2014高考英语知识点专项复习-语法：直接引语和间接引语.ppt

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1、直 接 引 语间 接 引 语1直接引语：直接引语：直接引述别人的话，前要加引号.间接引语：间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号.在多数情况下构成宾语从句.例例.John said,“I like reading story books.”John said that he liked reading story books。间接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语变为间接引语间接引语 1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 变为间接引语时,连接词用that,在口语中可省略.引述动词用said,told等.句型:S-V-thatS-V-that从句从句从句从句.注意注意:可以说 said that从

2、句,said to sb.that从句,told sb.that从句,但不可说told that从句.2 He said,“Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room.He said to us,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.若直接引语中没有间接宾语,变为间接引语时可加可加一个间接宾语,如 me,him,her,theu,you,us 等.但用told间

3、接引语主句的谓语动词时必修加间接宾语,句型:S told sb.从从句句.加间接宾语 me无间接宾语间接宾语 us代词指向代词指向3时态变化化 直接引语直接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时 间接引语间接引语一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在将来变过去现在将来变过去,过去变过去完成过去变过去完成,过去完成不变过去完成不变.4人称变化人称变化一一随随主主二二 随随 宾宾 三三 不不 变变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said,“I

4、 like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.5 2.直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句 变为间接引语时,连接词用if或whether,而引述选

5、择疑问选择疑问句句时只能用whether,疑问语序变为陈述语序,引述动词用asked,句型:S-V-S-V-if/whetherif/whether从句从句从句从句.She said to Tom,“Can you help me?”She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.1.She said to me,“I broke your CD player.”She told me that she had broken my CD player.2.He said to her,“I broke your CD player.”He told her

6、 that he had broken her CD player.二随宾一随主6 “Is this room yours or his?”He asked me whether this room was mine or his.He said to me,“I am learning English now.”He said to me that he was learning English then.3.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时,连接词用特殊疑问句的疑问词,疑问语序变为陈述语序.句型:S-VS-V疑问词疑问词疑问词疑问词从句从句从句从句.The te

7、acher said,“What are you doing now?”The teacher asked me what I was doing then.加间接宾语加间接宾语 me无间接宾语无间接宾语代词指向，二随宾间接宾语间接宾语 me He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.加间接宾语 me无间接宾语不加间接宾语me也可7时间变化时间变化next=followingbefore=earlier8 He said,“Ill give you an exa

8、mination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.加间接宾语 us无间接宾语 “Who is here?”he asked.He asked who was there.地点状语变化地点状语变化 He asked,“Which school are you in?”He asked me which school I was in.He asked which school I was in.here there加间接宾语 me无间接宾语二随宾二随宾不加间接宾语me也可9

9、“Why do you tell me the answer to this question?”She asked why I told her the answer to that question.指示代词变化指示代词变化 this that these those this that these those注意注意 如果直接引语是“Whats thematter?”“Whats wrong?”“Whats the trouble?”,变间接引语时语序不变语序不变。He said,“whats the matter with you?”He asked me whats the matt

10、er with me.10 He asked,“How are you gettingalong?”He asked us how we were getting along.加间接宾语 us无间接宾语二随宾 He said,“We shall start tomorrow.”He said they would start the next day.“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.Jack asked me if I knew Rick had been ill in b

11、ed for many days till he died.过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时加间接宾语 me无间接宾语 He asked,“How far is How far is it it from from herehere to to youryour home home?”He asked how far it was from therethere to mymy home.三不变11 4.4.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句 变为间接引语时,将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。据语气不同语气不同引述动词有tell,ask,order,beg,advise 等,句型：t

12、ell/ask/order/beg/advise sb.(not/never)to do sth.“Make sure the door is shut,”she said to her little son.She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.“Dont cry any more,”he said to his little brother.He asked his little brother not to cry any more.He said to the boy,“Come here,young man!”H

13、e asked the boy to go there.方向动词变化12 I said to him,“Lets start at once.”I suggested to him that we should start at once.I suggested starting at once.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest doing sth./that we should do sth.”应该 “Dont leave the door open after midnight,”said Mother.Mother told me not

14、to leave the door open after e go bring takecome go bring take方向动词变化方向动词变化 He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He ordered the boys not to make so much noise.135.直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句变为由 that/what/how that/what/how 引导的宾语从句 He said,“How happy I am!”He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was

15、.He said,“What a fine day it is!”He said what a fine day it was.He exclaimed that it was a fine day.He said,“How fine the day is!”He said how fine the day was.14 “Youve already got well,havent you?”she asked.She asked whether I had already got well(康复).6.直接引语为反意疑问句直接引语为反意疑问句 变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句。15直

16、接引语变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变 1.1.直接引语主句动词为一般现在时直接引语主句动词为一般现在时,一般将来时或现一般将来时或现在完成时在完成时,变为间接引语,从句时态不变.She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.主句主句从句从句:“”:“”部分部分 2.直接引语的“”部分有具体具体的过去过去时间状语:过去某年,某月,某日时,变为间接引语,时态不变.Xiao Wang said.“I was

17、 born on April 2l,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.省略that16 She said,“I went there when I was six years old.”She said she had gone there when she was six years old.3.直接引语的“”部分有以when,while,since引导的表示过去的时间的时间状语从句时,时间状语从句的时态不时间状语从句的时态不变变.4.直接引语的“”部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不

18、变。The boy said to us,“I usually get up at six every day.”The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.省略that17 She said to me,“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.5.5.直接引语的从句的谓语动词有情态动词直接引语的从句的谓语动词有情态动词 must,need,ought to,used to,had better,would rather,情态动词的过去时(should,might)等时 “I

19、 should try my best next time.”Jack thought.Jack thought he should try his best the next time.注注:must must/had to 6.直接引语的“”部分是谚语、格言时 18 The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when thetemperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below

20、 0.7.7.直接引语的从句为客观不变的真理直接引语的从句为客观不变的真理 The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.8.8.直接引语的从句为历史上事件直接引语的从句为历史上事件19在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化；2.注意人称变化；3.注意指示代词的变化；4.注意时间的变化；5.注意地点的变化；6.注意个别趋向动词的变化。20