《阅读与写作》PPT课件.ppt

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2、 1 1 倾 情 出 品-BackgroundBy王 欣一、Famousaphorism1、Stress should be a powerful driving force,not an obstacle.Bill Phillips压力是一种强大的驱动力，而不是一个障碍。比尔菲利普斯一、Famousaphorism2、Maturity is achieved when a person accepts life as full of tension.Joshua L.Liebman当一个人接受了生活是充满压力的这一事实，他便成熟了。约书亚L.利伯曼一、Famousaphorism3、The

3、greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another.William James对抗压力最好的武器是我们选择一个思考的能力。威廉杰姆斯二、Whatisstress?Stress is your bodys way of responding to any kind of demand.It can be caused by both good and bad experiences.When people feel stressed by something going on aroun

4、d them,their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood.These chemicals give people more energy and strength,which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger.But this can also be a bad thing,if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet fo

5、r this extra energy and strength.三、Psychologicaltest三、PsychologicaltestThe greater your stress is,the faster the black dots flashing.四、ThegeneralphenomenonWorking hard is a good habit,everyone knows that“the more ploughing and weeding,the better the crop”However,if we always work under stress,we wil

6、l get anxious more often and may be trapped in a state of sub-health,which may lead to an illness in the end.五、Thestressinourlivesfamily problemsbeing sickorganizing a partythe examslove lifethe part-time jobthe keen competitionrushing to finish the paper before the deadline六、Theeffectsofstress1、Pos

7、itive aspectsmotive powerimproving work efficiencygetting used to the keen competition六、Theeffectsofstress2、Negative aspectshealth killercutting the work efficiencymaking you feel nervous and upsetlack of confidenceargument with others七、ThesolutionsThere is no denying that every person will confront

8、 with one kind of another stress due to the bustle and hustle of modern life.Though we can not see or touch it,all of us can feel it since it floods our lives and impacts us.Apparently,we cant avoid the stress,but we can find various ways to deal with it.My suggestions are as below：1.go out for more

9、 fresh air2.enjoy the cosy sunshine3.Sleep is also a good choice4.have rest5.find confidence6.play computer plain to your close friends8.Listen to the light music9.Women may go shopping while men may do sportsMainideasBy王汝杰Pressures from work,family and many other aspects act a more and more common

10、situation in our daily life.And this passage analyses what pressures will function and how to handle and transform pressures into motivation.13:leading into a common situation in our life when pressures come1.The structure of the passage:45:indicating suitable pressure making better work68:under too

11、 much pressure for a long period,chronic stress or burnout can result913:handling pressure starts in properly assessing your suitability 1418:exercise and advanced plan are good method to handle pressuresEverybody,just like you and me,is always worried about something or under kinds of pressure.This

12、 passage indicates us that too much pressure is bad for our mental and physical conditions.And first,we should assess properly our own suitability and capacity to a job.Then we should take every advantage of exercise and good plans to resist pressure.If we cant transform pressure into motivation now

13、,at least we could stop it from building up too much and finish our tasks as most as we could.2.What can we learn from the passage?:LanguagePointsBy戴自梁(Text4)Shamblemblvi.vi.蹒跚而行，拖着脚走，踉跄地走;n n(地方、事件或局势)混乱无序，凌乱不堪，一片狼藉SYN.SYN.Mess;disorder;untidye.g.1.The ships interior was an utter shambles.船里面一片狼藉2.

14、What a Shamble!好乱！3.The conductor shambled to the next carriage.售票员慵懒地拖着脚走向下一节车厢。Blokeblokn.俚人，家伙;男人;SYN.fellow;guyBloke-ish举止豪爽的e.g.He is a really nice bloke.他真是个好人。Meditatemdtetvi.沉思;打算;vt.深思;策划;SYN.be lost in thought;contemplate;reflect;on/upon sth e.g.1.沉思沉思;深思深思;仔细考虑仔细考虑He meditated on the prob

15、lem.他仔细斟酌着这个问题。2.（宗教中）冥想，默想，打坐语（宗教中）冥想，默想，打坐语I was meditating,and reached a higher state of consciousness.我在冥想，并进入了一个更高的意识境界。meditation meditation n.on/upon sth;meditativemeditative adj.a poemAdrenalinedrnlnn.n.肾上腺素;刺激物;激励因素;一阵兴奋（或激动）SYN.SYN.excitementget the flowingget the flowing 热血沸腾e.g.1.Theadre

