英美概况-美国概况ppt课件.ppt

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1、Survey of the U.S.Survey of the U.S.1TheU.S.A2contentsvPartone:GeographyvParttwo:History3GeographyvChapterI:ageneralintroductionvChapterII:populationvChapterIII:thefiftyStatesvChapterIV:thedevelopmentofAmericanEconomyvChapterV:themaincities4HistoryvChapterI:colonizationofNorthAmericavChapterII:theAm

2、ericanWarofIndependencevChapterIII:thegrowthoftheNationvChapterIV:theAmericanCivilWarvChapterV:theU.SImperialism&WWIvChapterVI:AmericaBefore&DuringWWIIvChapterVII:ThepostwarAmerica5TheNamesforthecountry&thepeopletheUnitedStatesofAmericatheUSAtheUnitedStatestheU.S.AmericaUncleSamBrotherJonathanYank(Y

3、ankee).6TheNationalFlag&Anthem1.NationalFlag:theStar-SpangledBanner:Meaning:the50whitestarsthe13stripes2.NationalAnthemthestar-spangledbanner星条旗永不落7TheNationalEmblem1.theflyingwhiteeagle2.thecrown3.13stars4.olive-branchandarrows5.ayellowribbonepluribusUnum6.nationalflag87.thewhiteeagle/Americaneagle

4、strengthcouragefreedomimmortal“thekingamongbirds”.8.theEmblemstandsfor:Independencecouragepower9vPartIPhysicalGeographyChapterI:ageneralintroduction1.ThreeGeographicalDivisions2.ThethreeMajorRiverSystems3.Climate4.NaturalResources5.Territory10Location11Totalarea:9.37msq.kmthe4thlargestcountryPopulat

5、ion:300millionConsistsof:50statesafederaldistrict-theDistrictofColumbia12Topography.13Scenicspotsinthewest.1.TheYellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming;2.TheGrandCanyon,Arizona;3.YosemiteNationalPark,California;4.Redwoodsforestsalongthecoastline;5.TheDeathValley,California;142.theThreeMajorRiverSystem&thefi

6、veGreatLakes.1)theGulfsystem:2)theAtlanticsystem:3)thePacificsystem:4)theGreatLakes15TheGulfSystem:1.theMississippiRiver2.twomaintributaries:Missouri&Ohio16TheAtlanticSystem:1)HudsonRiver2)DalawareRiver3)thePotomacRiver4)St.LawrenceRiver17ThePacificSystem:1)ColumbiaRiver2)ColoradoRiver18TheGreatLake

7、svLakeSuperiorvLakeMichiganvLakeHuronvLakeErievLakeOntarioSMEHO193.Climate1)Themainfeature:variedtemperatezone&mildsubtropicalzone2)FromEasttoWest:A.Northeastcoast&theGreatLakesareas:temperateB.Southeast&theGulfplain:subtropic20C.TheCentralplain:continentalclimateD.thewesternplateaus:E.thePacificcoa

8、stalareas:F.Alaska:G.Hawaii:213)Disastrousweather1)Hurricane2)tornado3)snowstorm224.Naturalresourcesrichindeposits:forestry:waterpower:23Richdeposits1.fuel:coaloilnaturalgas2.Ferrous&Nonferrousmetals:ironorecopperzinc:24forestry1.1/4oftheterritory;2.Northwesternpacificcoast:90%3.TheNorth:4.TheSouth:

9、25WaterresourcesColumbiaRiver&ColoradoRiver:theOhioriverTheGreatLakes&StLawrenceRiver:26TerritoryTheexpansionofitsTerritory.27ChapterIIPopulationvThecompositionofthepopulation:vThedistributionofpopulation:vThecharacteristicsofthepopulation:281.Complexcomposition:1)ThenativeAmerican2)Thewhite:80%3)Th

10、eblack:4)Mexicans:5)PuertoRicans6)Japanese,Philippines,Chinese292.Theunevendistribution:1)Atlanticcoastalareas:2)thefiveGreatLakes3)thePacificcoast;4)theGulfofMexico3.Thecharacteristicsofthepopulation:1)diversity-culturalpluralism2)uniformity(assimilation)languagehabits&waysoflivingideas,idealsandob

