老年人的营养和膳食参考课件ppt.ppt

《老年人的营养和膳食参考课件ppt.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《老年人的营养和膳食参考课件ppt.ppt（27页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统老年人的营养与膳食老年人的营养与膳食演讲人：XXX篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统老年人的定义：老年人的定义：2016版中国居民膳食指南中将65岁以上的成年人定义为老年人，80岁以上的成年人定义为高龄老人。老老人人22篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统目录目录老年人的生理代老年人的生理代老年人的生理代老年人的生理代谢谢特点特点特点特点老年人

2、的老年人的老年人的老年人的营营养需要养需要养需要养需要保健品的保健品的保健品的保健品的滥滥用用用用老年人的合理膳食原老年人的合理膳食原老年人的合理膳食原老年人的合理膳食原则则43251中国人口老龄化现状中国人口老龄化现状中国人口老龄化现状中国人口老龄化现状23篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 一一、中国人口老龄化现状：、中国人口老龄化现状：A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H

3、 HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should ab

4、andon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One

5、should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should

6、 abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride 我国从1999年迈入老年型社会以来，人口老龄化进入快速发展阶段。截止2015年底，我国总人口达13.46 亿，其中60岁及以上人口2.220 亿，占总人口的16.1%;

7、65岁及以上人口1.438亿，占总人口的10.5%。与1999 年相比，我国老龄化率年均增速达到0.37%。人口快速老龄化，一方面，对养老资源提出巨大挑战;另一方面，也给经济和社会发展也带来巨大影响。24篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give

8、up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO O

9、U UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should g

10、ive up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should o

11、vercome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should

12、 give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride1、消化系、消化系统

13、 老年人牙根、牙龈均逐渐萎缩。牙齿松动，开始脱落。胃肠道粘膜变薄，绒毛萎缩脱落，平滑肌纤维衰弱无力，胃肠消化液的分泌量下降、蠕动减少，不能很好地将碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质等 分解成葡萄糖、氨基酸、甘油等简 单物质，造成小肠吸收困难，肠蠕 动功能减退，胃排空时间延长，影 响消化和吸收。25篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE

14、EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prid

15、eA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should giv

16、e up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon p

17、ride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE

18、ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abando

19、n pride2 2、循环系统、循环系统 老年人的心血管系统、肾脏出现程度不等的形态学改变。由于动脉血管壁弹性的减退、脂质代谢能力降低、血脂增加、血粘稠度增加,老年人心搏量减少,一般65岁老年人的心排血量相当于其25岁时的70%。二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：26篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE E

20、One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride

21、A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give

22、 up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pr

23、ide;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE E

24、R RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon

25、 pride3 3、体成分改变、体成分改变 随意年龄的增长，体内脂肪组织逐渐增加，而瘦体重逐渐减少，此外，脂肪在体内储存部分呈现一种向心性分布的趋势。体成分改变的具体表现为：体成分改变的具体表现为：（1）细胞数量减少，肌肉组织的重量减少而出现肌肉萎缩。有研究表明:老年人肌肉的重量随着年龄的增长而减轻,男性青年25岁肌肉发育高峰时,约占其基本体重的40%,而到60岁时,其肌肉的重量将减少至其体重的20%左右。（2）体水分减少，主要为细胞内液减少。（3）骨骼中的矿物质减少、无机盐则逐渐增多,造成骨的弹性和韧性减退,所以容易发生骨折和骨裂。二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：27篮球

26、比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome a

27、ll fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride4 4、代谢、代谢 基础代谢降低。与中年人相比大约降低1520。这与代谢速率减慢、代谢量减少有关。合成代谢降低，分解代谢增高。合成与分解代谢失去平衡，引起细胞功能下降。二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：28篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，

28、篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up f

29、etters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride

30、;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R

31、T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon p

32、rideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should giv

33、e up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride5 5、体内氧化反应、体内氧化反应 人体组织的氧化反应可产生自由基。自由基对细胞的损害主要表现为对细胞膜的损害，尤其损害亚细胞器如线粒体、微粒体及溶酶体的膜。由于细胞器上磷脂所含多不饱和脂肪酸量多，对自由基更为敏感。自由基作用于多不饱和脂肪酸形成脂质过氧化产物，主要有丙二醛和脂褐素，在衰老过程中脂褐素大量堆积，可沉积于内脏及皮肤组织中，老

34、年人心肌和脑组织中脂褐素沉着率明显高于青年人，如沉积于脑及脊髓神经细胞则可引起神经功能障碍。自由基除损害细胞膜产生脂质过氧化物以外，还可使一些酶蛋白质变性，引起酶的活性降低或丧失。二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：29篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;

35、One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T

36、TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up an

37、ger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome a

38、ll one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up

39、anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride6 6、免疫功能、免疫功能 老年人胸腺

40、萎缩、重量减轻，T淋巴细胞数目明显减少，因此免疫功能下降，容易患各种疾病。二、老年人的生理代谢特点：二、老年人的生理代谢特点：210篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;on

41、e should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride三、老年人的三、老年人的营养需要：养需要：1.能量能量 老年人对能量的需要降低，所以膳食能量的摄入主要以体重来衡量。老年人的体重应维持在正常稳定水平，不应

42、过度苛求减重，体重过高或过低都会影响健康。从降低营养不良风险和死亡风险的角度考虑，老年人的BMI应不低于20为宜。211篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one shou

43、ld abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT T

44、L LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone s

45、hould abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fett

46、ers.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon prideA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon pride;on

47、e should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride三、老年人的三、老年人的营养需要：养需要：2.2.蛋白质蛋白质 老年人机体组成中蛋白质总量减少，对蛋白质的消化率和利用率都降低，且老年人易患病，如果不供给

48、充足的优质蛋白质，会造成负氮平衡。老年人每天摄人蛋白质可按112gkg体重供给，在膳食总热能中应占12 15，其中优质蛋白质的供给应占50。中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量建议老年人膳食蛋白质RNI男女分别为65g/d和55g/d。212篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;O

49、ne should give up anger;one should abandon pride;one should abandon pride;one should overcome all one should overcome all fetters.One should give up fetters.One should give up One should give up anger;One should give up anger;one should abandon prideone should abandon pride三、老年人的三、老年人的营养需要：养需要：3.脂肪脂

50、肪 由于老年人胆汁分泌减少和脂酶活性降低而对脂肪的消化功能下降，因此，脂肪的摄入不宜过多，脂肪供能占膳食总能量的2030为宜。其中要求亚油酸达到总能量的4，-亚麻酸达到总能量的0.6。213篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 A AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EA AD DD D Y YO OU UR R T TI IT TL LE E H HE ER RE EOne should give up anger;One should give up ange