《机械密封培训》PPT课件.ppt
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1、西部管道密封培训西部管道密封培训JohnCrane Tech(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd培训内容概述培训内容概述n密封基础知识n密封系统知识n密封的安装要求n密封的失效大致判断n与客户技术人员进行交流机械密封基础机械密封基础 第一部分第一部分Concepts of Mechanical Seals机械密封概念机械密封概念 ShaftProcess Fluid密封流体密封流体Leakage泄漏泄漏Environment环境环境Vessel Wall釜壁釜壁The Basic Sealing Problem:Preventing Leakage基本的密封问题基本的密封问题:防止泄漏防止泄漏Sh
2、aftProcess Fluid流体流动流体流动Leakage泄漏泄漏Environment环境环境 Vessel Wall釜壁釜壁The Concept of anEnd Face Mechanical Seal机械密封端面的概念机械密封端面的概念Shaft Movement轴的运动轴的运动Required Features必须的特征必须的特征nSmall axial clearance小的轴向间隙小的轴向间隙nSelf adjusting自调节自调节Mating Ring配合环配合环Primary Ring补偿环补偿环Secondary Sealing Element辅助密封辅助密封A F
3、lexible Seal Flexible 机械密封机械密封nHydrostatic loading流体静力学负荷流体静力学负荷nSecondary sealing elements辅助密封辅助密封nReplaceable parts可替换的部件可替换的部件O-Ring O型圈型圈Shaft轴轴Mating Ring配合环配合环Primary Ring补偿环补偿环Snap Ring卡环卡环Anti-X Ring 挡环挡环O-Ring O型圈型圈Disk推环推环Springs弹簧弹簧Retainer传动套传动套Set Screw定位螺丝定位螺丝An Example of a Complete S
4、ealSimply put,a mechanical seal is:简单的说简单的说,机械密封就是机械密封就是:1.A wearable,stationary,primary sealing element 一个耐磨一个耐磨,静止的密封件静止的密封件2.A wearable,rotating,primary sealing element 一个耐磨一个耐磨,旋转的密封件旋转的密封件3.A secondary sealing element 二次密封二次密封4.A mechanical loading device to press primary sealing elements 1 and
5、 2 against one another,and 使件使件1和件和件2相互贴合的机械装置相互贴合的机械装置5.Auxiliary components to complete seal 辅助密封辅助密封Non-flashing没有闪蒸没有闪蒸Flashing闪蒸闪蒸Parallel平行平行Converging收敛收敛Diverging发散发散Face Separation密封面分离密封面分离Shape:形态形态Gap:间隙间隙Fluid:流体流体The Sealing Interface密封接触面密封接触面Lubricant润滑剂润滑剂Separation分离面分离面Magnified S
6、urface A 放大面放大面Magnified Surface B放大面放大面Heat热量热量The Sealing Interface密封面密封面nLubrication Purpose:润滑目的润滑目的Separate surfaces分离两个面Prevent contact of high surface points防止出现面接触Reduce friction/heat generation减少摩擦/生热Process Fluid Acts as Lubricant Between Faces流体在两个面之间充当润滑剂的过程流体在两个面之间充当润滑剂的过程Gland密封端盖密封端盖P
7、ump Housing泵腔泵腔Process Fluid工艺流体工艺流体Invisible Leakage:不可见泄漏不可见泄漏Fluid Evaporates Upon Reaching Atmosphere微量的泄漏在大气侧蒸发微量的泄漏在大气侧蒸发 Primary Ring补偿环补偿环Mating Ring配合环配合环Gland密封端盖密封端盖Pump Housing泵腔泵腔No Fluid Or Dry Running没有流体或者干运转没有流体或者干运转Primary Ring补偿环补偿环Mating Ring配合环配合环Without Lubrication,Faces Run Dr
8、y And Overheat 没有润滑干运转导致过热没有润滑干运转导致过热Mating Ring配合环配合环Primary Ring补偿环补偿环Heat Generation 生热生热nRubbing摩擦摩擦nViscous Shear粘性剪切力粘性剪切力Heat Transfer热传递热传递nConduction传导传导nConvection对流对流Injection注入注入Flushing冷冲洗冷冲洗nRemoves Heat带走热量带走热量nReplenishes Cool Clean Lubricating Liquid 补补充润滑液充润滑液Primary Seal:Flush基本密封
9、基本密封:冲洗冲洗Single Seal Flushing By-Pass from Discharge(API Plan 11)单密封通过出口进行冲洗单密封通过出口进行冲洗By-pass Line fromPump Discharge to Seal Gland 从泵出口到密封端盖的管线从泵出口到密封端盖的管线Discharge出口出口Flow流动流动Suction入口入口Primary Seal:Flush基本密封基本密封:冲洗冲洗Minimum Pressure.3 bar/5 psi Above A?最小压力值要大于最小压力值要大于A处处0.3BarFlow流动流动Discharge出
10、口出口Suction入口入口Restrictional Device(Bushing)限流装置限流装置Single Seal Flushing from External Source(API Plan 32)单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗APrimary Seal:Quench 基本密封基本密封:急冷急冷Restrictional Device(Packing)限流装置限流装置(盘根盘根)Quench Source急冷源急冷源Process Fluid工艺流体工艺流体Single Seal Quench from External Source(API Plan 62)
11、单密封通过外部急冷单密封通过外部急冷API Piping PlansAPI 冲洗方案冲洗方案第二部分第二部分JOHNCRANEAPI Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Integral(internal)recirculationfrom pump discharge to seal内部循环从泵的出口到密封内部循环从泵的出口到密封 Advantage Advantage 优点优点 -No external piping 没有外部冲洗 Limitations Limitations 局限性局限性 -Changing flow rate required dismantling o
12、f pump 改变流量需要拆泵 -For clean pumpages only 只能是适用干净的介质API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Points to Note for API Plan 02:API 02 冲洗方案应注意的事项:冲洗方案应注意的事项:-The injection tapping is used for venting prior to startup.-在开车前,在开车前,入口用来进行放空入口用来进行放空-API plan 02 is often used together with plan 62,especially on high tempe
13、rature bellows seals.冲洗方案冲洗方案2经常与经常与62一起用,特别是用在高温波一起用,特别是用在高温波纹管密封纹管密封API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案No flushing to the mechanical seal(dead-ended)机械密封里没有冲洗机械密封里没有冲洗Points to Note for API Plan 11:API 冲洗方案冲洗方案11 应注意的事项应注意的事项-Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the discharge pressure is 3 bar hi