11、jectives-a“MeltingPot”301.TheNewEnglandRegion:2.TheMiddleAtlanticRegion:3.TheSouthRegion:4.TheMidwestRegion5.theRegionoftheGreatPlain6.theWestRegion:7.Alaska8.Hawaii9.Overseascolonies*ChapterIIItheFiftyStates31TheNewEnglandRegion:SixstatesMaineNewHampshireVermontMassachusettsConnecticutRhodeIslandMa

12、ineNHVermontMassachusettsConnecticutRI32vTheMiddleAtlanticRegion:6statesNewYorkNewJerseyPennsylvaniaMarylandDelawareWestVirginiaNNJNYPAWVDelawareM33vTheSouthRegion:11statesVirginiaNorth&SouthCarolinaGeorgiaFloridaKentuckyTennesseeAlabamaArkansasMississippiLouisianaVirSCNCGeoFloAlaMisTennesKentuckyLo

13、uisArkan34vTheMidwestRegion:8statesOhioMichiganIndianaIllinoisWisconsinMinnesotaIowaMissouriOhioMichiganIndianaIllinoisWisconsinMinnesotaIowaMissouri35vTheRegionoftheGreatPlains:6statesNorthDakotaSouthDakotaNebraskaKansasOklahomaTexas36vTheWestRegionthemountainstates:4thegreatplateaustates:4thePacif

14、icCoaststates:337vthemountainstates:4MontanaWyomingColoradoNewMexicoMontanaWyomingColoradoNewMexico38vthegreatplateaustates:4IdahoUtahNevadaArizonaIdahoUtahNevadaArizona39thePacificCoaststates:3WashingtonOregonCaliforniaWaOrCa40v7.Alaska41vHawaii42v9.OverseasColonies:GuamEasternSamoaPuertoRicoandthe

15、VirginIslands43ChapterIIIAmericanEconomy1.MajorfactorscontributetotheU.S.fasteconomicgrowth:2.Agriculture3.Industry4.Maincharacteristics441.WhatarethemajorfactorscontributetotheU.S.fasteconomicgrowth?geographic:historic:governmental:452.AmericanAgriculture1)worldsleadingexporterofagriculturalproduct

16、s2)highlymodernizedandintensified3)animportantsectorinnationaleconomy4)majorcrops463.Industry1)theleadingindustrialcountryintheworld;2)Majorindustries:p284.Mainfeaturesofitseconomy1)Highlymonopolizedfeaturingbigcorporationsp272)Smallenterprisesareveryimportantandessentialp2847ChapterIVtheMainCities1

17、.WashingtonD.C.7.Houston2.NewYorkCity8.SanFrancisco3.Chicago9.Boston4.LosAngeles10.Pittsburgh5.Philadelphia11.St.Louis6.Detroit48WashingtonD.C.1.ThepositionthecapitaltheheadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem2.location.3.thename:4.theCapitalHill,theCapitol.&theWhiteHouse.495.Placesofi

18、nterestvTheNationalMall.vTheWashingtonMonumentvTheLibraryofCongressvTheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumvtheLincolnMemorialvJeffersonMemorialvPotomacRiver50ThemapofWashingtonD.C.n51Capitol.52TheNationalMall.53TheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum54LincolnMemorialbyPotomacRiver55JeffersonMemorial.56WashingtonMonument

19、byPotomacRiver57MapofNewYork58TheStatueofLiberty59WallStreet60WorldTradeCenter61Broadway62TimeSquare:63RockefellerCenter64GuggenheimMuseum65MetropolitanMuseumofArt66BronxZoo67GreenwichVillage68WashingtonArchinWashingtonSquare:69TheFifthAvenue70MadisonStreet71Chicago1.location2.Position3.History72Los

20、Angeles1.location:2.Position:3rdlargestcity:-shipping,industry,communicationcenter-aviationcenter:-electroniccenter-filmcenter:7374Philadelphia.1.Location2.Position1)historicsignificance-thebirthplaceofthenation-“thecityofbrotherlylove”-majorhistoricalspots:2)commerce,finance&culturecenter75Detroit1

