《英汉转换译法》PPT课件.ppt

《《英汉转换译法》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《英汉转换译法》PPT课件.ppt（35页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第六章 英汉转换译法第一节 正面表达和反面表达的转换这里所谓的正面表达和反面表达是指在英语中是否用no,not或者带有de-,dis-,im-,in-,un-,less-等前、后缀的词，在汉语中是否用“无，非，不，没，未，否”等表示否定意义的字，如果有就是反面表达，反之就是正面表达。如：两个人谈话，其中一个说：“I am not kidding.”这反面表达。（我不是在开玩笑。）译成汉语从正面表达：“我是认真的。”另一个说：“I meant it,too.”为正面表达。（我也是认真的。）译成汉语可以从反面表达：“我也不是开玩笑。”正面表达与反面表达只是表达方式的不同，它们所传达的意思是相同的。

2、因此，在通常情况下，正反表达法的互变只是一种权宜的变通手段。例如：incomplete infrequent illiterate不完全的 残缺的不经常的 偶尔为之的不识字的人 文盲untouchable exactly fail miss dumb-bell 但在某些情况下，这种变通则是一种必需。不能触摸 禁止触摸肯定地 一点儿不错失败 没成功错过 没赶上笨蛋 不开窍的人一、英语含蓄否定句汉译时从反面表达All music is alike to me.直译：所有的音乐对我都一样。意译：我不懂音乐。（一）动词或动词短语引起的含蓄否定句1.I hate to get personal,but

3、youre much older than Byron.2.I hate to say good-bye.3.Then,the source of energy will cease to be a reason for war.我不喜欢过问私事，不过你比拜伦大好多。我真不想告辞。那么，能源将再也不会是战争的一个祸根。4.My father will kill me when he finds out.5.The specification lacks detail.6.We must keep the proletarian state from ever changing colors.我

4、父亲要是知道了，准饶不了我。这份说明书不够详尽。我们一定使无产阶级国家永不变色。（二）介词或连词引起的含蓄否定句1.That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson.2.Mr.Smith was above reproach.那个懒惰的小孩不预习就去上课。史密斯先生是无可指责的。3.Her beauty is beyond compare.4.Instead of Mr.Black,Mr.White delivered a speech at the meeting.当but,except,except for,barr

5、ing,besides等词义相当于leaving out时，均宜译成反说式，以免引起词义含混。她的美丽是无以伦比的。不是布莱克先生，而是怀特先生在会上讲了话。（三）名词引起的含蓄否定句1.A few instruments are in a state of neglect.2.We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.3.She was at a loss what to do.一些仪器处于无人管理的状态。在不具备这些条件的情况下，我们不能完成这项工作。她不知所措。（四）形容词及其短语引起的含蓄否定句1.I am

6、 far from considering it perfect.2.The newspaper accounts are far from being true.我认为它极不完美。报纸的报道远非事实。3.We must be free from arrogance and rashness and learn from people.4.He is the last man I want to see.5.Present supplies of food are short of requirements.我们必须不骄不躁，向人民学习。他是我最不愿见到的人。目前食品供不应求。（五）too，b

7、ut引起的含蓄否定句too,but在一定的上下文中具有否定的含义，因此，含有这两个词的英语句子往往要译为汉语的否定句。1.But for your efficiency,our timely communication should have been impossible.若无贵方之高效率工作，敝公司必不可能得到及时的通知。2.He is too much of a coward to shoot.3.His mother is anything but angry.4.Ill do anything but that.他太胆小了，不敢枪击别人。他妈妈一点儿也没生气。我绝对不干那件事。5.I

8、 would go with you but that I am so busy.6.He is anywhere to be found but in his office.假如我不这么忙的话，我就会跟你去了。他总不在办公室里面。（六）有些肯定的比较句含有否定的意义，可译为汉语的否定句1.You ought to know better than to do that sort of thing.2.Your temper is more than I can bear.你不该做那种事。我不能忍受你的脾气。3.There is more in it than you imagine.4.Th

9、e hero would rather die than surrender.5.I,rather than you,should do the work.6.Ill buy it!其中还有你所想象不到的。这位英雄宁死不屈。我答不出。该做这工作的是我，而不是你。二、某些英语否定结构译时从正面表达有些英语句子虽然是从反面表达的，但它们的意义却是肯定的，翻译时根据汉语的表达习惯从正面表达。（一）形容词1.I will never be so ungrateful as even to think he has done an act of injustice by me.2.“It is well