16、nalinewillkeepyouawake.肾上腺素会让你保持清醒。2.Drinkingcaffeinetriggersthereleaseofadrenaline.喝咖啡会引起肾上腺素的分泌Burnoutb:natn.精疲力竭；劳累过度alsoburn-out烧毁;烧坏;筋疲力尽;筋疲力尽的人;SYN.bedeadbeat;bedoneup;exhausted;giveoute.g.1.Buteventuallyitforcedpeopletoworkmoreproductivelywhilereducingburnout.但最终这种做法提高了人们的工作效率，同时还降低人们倦怠情绪。2.J

17、obburnoutisaprofessionalpsychologicaldisease.职业枯竭是一种职业性的心理疾病。Compensationkmpnsenn.补偿(或赔偿)金e.g.Hereceivedoneyearssalaryascompensationforlossofoffice.他得到一年的工资作为失业补偿金。N(对不利事情的)补偿Ifsomethingissomecompensationforsomethingbadthathashappened,itmakesyoufeelbettere.g.1.Idendcompensationforfailure.我会停止对失败者提供补

18、偿。2.Shehasreceivednocompensation.她没有得到任何赔偿。3.Compensationisbecomingmoreshort-term.报酬周期也变得更短了。Diarrhoeadari:n.usediarrhea腹泻Theresultisdisease,particularlydiarrhea.就导致了疾病的产生，尤其是腹泻Fidgetfdtvi.坐立不安，烦躁;(由于紧张或无聊)摆弄，拨弄n.坐立不安的人,心烦意乱;adj.坐立不安的，不安定的withsthSYN.anxious;irritableFidgety.adj.restlesse.g.1.Brendaf

19、idgetedinherseat.伦达在座位上烦躁不安。2.Hefidgetedwithhistie他摆弄着领带。3.Liarsmaynoticeablyfidget,especiallyduringapauseintheconversation.说谎者会显得烦躁不安，尤其是在交谈的停顿时间里。4.Youresuchafidget!真是个坐不住的人Palpitationplptenn.心悸;心跳；v.Palpitatee.g.1.Butunknownpalpitationwillnotstop.而莫名的悸动不会停止。2.Thepalpitationisouronlyshouting.心跳是我们

20、唯一的呼喊。Doomsdaydumzden.世界末日;时作D-宗教（世界末日来临时的）最后审判日;任何审判日;遭灾之日;adj.世界末日的;预示灾难的;会导致广泛（或全面）毁灭的;Doomy.adj.显示灾难的，令人沮丧的predictions不祥的预测e.g.Onlystrictbirthcontrolcouldpreventdoomsday.严格的人口控制才能防止世界末日的到来。Sodoomsdaypredictionsarepremature因此世界末日的预测还为时过早Cravekrevvt.渴望，恳求，要求，需要;vt.恳求，请求;渴望;SYN.dyingto;hungry/thirs

21、t/longfor;aspiration;desire;eagere.g.1.Doyoucravemorecreativework?是不是渴望更有创造力的工作？2.Itincreasedthenationsculturalinfluencewhichchinasleaderscrave.这一切都提升了中国的文化影响力，而这正是中国领导人梦寐以求的Recruitmentrkrutmntn.征募新兵;补充;募集;SYN.Raise;collecte.g.Theyalsoadvisedonstaffretentionandrecruitment.他们也就如何挽留和招募员工的问题上提供了建议Deleg

22、atedletn.代表，代表团成员;vt.委派代表;授权给SYN.Represent;Onbehalfofe.g.Heplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的权力交给副手。Takethepicture,shownhere,ofadelegaterunningawayfromreporters.这幅照片拍摄到的是一位正在躲避记者采访的人大代表.Correlationkrlen,kr-n.相互关系;相关性;Correlate.v;Correlative.adjSYN.relevance;berelation;correlation;asso

