2016高考英语复习名词.ppt

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1、专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破怎么怎么考考 1.1.主主要要考考查查考考生生结结合合语语境境区区分分词词义义的的能能力力；2.2.名名词词的的一一词词多多义义与与熟熟词词生生义义；3.3.语语篇篇填填空空及及短短文文改改错错中中，主主要要涉涉及及名名词词的的单单复数、名复数、名词词的固定搭配、主的固定搭配、主谓谓一致等。一致等。怎么学怎么学 在在记记忆忆单单词词时时，一一定定要要结结合合语语境境体体会会其其意意义义。掌掌握握名名词词的熟的熟词词新新义义重在多重在多阅读阅读、多、多积积累。累。怎么怎么解解 理解上下理解上下语语境，明析考境，明析考查查目的，然后确定答案。目的，然后确

2、定答案。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破.体体验验考考向向 用所给词的适当名词形式填空。用所给词的适当名词形式填空。1.1.(2015(2015江江 苏苏 卷卷)Some Some schools schools will will have have to to make make _(adjust)in _(adjust)in agreement agreement with with the the national national soccer soccer reform.reform.2.2.(2015(2015江江苏苏卷卷)Go and say sorry to yo

3、ur MomGo and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Dave.Id Id like like toto，but but Im Im afraid afraid she she wont wont be be happy happy with with my my _(apologize)._(apologize).专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破3.3.(2015(2015浙浙江江卷卷)One One of of the the most most effective effective ways ways to to reduce reduce _(s

4、tressful)is _(stressful)is to to talk talk about about feelings feelings with with someone you trust.someone you trust.4.4.(2015(2015湖湖北北卷卷)When When he he was was running running after after his his brotherbrother，the the boy boy lost lost his his _(balanced)and _(balanced)and had had a a bad bad f

5、all.fall.5.5.(2015(2015安安徽徽卷卷)There There is is no no need need to to tell tell me me your your answer answer now.now.Give Give it it some some _(think)and _(think)and then then let let me me know.know.专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破.语语境感悟境感悟Two Two _1 1_ _(月月)agoago，I I had had dinner dinner at at _2 2_ _(M

6、r.White)(Mr.White)with with two two _3 3_ _(主主编编)and and three three _4 4_ _(英英雄雄).During).During the the dinnerdinner，White White talked talked a a lot lot about about his his _5 5_ _(experience)(experience)in in AmericaAmerica，where where he he ran ran a a _6 6_ _(magazine)(magazine)store store wi

7、th with his his _7 7_ _(22(22岁岁的的)son son and and they they met met with with many many difficulties.difficulties.He He gained gained his his _8 8_ _(wealth)(wealth)by by printing printing works works of of famous famous writers.writers.After After the the dinnerdinner，he he made made five five _9 9

8、_ _(tea)(tea)for for us.us.In In my my viewview，I I thought thought Mr.White Mr.White focused focused too too much much on on success success because because he he didnt want to be a _didnt want to be a _1010_(fail)._(fail).专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破答案1.months名词的复数。2.Mr.Whites名词后加s表示住所或营业场所。3.editors-in

9、-chief复合名词的复数形式的变化以核心名词为主。4.heroeshero，tomato，potato，negro以o结尾的名词复数加es。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破5.experiencesexperience表“经验”时是不可数名词；而表“经历”时，是可数名词。6.magazine名词作定语，表示类别。7.22-year-old复合名词作形容词时，核心名词无复数。8.wealth抽象名词无复数形式。9.teas物质名词转换为普通名词有复数形式。10.failure抽象名词具体化表“失败的人”。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破.正反探究正反探究1.1.【误误】

10、There There is is fierce fierce competition competition between between the the three three shoes shoes shops in the street.shops in the street.【正正】There There is is fierce fierce competition competition between between the the three three shoe shoe shops in the street.shops in the street.解析解析此处指商店的

11、性质，用名词的单数形式作定语。此处指商店的性质，用名词的单数形式作定语。2.2.【误】【误】He works in a child hospital.He works in a child hospital.【正】【正】He works in a childrens hospitalHe works in a childrens hospital解解析析有有些些名名词词作作定定语语表表示示名名词词的的适适用用范范围围时时，习习惯惯上上用用名名词词复复数数的的s s 所所有有格格形形式式。如如：a a childrens childrens magazine(magazine(a a magaz

12、ine magazine for children)for children)；mens clothes(mens clothes(clothes for men)clothes for men)。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破3.3.【误误】The The manager manager has has got got a a good good business business ideaidea，so so the the company is doing pany is doing well.【正正】The The manager manager has has got

13、got a a good good business business sensesense，so so the the company is doing pany is doing well.解解析析idea idea 指指对对某某件件具具体体事事物物的的看看法法或或想想法法，显显然然不不符符合合语语境境。SenseSense意识，意识，感。感。4.4.【误】【误】By all means By all means，you must try every mean to help him.you must try every mean to help him.【正】【正】By all mean