14、gher than seal chamber pressure.如果出口压力高于密封腔如果出口压力高于密封腔压力压力3bar,需要用一个孔限制流量需要用一个孔限制流量-Use on clean and low abrasives duties用在干净,含磨石性颗粒少的用在干净,含磨石性颗粒少的工矿工矿API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Seal Flushing By-Pass from Discharge单密封通过出口进行冲洗单密封通过出口进行冲洗Recirculation from seal chamber through a flow control orifice
15、 and back to pump suction从密封从密封腔里出通过一个孔板返回到泵的入口腔里出通过一个孔板返回到泵的入口Points to Note for API Plan 13:API 冲洗方案冲洗方案 13 应注意的事项应注意的事项-Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the seal chamber pressure is 3 bar higher than suction pressure.如果密封腔压力高于入口压力如果密封腔压力高于入口压力3bar,需要用一个孔板限制流量需要用一个孔板限制流量-handle abrasive
16、s duty better than API plan 11处理含有磨石性颗粒的工矿处理含有磨石性颗粒的工矿13方案号优于方案号优于11方案方案-higher seal chamber pressure to suppress vaporisation较高的密封腔压力可抑制它的汽化较高的密封腔压力可抑制它的汽化API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案+=Points to Note for API Plan 14:API 冲洗方案冲洗方案 14 应注意的事项:应注意的事项:-Flow back to suction side will evacuate vapours tha
17、t may collect in seal chamber.-Recommended for light hydrocarbon service.API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Recirculation from pump discharge through a flow control orifice and cooler to sealOpen Loop Cooling CircuitOpen Loop Cooling CircuitCooling Water Outlet冷冷水出口水出口Cooling Water Inlet冷水冷水入口入口API Piping
18、 Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Recirculation from a pumping ring in the seal chamber through cooler and back to seal Closed Loop Cooling Circuit Closed Loop Cooling Circuit 冲洗液通过密封冲洗液通过密封腔中的泵效环从密封腔中流出经过换热器,再返回到密封中,形成自封闭腔中的泵效环从密封腔中流出经过换热器,再返回到密封中,形成自封闭循环。循环。形成封闭的冷却回路形成封闭的冷却回路形成封闭的冷却回路形成封闭的冷却回路Throat bushingSucti
19、on入口入口Discharge出出口口18-24Vent at highest point of the piping排排气在管线气在管线的最高点的最高点Cooling Water Outlet冷冷水出口水出口Cooling Water Inlet冷冷水入口水入口mechanical seal with pumping ringHeat exchanger换热器换热器API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Points to note for API Plan 23:nThermosyphon design热虹吸设计 *heat exchanger 换热器*18 to 24“
20、above pump centre line.*在泵中心线以上 18 to 24 *Prevent overheating in standby and startup.*在泵启动和备用时,要防止过热。nInstall close fitting neck bushing at the bottom of seal chamber to isolate the heat from the impeller end.在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套用来隔离从叶轮传出的热量nUsed on high temperature applications to minimise heat load on the
21、 cooler by cooling only small amount of liquid that is recirculated.用于高温工况,通过冷却密封腔的小部分的循环流体来使冷却器的热负荷降至最低.nFor high temperature boiler feed pump applications用于高温锅炉给水泵上nOther applications其他应用 n*high temperature liquid close to bubble point.n*接近沸点的高温液体.API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Recirculation from pu
22、mp discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid to the seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line冲洗液从泵出口流出,通过一旋液分离器,使干净流体进入冲洗液从泵出口流出,通过一旋液分离器,使干净流体进入密封腔,带有颗粒的流体返回到泵入口处形成封闭循环密封腔,带有颗粒的流体返回到泵入口处形成封闭循环Clean overflowUnderflowInletAPI Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Points to Note for A
23、PI Plan 32:对于对于API plan 32 须注意须注意:-Chose a proper source of seal flush to eliminate the potential for vaporisation of the injected fluid and to avoid contamination of the fluid being pumped with the injected flush.选择合适的密封冲洗源,选择合适的密封冲洗源,以减少冲洗流体的汽化,同时可避免以减少冲洗流体的汽化,同时可避免冲洗流体被污染。冲洗流体被污染。-Install a labyr
24、inth bushing at the bottom of the stuffing box to control the flushing and pressure if necessary.-如有必要的话,在密封腔底部安装如有必要的话,在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套或迷宫密封来控制冲洗和压喉部衬套或迷宫密封来控制冲洗和压力。力。API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Single Seal Flushing from External Source单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗Throat BushingRecirculation from pump di
25、scharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid through a cooler and then to seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction lineCooling Water OutletCooling Water InletAPI Piping Plans API 冲洗方案冲洗方案Needle valveExternal reservoir providing a dead-ended blanket of fluid to the quench connect
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