2018届高考高三英语第二轮复习备考《基于语篇分析的二轮复习策略》ppt课件.ppt

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1、基于语篇分析的二轮复习策略基于语篇分析的二轮复习策略2018.3.292018.3.29师生对二轮复习的困惑师生对二轮复习的困惑采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据目 录 ContentsContents语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识师生对二轮复习的困惑师生对二轮复习的困惑教师：教师：时间紧，任务重；时间紧，任务重；学学生生投投入入不不足足，难难以落实；以落实；不不是是做做题题，就就是是讲讲题；题；一一轮轮讲讲过过，二二轮轮又又炒冷饭炒冷饭学生篇：学生篇：3500背背了了，可可是是文文章就是读不懂；章就是读不懂；方方法法已已经经听听

2、过过无无数数遍遍了了，题题就就是是做做不不对；对；堂堂上上的的全全做做对对，新新做做的的题题又又“一一夜夜回回到解放前到解放前”采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据一、人的因素 积极性 信心 坚持创新复习模式有效复习策略选题有针对性采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据二、考纲、考试说明1.在语篇中语篇中考查语言知识和语言技能；（口头（口头+书面共书面共12个语篇）个语篇）2.在应应用用中中考查语言的综合能力，比较注重对学生思维能力的考查；（语篇是语义单位，是语言应用的起点）（语篇是语义单位，是语言应用的起点）采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据三、新课程标准（2017版

3、）语篇是载体语篇是资源采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据四、全国卷的语篇特点采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据四、全国卷的语篇特点 高考试卷的八个语篇覆盖常见文体：说明文、记叙文、应用文（书信、广告、简介、通知、发言稿等）、议论文。“老瓶装新酒老瓶装新酒”书面表达以应用文为主，但这只是表象说明类：介绍人物、地点、课程、活动安排等；议论类：利弊、原因、劝告、说服等；叙事类：有意义的经历等。采取语篇复习策略的依据采取语篇复习策略的依据小结：现行全国卷以语篇为载体。因此，抓住了语篇就等于抓住了考试的命脉。基于语篇的复习才是有效的复习。抓不变应万变。学生普遍缺乏必要的语篇知识，更遑

4、论运用语篇知识解题的意识。解题时，往往只关注局部细节（个别词句），未能关联上下文（语篇），故无法整体把握语篇意义。所以，引导学生走进语篇，发现自己的不足，是二轮复习最重要的任务之一。学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识与高考相关语篇知识语篇的写作目的、语篇结构特征；段首句、主题句、过渡句；衔接与连贯手段；语义逻辑关系；信息组织方式（新旧信息布局）学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识文体目的结构语言说明文议论文记叙文应用文告知告知(inform/tell)介介 绍绍 (introduce/present)解释

5、解释(to explain)辩辩 驳驳 (argue/criticize/oppose)劝劝 说说 (persuade/convince)分分享享经经历历(to share experience)；娱娱 乐乐 大大 众众 (to entertain)to introduce/sell,to attractto informto persuade1.主题突出；主题突出；2.客客观观性性：被被动动语态语态3.说明方法说明方法1.研研究究：结结果果过过程程背景背景2.科科普普：说说明明对对象象、功能功能/作用作用1.总总-分分(-总总)：总总论论点点+论论据据(分分论论点点)+结结论论2.提提出出、

6、分分析析(因因)、解决解决1.树靶子；树靶子；2.主主观观性性：引引用用专专家观点家观点3.论论据据：经经历历、研研究究5w+1h:因因、发发 展展（困困难难/思思想想斗斗争争）、结结果果(结结果果/反反思思、成长成长)写写人人(生生平平、成成就就贡贡献献)、叙叙事事(情情感感、态态度变化度变化)、叙议结合、叙议结合主题鲜明主题鲜明 显著的文本特征显著的文本特征 活活动动内内容容、特特点点、时时间间、地地点点、注注意意事项等事项等 省略句省略句 祈使句祈使句语篇应该这样读说明文的集中说明方法说明文的集中说明方法 下定义下定义(by giving definition)举例子举例子(by giv

