英语句子种类讲解课件.ppt

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1、英语句子种类英语句子种类按句子的结构分为三种按句子的结构分为三种:简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)(一一).简单句简单句:只有只有一个一个主语主语(或并列主语或并列主语)和和 一个一个谓语谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语):.Tom likes rock music.Tom and John are fond of rock music.Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型1._

2、It is getting warmer and warmer.He looks pretty happy today.高考经常考查的高考经常考查的系动词系动词:.“变得变得”_,_,_,_,_.“看起来看起来”_,_,_ “闻起来闻起来”_“尝起来尝起来”_ “摸起来摸起来”_“听起来听起来”_ 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(S+V+P)get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsound系动词的用法系动词的用法:(注意三点注意三点)+_作表语作表语;无无 _;无无 _;e.g.The dish _.(尝尝起起来来好好吃吃)T

3、he story _.(听起来有趣听起来有趣).adj.宾语宾语被动语态被动语态tastes delicioussounds interesting2._ Our chalk has run out.On hearing the news,he cheered.高高考考经经常常考考查查的的不不及及物物动动词词（或或短短语语）:“发生发生”_;_;_;_ _ “用完用完,用光用光”_;_.不及物动词的用法不及物动词的用法:无无 _,无无_ 主语主语+谓语谓语 (S+V)happen occurtake place come aboutbreak outrun out give out 宾语宾语被

4、动语态被动语态e.g.“过过去去的的几几年年里里我我们们学学校校发发生生了了很大的变化很大的变化”Our school has taken place great changes in the last few years._ _.Do you know what was happened yesterday?(改错改错)()Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years.3._ We are having an English class.Mr Wang will attend the lecture.4.

5、_ I teach you English.He offered me his seat.5._ We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.I heard them cheering in the next room.I saw the window broken.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 (S+V+O)主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+V+O1+O2)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+V+O+C)请说出下列句子类型请说出下列句子类型:1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He

6、 showed me a new TV set.4.She knows French.5.The gas smells terrible.S+ViS+ViS+V+O+CS+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2S+V+O1+O2S+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+V+P(二二)并列句并列句(compoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号并列连词或分号连连接起来，则成为一个并列接起来，则成为一个并列句。句。常用并列连词常用并列连词平行平行并列连词并列连词:转折转折并列连词并列连词：因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,both.and.,no

7、tonly.butalso.,neither.nor.but,while,yetfor,soor请用合适的请用合适的并列连词并列连词把每组句子合并把每组句子合并为一个并列句。为一个并列句。1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.I cant afford it.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Thedressisreallybeautiful,butIcantaffordit.3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,and/whil

8、eJohnisgreetingguests.4.He works hard.He also likes helping others.1.He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.2.Not only does he work hard but he also likes helping others.(三）复合句三）复合句:主句主句+从句从句主句主句是一个是一个完整的句子完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句从句是一个是一个不完整的句子不完整的句子,它必须和它必须和一个主

9、句连用，不能独立存在一个主句连用，不能独立存在.Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句从句主句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从类型从句句：1._2._3._ 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句指出下列各从句的类型：指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I c

10、ame in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句vIt is well-known that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held on August 8th.vAs is known to all,the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.主语从句主语从句定语从定语从句句I want to live in a place where the air is fresh.I want to live

11、where the air is fresh.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。句。vIllgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间状语从句时间状语从句)vIllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.as soon as the moment the minute immediatelyIt is such a big box.Nobody can move it.(结果状语从句结果状语从句)It is such a big box that nobody can move it.S

12、uch a big box is it that nobody can move it.It is so big a box that nobody can move it.The dress is beautiful.I cant afford it.(让步状语从句让步状语从句)Although/Though the dress is beautiful,I cant afford it.Beautiful as the dress is,I cant afford it.按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。使句和感叹句。1）陈述句（Declar

13、ativeSentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）l2）疑问句（InterrogativeSentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（GeneralQuestions）：Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（WQuestions;HQuestions）：Wheredoyoulive?你住那儿？Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（Alte