14、s By all means，you must try every means to help him.you must try every means to help him.解解析析means means 是是一一个个单单复复数数同同形形的的名名词词。换换句句话话说说，在在表表示示“方方式式，方方法法”时时，不不存存在在 mean mean 这这一一形形式式(mean(mean 主主要要用用作作动动词词，表表示示“意意思思是是”；也也可可用用作作名名词词，表表示示“中中间间，中中庸庸”)。means means 用用作作主主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定

15、。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破.考考点确点确认认一、可数名一、可数名词词的数的数1.1.可数名可数名词单词单数数变变复数的复数的规则变规则变化化可数名可数名词词的复数形式通常是在的复数形式通常是在单单数数形式形式词词尾后加尾后加-s s或或-eses，规则规则的复数构成形的复数构成形式如下：式如下：专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破2.2.有有些些名名词词复复数数形形式式不不是是以以加加s s或或eses构构成成，它它们们的的不不规规则则

16、构构成成形形式如下：式如下：专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破二、名二、名词词词词形形变变化化专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破三三.名词词类的转化。这是高考的命题热点。名词词类的转化。这是高考的命题热点。1 1物质名词转化为可数名词。物质名词转化为可数名词。He prefers He prefers coffee

17、 coffee to to teatea.(.(泛指的咖啡，不可数泛指的咖啡，不可数)What would you like to drink?What would you like to drink?A coffeeA coffee,please.,please.（一杯咖啡）（一杯咖啡）Longjing isLongjing is a famous tea a famous tea in China.(in China.(茶的种类茶的种类,可数可数)2.2.抽象名词转化为可数名词。抽象名词转化为可数名词。FailureFailure is the mother of is the mothe

18、r of successsuccess.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念）失败与成功在此为抽象概念）As a teacher,she is As a teacher,she is a successa success,but as a mother,she is,but as a mother,she is a failure a failure because she devotes little time to looking after because she devotes little time to looking after her child.(her child.(成功者，失败者，

19、可数成功者，失败者，可数)专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破beautybeauty(美，美貌)-a beautya beauty(一个美人或美物)dangerdanger(危险)a dangera dangerfailurefailure(失败)a failurea failurehonourhonour(光荣)an honouran honour(带来荣誉的人或事)mustmust(必须)a musta must(一件必要的事或物)pitypity(遗憾)a pitya pity(一件可惜的事)(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)专专 题题 探探 究究考考

20、 点点 突突 破破serviceservice(服务)a servicea service(一个服务机构)successsuccess(成功)a successa successsurprisesurprise(惊奇)a surprisea surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)pleasurepleasure(乐趣)a pleasurea pleasure(一件有趣的事)worryworry(担心)a worrya worryexperienceexperience(经验)an experiencean experience(一次经历)(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)(一件令人担心的事或一个令人

21、担忧的人)专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(glass(玻璃玻璃 )copper(copper(铜铜 )tin(tin(锡锡 )paper(paper(纸纸 )iron(iron(铁铁 )wood(wood(木头木头 )gold(gold(金子金子 )youth(youth(青春青春 )power(power(力量力量 )beauty(beauty(美美 )pleasure(pleasure(愉快愉快 )relation(relation(关系）关系）a glass(a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯

22、)a copper(a copper(铜币板铜币板 )a tin(a tin(罐头，听头罐头，听头 )a paper(a paper(报纸，证件，论文报纸，证件，论文 )an iron(an iron(熨斗熨斗 )a wood(a wood(树林树林 )a gold(a gold(金牌金牌 )a youth(a youth(年青人年青人 )a power(a power(大国大国 )a beauty(a beauty(美人，美的东西美人，美的东西 )a pleasure(a pleasure(使人感到愉快的事使人感到愉快的事 )a relation(a relation(亲戚）亲戚）专专 题题

23、 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem(a poem(一首诗一首诗 )a machine(a machine(一台机器一台机器 )a job(a job(一件工作一件工作 )a laugh(a laugh(一个笑声一个笑声 )a permit(a permit(许可证许可证 )a garment(a garment(一件衣裳一件衣裳 )a bag(case)(a bag(case)(一件行李一件行李 )a loaf(a loaf(一只面包一只面包 )a hair(a hair(一根头发一根头发 )poetr

24、y(poetry(诗歌总称诗歌总称 )machinery(machinery(机器总称机器总称 )work(work(工作工作 )laughter(laughter(笑声笑声 )permission(permission(允许允许 )clothing(clothing(衣裳总称衣裳总称 )luggage,baggage(luggage,baggage(行行李李 )bread(bread(面包面包 )hair(hair(头发头发)专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破1 1在在名名词词词词尾尾加加ss主主要要表表示示所所属属关关系。以下情况应特别注意：系。以下情况应特别注意：复复合合名名词

25、词所所有有格格在在复复合合名名词词词词尾尾加加s s。例如：例如：her soninlaws photoher soninlaws photo。四四 名名词词的格的格 专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破如如果果一一个个事事物物为为两两个个人人共共有有，则则只只在在最最后后一一个个名名词词后后加加s s；如如果果是是分分别别所所有有，两两个个名名词词后后都都要要加加s s。例例如如：Tom Tom and and Marys Marys father(father(共共有有)；Toms and Marys fathers(Toms and Marys fathers(分分别别所有所有)