7、ing examples/by exemplifying)列数字（据）列数字（据）(by giving data)分类别分类别(by classifying)作比较作比较(by comparing)引资料（名人名言，前人研究）引资料（名人名言，前人研究）(by quoting)摹状貌摹状貌(by describing)学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识语篇应该这样读牢记立德树人使命牢记立德树人使命写好教育考试奋进之笔写好教育考试奋进之笔(教育部考试中心主任 姜钢)核心功能：立德树人、服务选才、引导教学核心功能：立德树人、服务选才、引导教学 培育和弘扬培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观社会主义核

8、心价值观 传承和发扬传承和发扬中国优秀传统文化中国优秀传统文化 学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识阅读“七选五”段首句：主旨概括、承上启下段首句：主旨概括、承上启下段中句：解释、推进信息段中句：解释、推进信息（上下文逻辑意义）（上下文逻辑意义）段末句：拓展或归纳、承上启下段末句：拓展或归纳、承上启下（文章结构）（文章结构）学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识语篇的衔接与连贯 语法衔接 词汇衔接 照应 重复 省略 同义/反义 替代 下义/局部意义 连接 搭配学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识照应照应与替代替代照应强调同一性人称照应人称代词指示照应指示代词，定冠词the比 较 照

9、应 同(same,identical,)似(similar,likewise)；不 同(different,otherwise)；替代强调同类性替代名词one,ones,the same替代动词do/does/did(so)替代小句so,not学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识在解答完形填空或阅读理解猜词题时，充在解答完形填空或阅读理解猜词题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们作出正分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们作出正确选择。确选择。多种词类与介词的搭配多种词类与介词的搭配主谓、动宾搭配主谓、动宾搭配句式搭配和习语搭配句式搭配和习语搭配感情色彩搭配感情色彩搭配学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具

10、备的语篇知识题目可以这样解学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识题目可以这样解 两个信息之间的逻辑关系有时是“显显性性的的”，他们之间通过“语篇标志词”连接。而有时，由于信息之间的逻辑关系很明显，符合人们的常识和经验，信息之间的逻辑关系则是“隐性的”(多为时间关系、因果关系)，他们之间没有出现“语篇标志词”。学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识Last week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a yo

11、ung woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.Last week I went to the theatre.(And并并列列关关系系)I had a very good seat.（And并并列列关关系系）The play was very interestin

12、g.(But转转折折关关系系)I did not enjoy it.(Because因因果果关关系系)A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.(And并并列列关关系系)They were talking loudly.(So因因果果关关系系)I got very angry.(Because因因果果关关系系)I could not hear the actors.(Therefore因因果果关关系系)I turned round.(And)I looked at the man and the woman angrily.(Bu

13、t转转折折关关系系)They did not pay any attention.Last week I went to the theatre.I had a very _ seat.And The play was very _.But I could _ enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me._ were talking loudly.So I got very_.I could not hear the actors.Therefore I turned _,and looked at the man

14、 and the woman angrily.But they paid _ attention,saying that it was none of my _.What a(n)_ day!分号分号;逗号逗号,(同位语同位语)语篇应该这样读我们我们都应该为西部大开发做贡献都应该为西部大开发做贡献，我们我们是新时期是新时期青年，青年，我们我们责无旁贷。责无旁贷。小林小林很喜欢这只很喜欢这只小狗小狗。小狗小狗浑身浑身雪白雪白。这。这白色白色从从远处看来就像一团雪绒花。远处看来就像一团雪绒花。主位、述位主位、述位新旧信息推进的模式新旧信息推进的模式爱迪生爱迪生发明了发明了电灯电灯。电灯电灯给我们带

15、来了光明。给我们带来了光明。电电灯灯使我们不再惧怕黑暗。使我们不再惧怕黑暗。学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识The victorious footballers stepped off the plane.Cheering fans immediately swamped them.They were immediately swamped by cheering fans.主位、述位主位、述位新旧信息推进的模式新旧信息推进的模式学生应具备的语篇知识学生应具备的语篇知识篇篇章章中中对对句句子子主主位位的的选选择择并并非非随随意意的的，其其一一般般规则是：规则是：1.保保持持主主位位一一

