2015高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧.ppt

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1、阅阅读读理理解解解解题题技技巧巧有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:命命 题题 类类主主旨旨大大意意事事实实细细节节 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 推推 理理 判判 断断 作作 者者 的的 态态 度度 意意 图图主旨大意型主旨大意型 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。标题或目的设题。一、常见题干一、常见题干Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepass

2、age?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Whatisthe(main)purposeofthisarticle?Thepurposeofthepassageis_.Whatsthetopicofthearticle?Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.二、如何做主旨大意题二、如何做主旨大意题1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有主旨大意题属于归纳概括

3、题。如有标题标题，标题标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句读首句抓大意抓大意读尾句读尾句抓大意抓大意读首尾段读首尾段抓大意抓大意3.)无明显主题句时无明显主题句时高频信息词高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的反复出现的中心词，即高频词中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词也叫做主题词

4、。抓住了它，。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。Text 1People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of

5、 spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在）主题句在段首段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头开头，其后的句子，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在则是论证性细节。在议论文议论文，科技文科技文和和新闻报道新闻报道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。Text2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotell

6、sthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在）主题句也会出现在段尾段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证层层推理论证，最后自最后自然得出然得出结论结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在想在结尾句结尾句得到体现得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

7、它是此段内容的结论。Text3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid.“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（3 3）首尾呼应首尾呼应为突出主题为突出主题,作者先提出主题作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主结尾时再次点出主题题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见这种首尾呼应

8、的写作方式也较为多见.通常通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的后面的表述往往有表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味进一步的引申或发展的意味.Text4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofacloseti

9、seasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4 4）在短文）在短文中间中间当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出通常前面只提出问题问题，文中的文中的主题主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的而后又作进一步的解释解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.Text5A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the por

10、t area with motorway system As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two

11、air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the tunnel,The wall is made up of four main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roug

12、hly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface.Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.(5)从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最

13、明显的特点之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即现的中心词，即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词Text5 The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of two railways D.the design of two tunnels 注意标志词注意标志词1)关注一些表关注一些表强调转折强调转折关系的连词关系的连词but,yet,however,infact,indeed等等2)关注一些表征关注一

14、些表征总结性，结论性总结性，结论性的词：的词：onthewhole,inbrief/short,aboveall,afterall,allinall,inconclusion,inaword,inshort,asaresult,therefore,thus等等3)如果主题句有如果主题句有show,indicate和和suggest等词，等词，重点看其后的重点看其后的宾语从句宾语从句。1.Lung canceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflung

15、cancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLung Cancer Organization.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis_.A Apractice选项特点1.以偏概全以偏概全 某个具体事实、细节或评论。某个具体事实、细节或评论。2.主观臆断主观臆断 自己的观点或从文中片面推出自己的观点或从文中片面推出的错误结论。

16、的错误结论。3.无关信息无关信息 非文章事实非文章事实。(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；或是主题句的理解而归纳概括出来的；或是主题句的同义转换。同义转换。4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause o

17、ther health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?What is the main idea?A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错误结论片面推出的错误结论某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节Thank You!