23、ciatione.g.1.Diversificationdependsonreducedcorrelation.多元化是以降低的相关性为基础的2.Itsaprettygoodcorrelation.它们的关联性相当强。Knocknkn.短促的敲打（声）;爆震声;敲击声;敲门（或窗等）声;vi.猛烈敲击;与某物相撞vt.（心）怦怦跳;把撞击成（某种状态）;批评e.g.Yourlifespurposesolidifiesyourselfesteemandconfidenceinawaythatevenfailurecantknockyoudown.你的人生目标凝聚着你的自尊和自信，在某种程度上甚至

24、连失败也无法击垮你。Theyheardaknockatthefrontdoor.他们听到前门有人敲门。Ialwaysknockfirst.我一般会先敲下门。相关词组：at/on/againststh敲击：sthonthehead阻止/停止做;sth/sbdown推/打倒,说服Knock-oneffect连锁反应Anecdotalnkdotl:adj.轶事的;趣闻的;多轶事的;含轶事的;Anecdote.n;Anecdotally.adve.g.Inthefaceofintuitionandanecdotalevidence,itisalwaysgoodtolookatthedata.为了不受直

25、觉和道听途说来的证据的左右，求助于数据总不会错。Rectifyrktfavt.改正，校正;Rectifiable.adj;Rectification.n;SYN.Correct;cure;revise;updatee.g.1.OnlyanactofCongresscouldrectifythesituation.只有国会法案才能矫正这种形势。2.OnceIrealizedthis,Iimmediatelybegantorectifythesituation.我一意识到这一点，立即就开始纠正这种情况。Duedu,djuadj.adj.预定;适当的;应有的;由于;n.应有的权利，应得到的东西;ad

26、v.直接地e.g.1.Thecountryseconomicproblemsarelargelyduetotheweaknessoftherecovery.该国的经济问题很大程度上是因为复苏乏力。2.Theresultsaredueattheendofthemonth.预计月底会有结果。3.Afterdueconsiderationitwasdecidedtosendhimawaytolivewithfosterparents.充分考虑之后决定将他送到养父母那儿生活。4.IreckonImdueoneofmytravels.我想我就要开始我的一次旅行了。5.正Theyheadedduenort

27、h他们朝正北方向行进了。6.在适当的时候;到一定的时候Induecoursethebabywasborn.婴儿足月降生了。Framefremn.框架;镜框;组织;边框;vt.陷害;设计;表达;使适合（某一特殊用途）;adj.，有构架的;1.Hesuppliedhousebuilderswithmoderntimberframes.他给房屋建筑商提供了现代的木构架。2.Hewaswearingnewspectacleswithgoldwireframes.他戴了一副新的金边眼镜。3.Thepictureisnowreadytobeframed.这幅画现在可以加框了。4.Theswimmingpo

28、olisframedbytropicalgardens.泳池周围都是栽种热带花卉的花园。5.Thestoryisframedinaformatthatispartthriller,partlovestory.情节的展开模式既像惊险小说，又像爱情故事。6.Afterthewar,aconventionwassetuptoframeaconstitution.战后，为制定宪法组织了一次会议。7.Weneedawintokeepusintheframeforthetitle.要想保住夺冠希望，我们还需要再赢一场比赛。subtlestladj.微妙的;敏感的;狡猾的;巧妙的;1.不易察觉的;不明显的;

29、微妙的Theslowandsubtlechangesthattakeplaceinalllivingthings.发生在所有生物身上的缓慢而细微的变化2.机智的;机巧的;狡猾的Ievenbegantoexploithiminsubtleways.我甚至开始巧妙地利用他。Subtly.NThetruthissubtlydifferent.事实略有不同。Wechangesubtlyallthetime.我们每时每刻都在发生细微的变化。LanguagePointsBy奈博文(Text13)Distraction n.dstrkn(1)分心的事，注意力分散的事情;E.g.I find it hard

30、to work at home because there are to many distraction.（我发现在家里工作很难，因为有太多的烦心事）Phrase:1、To distraction（到心烦意乱的地步）E.g.The children are driving me to distraction today.（今天孩子们闹得我心烦意乱）2、With distraction（心不在焉地）E.g.He listened with distraction.(2)娱乐，消遣；E.g.TV can be a welcome distraction after a hard days wor