26、。在在表表示示“某某人人家家”或或者者“店店铺铺”的的名名词词所所有有格格时时，后后面面一一般般省省略略它它所所修修饰饰的的名名词词。例例如如：at at my my uncles(uncles(在我叔叔家在我叔叔家)；at the tailors(at the tailors(在裁在裁缝缝店店)。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破2.2.用用“名名词词ofof名名词词”构构成成的的名名词词短短语语表表示示两两个个名名词词间间的的所所有有关关系系，多多用用于于无无生生命命的的东东西西。例如：例如：the computer of tomorrow(the computer of tom

27、orrow(未来的电脑未来的电脑)。3.3.表表示示时时间间、度度、量量、衡衡时时，人人们们习习惯惯在在这这些些名名词词后后加加s s。如如：three three hours hours walk(walk(三三小小时时的的散散步步)。4.4.注注意意名名词词双双重重所所有有格格的的表表达达形形式式。例例如如：a a friend of my fathers(friend of my fathers(我父亲的朋友中的一个我父亲的朋友中的一个)。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破D D 。考查名词作定语。考查名词作定语。teatea为无生命的名词为无生命的名词,可用普通可用普通格作定

28、语修饰另一名词格作定语修饰另一名词,表表示功能或用途。示功能或用途。He dropped the _ and broke it.A.cup of tea B.teas cupC.cup for tea D.tea cup五五 名词作定语名词作定语专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破名词作定语名词作定语,只只有少数名词使用有少数名词使用复数形式。复数形式。a sports meetinga sports meetinga clothes shopa clothes shopa customs officera customs officera sales plana sales plan

29、 名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的。词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的。1 1.物质构成，如物质构成，如:a steel bridge,paper money;a steel bridge,paper money;2 2.用途，如用途，如:a coffee cup;a coffee cup;3 3.时间，如时间，如:an evening paper;an evening paper;4 4.地点，如地点，如:city life,country life,country music;city life,country life,c

30、ountry music;5 5.种类，如种类，如:office work;office work;6.6.内容，如内容，如:body language,the film industry;:body language,the film industry;7.7.身份，如身份，如:a student cadre;:a student cadre;8.8.性别，如性别，如:a boy/girl student:a boy/girl student。警警 示示专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破a man engineer a man engineer men engineers;men

31、engineers;a woman teacher a woman teacher women teacherswomen teachers。A A。名词。名词ChinaChina作定语时表示产作定语时表示产地地,所有格所有格ChinasChinas 表示属于中表示属于中国的国的;形容词形容词ChineseChinese表示中国表示中国的的;所有格所有格ChinesesChineses指中国人指中国人的。根据语境可知，此处指中的。根据语境可知，此处指中国所产的茶叶国所产的茶叶,故选故选A。Mr.Brown took some _teaMr.Brown took some _teahome fo

32、r Peter,his close friend.home for Peter,his close friend.A.A.China B.Chinas China B.Chinas C.Chinese D.ChinesesC.Chinese D.Chinesesmanman和和womanwoman作定语时有数的变作定语时有数的变化化-随其修饰的中心词而变化。随其修饰的中心词而变化。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破名词、形容词、名词所有格均可作定语，其区别如下：名词、形容词、名词所有格均可作定语，其区别如下：1 1.名词作定语时名词作定语时,表示中心词的内容、材料、身份、产表示中心词

33、的内容、材料、身份、产地、目的等。如地、目的等。如:a stone housea stone house用石头建的房子；用石头建的房子；a st-a st-udent leaderudent leader学生领袖（指身份还是学生）学生领袖（指身份还是学生）;China silkChina silk中国产的丝绸等。中国产的丝绸等。2 2.形容词作定语时，表示中心词的性质、状况。如：形容词作定语时，表示中心词的性质、状况。如：the Chinese languagethe Chinese language汉语。汉语。3 3.名词所有格作定语时名词所有格作定语时,表示用途、目的、起源、所有表示用途、

34、目的、起源、所有（者）等。如（者）等。如:Johns carJohns car 约翰的汽车约翰的汽车;a girls schoola girls school一所女子学校；一所女子学校；a childrens hospitala childrens hospital一所儿童医院。一所儿童医院。专专 题题 探探 究究考考 点点 突突 破破C C。manman和和womanwoman作定语时作定语时需要根据其后面名词的形式需要根据其后面名词的形式使用相应的单复数形式使用相应的单复数形式;shoe;shoeshopshop意为意为“鞋店鞋店”,故答案为故答案为C C。There are 10 _ assistants in There are 10 _ assistants in that _ shop.that _ shop.A.A.woman;shoe B.women;shoeswoman;shoe B.women;shoesC.women;shoe D.woman;shoesC.women;shoe D.woman;shoes