21、.LiesontheDetroitriverbetweenLakeHuron&Erie2.“themotorcity”76HoustonSpaceCityofU.S.Avlocationvposition-industrialcentreoftheSouthWest-spacecity-Agriculturecenter77SanFrancisco78vLocationvposition-principalgatewaystotheEast-chiefportandfinancialcenter-birthplaceoftheUNorganization-largestChinesesettl

22、ement79Boston1.location2.position-amajorseaport-acitywithglorioushistory-largestmarketofwool,shoe&leatherindustries-famousuniversities80PittsburghvUpperpartofOhioRivervSteelcity81St.Louisvlocationvposition-gatewaytotheWest-2ndlargestmotorcity-withhighlymodernized&specializedindustries-richinnaturalr

23、esources-inlandnavigation&transportationcenter-internationaltrade&financialcentervhistory82PartIIAmericanHistoryChapterI:ColonizationofNorthAmericanChapterII:theAmericanwarofIndependenceChapterIII:theGrowthoftheNationChapterIV:theAmericanCivilWarChapterV:theU.S.ImperialismandtheWWIChapterVI:AmericaB

24、efore&DuringtheWWIIChapterVII:ThePostAmerica83ChapterI:ColonizationofNorthAmerica1607-1776v1.NativeAmericanv2.thediscoveryofAmericav3.colonizationofNorthAmerica841.NativeAmericanvOriginatedfromAsiavNamevLivedintribeswithkinshipasthebasis:vGoodatdecorativeart:vLivedonhuntingandfarmingvMajorcrops:851.

25、twoimportantfigures:ChristopherColumbus*AmerigoVespucci*2.ThediscoverofAmerica863.ColonizationofNorthAmerica1)theearlyexplorations:A.theSpanishexploration87B.Englishexploration:vHenryVII(15thC)vElizabethage-FrancisDrakevthefirstsuccessfulcolonyJamestown,Virginia,in1607;vtheeasternshoresofthepresentU

26、.S.88C.FrenchexplorationSt.Lawrenceriver,thegreatlakes,thewholeMississippivalleythefirstpermanentcolony:Quebec:D.Dutchexplorations:HudsonRiverManhattan89French exploration&English exploration.902)ThefoundingoftheThirteenColonies:A.ReasonsthatdrewpeopletoAmerica:insearchofwealthpriestsspreadingChrist

27、ianityrefugeforpoliticaldissentersthethirstforadventure91B.Threesections:thesoutherncolonies:themiddlecolonies:thenorthcolonies:92Theoriginal13colonies93Middlecolonies.94ThePuritanvAroseinlate16thC;vPurifythecorruptionsinRomanCatholicChurchaswellasoneslifeandname;vSimplifyCatholicceremoniesvLookupon

28、fun&pleasureassinfulvIntolerantinnaturevGreatinfluenceonbothBritain&theU.S.95ThePilgrimsandtheMayflowervPlymouth,Massachusetts,1620961.Theorigin:Plymouth,Massachusetts,Nov21,1621.Anationalholidayin18632.Intentionandmannerofcelebration:-churchesopentogivethanksforGodsgenerosity-Thanksgivingdinner:-Th

29、anksgivingparade:3.AdayofcelebrationandfamilyreunionThanksgiving973)ColonialLifeA.everydaylife:shelter:caves,logcabin:clothing:simpleandrough:food:plentifulB.Education:-NewEngland-thesoutherncolonies-Harvardin1636&Yalein170198C.Religion-Congregationalistschurch-Episcopal-variousothersectsD.Governmen

30、t:agovernorineachcolonyrepresentstheKing*callthelegislature:*appointofficers*commanderofthecolony“militia”.99ChapterIITheWarofIndependence1.ThecontradictionbetweenBritain&colonies2.TheUnityofthecolonies3.ThefireofLexingtonandtheDeclarationofIndependence4.Progressofthewar&itsSignificance5.TheConfeder

31、ation&theConstitution1001.TheContradictions:1)growingpopulation&wealthresultsinlessdependenceonEngland2)Britainseconomicexploitation&strictpoliciesA.theStampActB.theTownshendActs3)resistanceandrepealingoftheActs:4)theBostonMassacre&committeesofcorrespondence5)theBoston“TeaParty”&“IntolerableAct”101v