14、rnativeQuestions）：Doyouwantteaorcoffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：Hedoesntknowher,doeshe?他不认识她，对不对？3）祈使句（ImperativeSentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sitdown,please.请坐。Dontbenervous!别紧张！4）感叹句（ExclamatorySentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊！祈使句结构祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是

15、以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。Takethisseat.Dobecareful.否定结构：Dontmove.Dontbelate.2）第二种祈使句以let开头。Let的反意疑问句a.Lets包括说话者Letshaveanothertry，shallwe/shantwe?=Shallwehaveanothertry?b.Letus不包括说话者Letushaveanothertry，willyou/wontyou?=Willyoupleaseletushaveanothertry?否定结构：Letsnottalkofthatmatter.Letusnott

16、alkofthatmatter.感叹句结构感叹句结构感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序Howcleveraboyheis!Howlovelythebabyis!Whatnoisetheyaremaking!Whatacleverboyheis!感叹句的省略形式为

17、：Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!Whatcoldweather（itis）!Whatacleverboy(heis)!典型例题1）_foodyouvecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice2）_terribleweatherwevebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa3)-_Ihad!-Youreallysufferedalot.A.WhatatimeB.WhattimeC.HowatimeD.howtime强调句结构强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。I

18、tis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.1）Itwaslastnight_Iseethecomet.A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.which2）Itistenyears_MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as反意疑问句反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑

19、问部分要用arentI.Imastallasyoursister，arentI?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantshaveneverblown(开花),havethey?4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。H

20、eoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtnthe?/shouldnthe?5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.)，疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,dontwe?6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didnthe?/usednthe?7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadntyou?Youdbetterreaditbyyourself,hadntyou?8)陈述部分有woul

21、drather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldnthe?9)陈述部分有Youdliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。Youdliketogowithme,wouldntyou?10)陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Hemustbeadoctor,isnthe?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haventyou?/didntyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didnthe?Itmust

22、begoingtoraintomorrow,wontit?11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolours,arentthey?Whatasmell,isntit?12)陈述部分由neithernor,eitheror连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或指物的不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,isntit?14)陈述部分为主从复合句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根

23、据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,andheshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldnthe?b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didnthe?c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idontthinkheisbright,ishe?We

24、believeshecandoitbetter,cantshe?15)陈述部分主语是指人的不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,dontthey?(doesnthe)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?.)16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?当dare,need为实义动词时，疑

25、问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesntdaretogohomealone,doesshe?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。（前肯后可肯可否，前否后只能肯）Dontdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/wontyou?注意Lets开头的祈使句，后用shallwe/shantwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou/wontyou?18)陈述部分是therebe结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isntthere?Therewillnotbe

26、anytrouble,willthere?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。Itisimpossible,isntit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?倒装句之全部倒装倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓

27、语表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.倒装句之部分倒装倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil等。Nev

28、erhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题1)WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-roomA.iss

29、mokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.d

30、idntmanknowD.didmanknow以否定词开头作部分倒装的结构还有：以否定词开头作部分倒装的结构还有：如如Notonlybutalso,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,NosoonerthanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例题Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.

31、thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用部分倒装句(助动前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonlybut(also),nosoonerthan,hardlywhenscarcelywhen等等。注意：只有当Notonlybutalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonlybutalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Notonlyyo

32、ubutalsoIamfondofmusic.so,neither,nor作部分倒装作部分倒装表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.典型例题-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso答案：B.nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用dont再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。注意

33、：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.-Itsraininghard.-Soitis.only在句首要倒装的情况在句首要倒装的情况Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装倒装Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed

34、.as,though引导的倒装句引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）。注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。典型例题：1）NotuntilLucywentback_theture.A.IdidknowB.Iknew

35、C.didntIknowD.didIknow2）NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize3)-DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso4)-Johnwasluckyenoughtopasstheexamyesterday.-_.A.SoIdidB.NorIwasC.SoIwasD.SowasI其他部分倒装其他部分倒装1)sothat句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：Mayyouallbehappy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.See you next time