10、 you wish this behind her back,else you would have but an unquiet house.”said Nerissa.我永远也不会忘恩负义的，认为他这样做是委屈了我。“亏了你是背着他这么希望，不然的话，你们家可一定会闹得天翻地覆的。”尼莉莎说。（二）名词1.To say the truth,there is but on work in His whole creation that doth Him any dishonor,and with that I have long since avoided holding any conve

11、rsations.老实说，在上帝所创造的世界中，只有一种东西是对他的玷辱，长时期以来，我一直避免同这种东西接触。2.Mr.Square happened to be at church on the Sunday,when,the appearance of Molly in her sack had caused al that disturbance.3.He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.毛丽由于穿漂亮长衫而引起风波的那个礼拜天，斯奎尔先生正好也在教室里。他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。（三）动词1.He h

12、ad not the least difficulty in discovering the true cause of his present behavior.2.Some well-chosen present from the philosopher so softened and unguarded the girls heart.他很容易就弄清了造成他目前这般景况的真正原因。哲学家送的一些精选的礼品又打动并且打开了姑娘的心。3.As the door was fastened,which gave her an opportunity of conveying her lover

13、behind that rug or blanket where he now was unhappily discovered.由于她已经把门闩上，这样就还有机会把情人藏到毯子后边去，只是不行，最后依然露出马脚了。（四）副词1.On the contrary,had she been confined to the choice of one only,Tom Jones would undoubtedly have been of the two victorious persons.2.Our other grandson looks unbelievable like Byron as

14、 an infant.恰恰相反，要是只准她选一个的话，两个之间占上风的当然还是汤姆琼期。我闪另外一个孙子长的像婴儿时期的拜伦，像得出奇。3.He stood for a while motionless,and seemed equally at a loss what to say or whither to direct his eyes.4.Byron walked uncertainly to the cry girl.他呆呆地立了好一会儿，似乎同样不晓得该说些什么，或是朝哪里望好。拜伦摇摇晃晃地朝那个哭叫的小女孩走去。（五）短语英语中有些短语形式上是否定的，但表达的内容却是肯定的。如

15、：notuntil,neverwithout,no one but等，含有这些短语的句子，译成汉语时大多从正面表达：1.They gave me the wrong book,and I didnt notice it until I got back to my room.我到了房间才发现，他们给我的不是那本书。2.Dont drive back till these bastards quit,or you may get strafed.3.No one but a great philosopher could solve such a question.你等这些王八蛋滚了以后再开车回

16、去，不然他们会向你扫射的。只有大思想家才能解决这样的问题。4.“How are you?”“I couldnt feel better.”5.The reader may suppose Mrs.Miller received this account with great thankfulness and no less pleasure.“你好吗？”“我觉得精神好极了。”读者大概以为密勒太太得到这个消息会非常感激，并且非常高兴。（六）句子1.There is no rule but has exceptions.2.I never go past that school but think

17、 of my first teacher.3.You cant be too careful.4.Im not a little afraid of snakes.所有规则都有例外。每当我走过那所学校，都会想起我的启蒙老师。你要格外小心。我非常怕蛇。三、双重否定结构的译法（一）译为双重否定句 使用双重否定句的目的是起强调作用，或使语气委婉。翻译时如果保留原文的“否定之否定”形式并不影响中文的流畅，则保留为好。这样可以突出原文的强调作用或委婉语气。1.I cannot let your statement pass unquestioned.2.There can never be a forc

18、e acting in nature unless two bodies are involved.我对你的说法不能不提出疑问。在自然界中不牵涉到两个物体，就不会有作用力。3.He was not unequal to the duty.4.I could not translate certain passages without challenging them.他并非不称职。在翻译某些段落的时候，我又不能不有所指责。5.She never willingly suffered any one to depart from her house without inquiring as mu

19、ch as possible into their names,families and fortunes.6.Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man.对所有过往旅客的姓氏、门第、家业没尽量打听个一清二楚之前，她总是不肯放他们离去。现在没有任何宇宙飞船不能载人了。（二）译为肯定句如果保留原文的双重否定形式不能得到流畅的译文，则译为汉语的肯定句。1.Nowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years old.2.There can be no sunshine without shadow.有阳光就有阴影。今天，活到70岁的人是常见的。3.I am not insincere about it.4.She is not a little interested in American literature.5.The flowing of electricity through a wire is not unlike that of water through a pipe.电流过导线就像水流过管子一样。她对美国文学有浓厚的兴趣。我是真心诚意的。