32、2.theUnityofthecolonies:1)suppliestoBostonpeopleafterthe“IntolerableActs”2)thefirstContinentalCongress,17743)preparationsforwar-collectionforarms&ammunition-trainingmilitia102v3.TheFireofLexington&theDeclarationofIndependence1)thefirstshots,17752)theSecondContinentalCongress:-continentalAmy&Navyunde

33、rthecommandofGeorgeWashington-assumethefunctionofanationalgovernment103v3)drafting&adoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence,July,4,1776A.content:-listgrievancesagainstBritishKing;-explainthephilosophybehindtherevolution:B.significance:-markedthebirthofanewnation:theUnitedStates104*menhaveanaturalright

34、to“life,liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness”*governmentscanruleonlywith“theconsentofthegoverned”*anygovernmentmaybedissolvedwhenitfailstoprotecttherightsofthepeople.105TheDeclarationofIndependencevWe,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheunitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralcongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSuprem

35、eJudgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofourintentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlypublishanddeclare.106ThattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates;thattheyareAbsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthema

36、ndtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofright107v独立宣言独立宣言v我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、力，谨庄

37、严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。此完全废止。v-摘自摘自独立宣言独立宣言108Later,JohnHancockreferstosomeonessignature,so“yourJohnHancock”meansyoursignature.“yourJohnHancock”1094.progressoftheWar:1775-17831)theWarin

38、thenorth:thebattleofTrentonThebattleofMonmouth2)TheturningpointoftheWarthevictoryofSaratoga:3)HelpfromFranceagreatdiplomaticandmilitaryvictory.110SaratogaBattlevTime:1777vGeneralBurgoynev.sGeneralHoratioGates1114)TheWarintheWest5)TheWarintheSouth:-Yorktownbattle:6)TreatyofParisSep,3rd,1783.CanadaFlo

39、ridaMississippi112YorktownBattlevTime:1781vCornwallisv.sWashingtonAmerican-FrenchAlliance1135.Thesignificance:p696.TheConfederationandtheConstitution:1)Confederationperiod,1783-17892)themakingoftheConstitution,1787A.thebackground:B.thestructureofthegovernment:theexecutivethejudicialthelegislativeHou

40、seofRepresentativeSenate114C.TheBillofRights:FederalistsAnti-federalistsJohnHamilton.ThomasJeffersonTheFirstTenAmendments-theBillofRights.3)Thefirsttwopoliticparties:theFederalistsv.stheRepublicans.115twoaspectsofAmericanpolitics:-theneedforastrong,efficientcentralauthority-theneedtoensureindividual

41、liberties.116ChapterIIIthegrowthofthenation1.WashingtonsAdministration&theFederalistsgovernment2.JohnAdams&theoverthrowofFederalists3.ThomasJeffersonsAdministration4.TheWarwithEngland1812-145.theAdministrationofJamesMonroe&JohnAdams6.AndrewJacksonsAdministration&theU.S.MexicanWar1171.WashingtonsAdmi

42、nistration&theFederalistsgovernment:1)theinauguration2)theestablishmentofCabinet&theSupremeCourt3)measuresstrengtheningcentralgovernment&theconflictsbetweenFederalistsandRepublicans2.JohnAdams&theoverthrowofFederalists1183.JeffersonsAdministration1)thefirstpresidentinauguratedinWashington2)tookmeasu

43、restodeveloptheyoungnationboughtLouisianafromFrance1194.TheWarwithEngland1812-14-theSecondWarofIndependence1)Thebackground2)Results:TreatyofGhent3)Significance:1205.theAdministrationofJamesMonroe&JohnAdams-threeimportantissues:1)slavery:2)MonroeDoctrine3)thePoliticalQuarrelbetweenE&W1216.AndrewJacks

44、onsAdministration&theU.S.MexicanWar1)AndrewJacksonsAdministration:A.backgroundB.theroleJacksonplayed*promotingtheprogressofeconomy*maintaintheunityoftheUnion*consolidatingthecapitalistregime1222)theU.S.-MexicanWar(1846-1848):A.cause:expansionismB.nature:anaggressivewarC.result:Mexicolosthalfofitsterritory123