16、致致，后后句句既既是是主主动动语语态态又又与与前前句句主主位一致是最佳选择；位一致是最佳选择；2.当当两两者者不不可可兼兼得得时时，宁宁可可选选择择被被动动态态句句从从而而保保持主位一致性；持主位一致性；John kissed Mary.Well,Mary was kissed by John.一、指导单一题型“七选五”语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 1:看文章大意和结构Vacations are important,because work stress is on the rise.Therefore,you should spend the holiday they

17、 way you like it.ArgumentWhatReasonsWhySolutionsHow语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 2:理解选项，并圈画关键词A.With it come many health problems.B.When you finally get home youll be greatly refreshed.C.I challenge each one of you to do the same.D.Draw up a detailed plan so you can see more.E.Life is not all about wor

18、k,or at least it shouldnt be.F.And only you know how to vacation your way.G.For my next holiday,I will do all the things that I love doing.语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 3:提取解题密码！We need to take time out from work to relax,and just be ourselves._36_ We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us考查

19、段中句。前文有考查段中句。前文有work,后文有后文有job E.Life is not all about work,or at least it shouldnt be.密码密码1：词语的复现（同义词、反义词等）：词语的复现（同义词、反义词等）语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 3:提取解题密码！Workplace stress is on the rise._37_ These include disease,depression and even death.考考查查段段中中句句。后后句句有有代代词词These（指指代代可可数数名名词词复数）复数），可知前句讲了相关主

20、题。，可知前句讲了相关主题。A.With it come many health problems.选择A时同样应该关注it的指代。密密码码2：指指代代(代词：it,this,that,they,these,those，或定冠词the)语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 3:提取解题密码！_38_ I will sleep late,write,watch movies,drink the occasional glass of wine,and eat to my hearts content ignoring calorie counting.My plan is to

21、just enjoy the fleeting moments of being alive.考考查查段段首首句句。后后句句列列举举是是I will；My plan is全全段后两个句子都是强调段后两个句子都是强调自己的打算和计划自己的打算和计划。G.For my next holiday,I will do all the things that I love doing.密码密码3：段首句的作用（概括全段中心）：段首句的作用（概括全段中心）语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 3:提取解题密码！_39_ Spend your next vacation the way yo

22、u want.Do what will restore your mental health.Youre very valuable to the people who are close to you,and to those who depend on it.Like it or not,we are all interdependent in this great life of ours.考考查查段段首首句句。承承接接上上文文关关于于“我我的的打打算算”作作为为例例子子，这这段是建议段是建议you也这样做。也这样做。C.I challenge each one of you to do

23、 the same.密码密码4：段首句的作用（承上启下）：段首句的作用（承上启下）语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 3:提取解题密码！Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again._20_ All you have to do is just ask yourself what you want to do.考考查查段段中中句句。根根据据前前文文there will never be anyone like you,后文后文All you have to d

24、oF.And only you know how to vacation your way.密码密码 5：句子间（内）逻辑关系：句子间（内）逻辑关系语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用Step 4:复读全文，核查答案。语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用“七选五七选五”的的“3-4-5”策略：策略：三种挖空句子及其功能：三种挖空句子及其功能：段首句/小标题，段中句，段末句；四个解题步骤：四个解题步骤：概览全文翻译选项仔细比对（运用密码）复读全文五个解题密码：五个解题密码：复现；指代；概括归纳；承上启下；语义逻辑；语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用标题标题主旨主旨三三点

25、点分分述述（关关注注文文本本特征）特征）中心句中心句36.Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences,_36_.Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.B.It is putting confide

26、nce in someone.37.Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._37_.Its understandable,but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again,we ha

27、ve some steps you can take to get you there.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again._38_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being._39_ If youve been betrayed,you are the victi

28、m of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.A.Learn to really trust yourself.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.You didnt lose“everything”.Once trust is lost,wh

29、at is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40_ Instead,its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.G.Seeing the positive side of thi

