英美概况英文美国历史课件.ppt

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1、 HistoryPart One History of the United States I Introduction to British and American Culture1 Learning FocusColumbus and the New World American Indians The MayflowerThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Introduction to British and American Culture2Introduction to British and American Culture

2、Warm-upThink about the following questions.1.Who are the original American people?_2.Do you know where the name“America”came from?_3.Which American holidays do you know?_ Introduction to British and American Culture3Introduction to British and American CultureColonization of North AmericaAmerican In

3、diansThe Discovery of America The First Permanent English ColonyThe Mayflower The Founding of the Thirteen Colonies Introduction to British and American Culture4Introduction to British and American CultureAmerican IndiansAbout 25,000 years agoDescendants of Asian people-Mongoloid The name“Indians”wa

4、s given by Christopher Columbus.Introduction to British and American Culture5Introduction to British and American CultureAmerican IndiansThe Bering Strait was tied together It was possible to for the Indians to walk from Asia to Alaska 25000 years ago.Introduction to British and American Culture6Int

5、roduction to British and American CultureAmerican IndiansWere skilled hunters and fishermenDeveloped the brilliant American civilizations of the Aztecs,the Incas and the Mayas.Introduction to British and American Culture7Introduction to British and American CultureThe Discovery of America Columbus I

6、n 1492,Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbus called the local people Indians.Introduction to British and American Culture8Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo VespucciHe first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named Americ

7、a to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American Culture9Introduction to British and American CultureThe First Permanent English Colony In 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River.The first English colony was founded at Jamestown,Vi

8、rginia.Introduction to British and American Culture10Introduction to British and American CultureThe Mayflower SignificanceA symbol of early European colonization of the AmericasBackground oppressed by the Church of England In 1620102 people sailed in a ship named the“Mayflower”.Landed in Plymouth,M

9、assachusetts Introduction to British and American Culture11Introduction to British and American CultureThanksgiving Day The 4th Thursday of NovemberA purely American holiday Origin The Indians taught the Englishmen how to plant pumpkins,beans and corn.A celebration was held to give thanks to God.Int

10、roduction to British and American Culture12Introduction to British and American CultureThe Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150 years,the British colonies in North America became a“melting pot”.By the early 1760s,English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.

11、Introduction to British and American Culture13Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the United States nThe Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists nThe War of Independence Introduction to British and American Culture142023/1/20The Conflict between Britain and the Ameri

12、can ColonistsnBackgroundqThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar,coffee and textiles.qThey passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act.Introduction to British and American Culture152023/1/20Boston Tea Party nBackground qIn 1773,British government passed a new law

13、-the Tea Act.nSlogan q“No taxation without representation”nTime qDecember 16,1773 nEvent qA group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour.Introduction to British and American Culture162023/1/20The War of IndependencenApril 19,1775qA shot was fired in the village of Lexington and thus

14、 the War of Independence began.nMay,1775qThe Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to take on the function of a national government.nJuly 4,1776qDeclaration of Independence was adopted.Introduction to British and American Culture172023/1/20The War of IndependenceTimeOn October 19

15、,1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender.Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of America-the Independence Day.Introduction to British and American Culture18Introduction to British and American CultureComplete a Timeli

16、ne1763:The French and Indian War ended 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 1775:_1776:_ 1781:_ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Introduction to British and American Culture19Introduction to British and Ame

17、rican CultureThe American Civil War nNorthern vs.SouthernnUncle Toms Cabin nAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American Culture202023/1/20Northern vs.SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America.The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe political conflic

18、tMajor issueSlavery Introduction to British and American Culture21Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs.SouthernThe Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States(or the Confederacy)Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union Stat

19、es Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and American Culture22Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs.SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continu

20、ed Less The Union Introduction to British and American Culture23Introduction to British and American CultureUncle Toms CabinPublished in 1852By Harriet Beecher StoweSignificance Became the best-selling novel of the 19th century in America.Aroused a great discontent over slavery.Introduction to Briti

21、sh and American Culture24Introduction to British and American CultureAbraham Lincoln March 1861-took the office of the president.April 12,1861-the Civil War began.September 22,1862-issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.Made a famous speech in Gettysburg.

22、Introduction to British and American Culture25Introduction to British and American CultureThe Civil Waron April 9,1865The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South.Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues:Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single a

23、nd stronger nation.Introduction to British and American Culture26Introduction to British and American CultureUS in the Two World Wars After World War IChanged from a debtor nation to a creditor nationAmerican industry reached a degree of prosperity unparalleled in the past.After World War IIBecame t

24、he strongest power in the world Introduction to British and American Culture27Introduction to British and American CultureLearning FocusAmerican IndiansColumbus and the New World The MayflowerThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Introduction to British and American Culture28Thank You!292023/1/20