31、k.(辛苦一天之后，看电视有时是很美的逍遣）Synonym：entertainment娱乐 pastime消遣 amusement乐趣，娱乐 recreation娱乐entertainment则指的是一些供人们消遣,解除单调、厌倦的事物和活动；pastime指空余时间的娱乐活动,往往不具有什么内在的价值或意义,常指消遣,很多情况下可以和hobby通用;amusement的基本意思是指轻松、琐碎、没有什么目的的消遣活动,引申可指游乐场所、游乐设施,是可数名词,常用复数形式。recreation强调改变环境以调节生活节奏或在紧张的工作之后放松一下。Take a toll on 产生负面影响；造成损

32、失 Phrase:take a heavy toll on sb;take its toll on sb(sth)E.g.(1)illness had taken a heavy toll on her.（疾病对她的身体造成了极大地损害）(2)The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.（经济衰退使住房市场遭受了重大损失）toll n.1、通行费 2、（战争灾难）造成的伤亡人数；3、钟声 v.敲、鸣Competent adj.kmptnt(1)足以胜任的；有能力的；称职的足以胜任的；有能力的；称职的 E.g.Make sure

33、 the firm is competent to carry out the work.（要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。）Her drawing is competent,but her composition is poor.（她的画有功力，但布局欠佳。）Synonym：capable，efficient，adequate(2)尚好的，合格的，有资格的尚好的，合格的，有资格的 He was a highly competent jet pilot.（他是一位非常合格的喷气式飞机驾驶员）Synonym：qualified，eligible(3)有决定权的；有决定权的；The case w

34、as referred to a competent authority.（事情已经交给有关当局处理了）Competence n.echnicalcompetence技术工作能力acquiregaincompetenceThejudgehastoactwithinthecompetenceofthecourt法官必须在法庭的权限范围内行使权力Bereaved 丧失亲友的丧失亲友的 brivd adj.E.g.The ceremony was an ordeal（折磨）for those who had been recently bereaved.（这个仪式对于那些新近丧失亲友的人来说是一种折

35、磨。）bereave v.bereavement n.Ethos 民族精神；道德思想（意识）；气质民族精神；道德思想（意识）；气质 is n.E.g.An ethos of public service （公共服务意识）syn:（气质）temperament mettle habitude gaseity schesisswitch off 不再想着；不再注意；失去兴趣 E.g.The only time he really switches off is when were on vocation.（只有在我们外出度假时，他才真的无牵无挂）switch sth off 关（电灯、机器等）E.

36、g.How do you switch this thing off?switch sb off 使停止谈话=stop(someone)talking Switch that fellow off!（别让那个家伙再讲下去）jump in（1）匆忙行动，急于（不假思索）做某事 E.g.Jumping in solving problems for themselves may seem like a caring thing to do.（2）打断谈话 E.g.Before she could reply,Peter jumped in with an objection （她还没来得及回答，彼

37、德就迫不及待的表示反对）（3）跳入，一步进入E.g.You have to jump in the lake to save that boy Jump at sth 迫不及待的接受、欣然接受 Jump on sb 批评、责备某人 Jump out at sb 极易引起某人的注意 syn:leap out atBuffer bf(r)n.起缓冲作用的人，缓冲器E.g.Support from family and friends acts as a buffer against stress （家庭和朋友的支持有助于减缓压力）v.buffer1、保护，使不受伤害、影响E.g.They trie

38、d to buffer themselves against uncertainties （他们试图不让自己受不确定因素的影响）Synonym:protect、conserve、safeguard2、减少、减缓 e.g.to buffer the effects of stress on health Sore s(r)adj(1)疼痛的，酸痛的e.g.My stomach is still sore after the operation （手术后，我的胃仍然在疼）(2)气愤、愤慨；愤愤不平e.g.Dont get sore.I didnt mean it!（别生气，我不是故意的！）SYN:

39、indignant furibund wrathful A sore point （心病；疼处；伤心事）e.g.Its a sore point with Sues parents that the children have not been baptized yet（孩子们自今未受洗礼，这是休父母的一件伤心事）n.痛处、伤处、疮sorely adv.严重的；非常 I was soerly tempted to complain Statistics sttstks 统计学 n.e.g.There is a compulsory course in statistics （有一门统计学的必修

40、课）I happen to have the official statistics with me.（我碰巧身边有官方的统计数字）n.statistic 统计数字；统计资料adj.statistical statistical analysis 统计分析 statistician 统计学家、统计员SummerizingBy王 欣Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than escape from it.RelaxationThank You