30、ngs doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.（一）利用文体特征解题|迁移题型1：阅读理解|目标：主旨大意，标题，写作目的，细节推断语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用二、跨题型应用|A篇说明文|主题句Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he says,for probl

31、ems it doesnt really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.|One traditional belief about television is that|Another argument against television is that|Traditional wisdom also has it that|For years,.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as con

32、ventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.|D.To present Andersons unconventional ideas|B篇应用文|主题句The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.|23.What type of writing is this t

33、ext?|A.An exhibition guide.|B.An art show review.|C.An announcement.|D.An official report.|C篇议论文（夹叙夹议）|主题句In the animal kingdom,weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it eve

34、ry day when people hold doors for me,pour cream into my coffee,or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy.|30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?|A.A Wheelchair Experience.|B.Weakness and Kindness.|C.Weakness and Strength|D.A Driving Experience|

35、C篇议论文（夹叙夹议）|Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often,it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.|29.In this passage,the author advi

36、ses us to _.|A.handle problems by ourselves|B.accept help from others|C.admit our weakness|D.show our bravery|D篇说明文|We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup

37、 to a point.|In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.|61.The example of Finland

38、is used to illustrate _.|A.the cause of heart disease|B.the fashion of body shaping|C.the effectiveness of a campaign|D.the history of a body-conscious country（一）利用文体特征解题|迁移题型1：阅读理解|目标：主旨大意，标题，写作目的，细节推断|迁移题型迁移题型2：书面表达：书面表达|目标：提高内容连贯性，提高语言准确性目标：提高内容连贯性，提高语言准确性语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用二、跨题型应用你你很很荣荣幸幸地地成成

39、为为2008北北京京奥奥运运会会的的一一名名志志愿愿者者,负负责责编编写写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。写作内容写作内容请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍：请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍：背景：射击最初只是生存工具背景：射击最初只是生存工具,19世纪末才发展成为一世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动项体育运动1896：第一次成为奥运项目：第一次成为奥运项目1904：中断：中断 1928：中断：中断 1932：重回奥运会：重回奥运会1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛现状：稳步发展，现状：稳步发展，1896奥运会只有三项射击项目奥

40、运会只有三项射击项目,现今现今有有17项项 Shooting,which originated as a means of survival,developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.The sport first appeared in 1896,but none was contested in the 1904 and 1928 Games.It returned to the Olympics in 1932.Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooti

41、ng in 1968.The sport has grown so steadily from just three events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.介绍（说明性）介绍（说明性）2013课标课标IIDear Tom,How are you doing?I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me.They are made by myself with red still threads,cloths and other materials.The knots look rea

42、lly beautiful in the shape of a diamond,about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide.In China,these handicrafts stand for friendship,love and good luck.People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses.They are only 12.99 US dollars each.If anyone wants to know more about the kno

43、ts,let them write to me.Also,do let me know if you need further information.Thank you!2015四川四川Hi Sharon,This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am quite interested in it.I think Im fit for it.As a student,I have been learning Mandarin for many years.In additi

44、on,I am Chinese,which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life,so Im quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.Learning Mandarin takes time,so if you want to learn it well,you should spend much time practicing Mandarin everyday.As the saying goes,practice

45、makes perfect.Besides,you can also read some books in Chinese,see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes.Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning,by which you are sure to make great progress.|（二）利用逻辑关系解题|迁移题型1：阅读理解|目标：细节理解、细节推断语篇分析复习策略的运用语篇分析复习策略的运用二、

46、跨题型应用 The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.24.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.Sw

47、imming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best part-particularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wa

48、ke-up call.25.What made the authors getting up late early worthwhile?A.Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C.Walking in the morning sun.D.Visiting a local farmers market.逻辑密码：双破折号逻辑密码：双破折号,用作对用作对bestpart的解释的解释 Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,Ive refused to buy winter toma

49、toes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.26.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A.They are soft.B.They look nice.C.They taste great.D.They are juicy.逻辑密码：非谓语动词逻辑密码：非谓语动词(ed,ing)表原因表原因 Delight

50、ed as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where-luckily for me-I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew Id be