定语从句和课后翻译.ppt

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1、1.Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.2.HangZhou is a famous city in China,where many people come to buy tea.3.I dont know the reason why she got so angry.4.You are talking to the old man who saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.The old man,who

2、 you are talking to,saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.5.The woman remembered the day when she saw Nazis burying something near her home.6.St Petersburg is a very beautiful city,which was once called Leningrad./St Petersbury,which is once called Leningrad,is a very beautifu

3、l city.7.I remember the soldier who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.8.The soldier moved the boxes to a mine,where they wanted to hide them.9.Xian is one of the few cities whose city walls remain as good as before.10.Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked a

4、fter.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性与先行词的关系非常紧密，它所限制性与先行词的关系非常紧密，它所修饰的先行词代表一个或一类特定的人修饰的先行词代表一个或一类特定的人或物，说明先行词的性质，身份，特征或物，说明先行词的性质，身份，特征等，如果去掉，意思会含糊不清。翻译等，如果去掉，意思会含糊不清。翻译时常译为时常译为定语定语A nurse is a person who looks after peoples health.This is a kind of plant which adapts to living in dry conditio

5、n.非限制定语从句起补充作用，缺少也不非限制定语从句起补充作用，缺少也不会影响对全句的理解，在非限制性定语会影响对全句的理解，在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有从句的前面往往有逗号逗号隔开，若将非限隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开，翻译时常译为需要用逗号隔开，翻译时常译为并列句并列句。Yesterday he left for China,where he would stayed for two years.Toms father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.使用

6、非限制性定语从句的情况：使用非限制性定语从句的情况：1当先行词指代整个主句的内容时当先行词指代整个主句的内容时(这时这时从句谓语动词要用第从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数三人称单数）2 She said she had succeeded in the exam,which I doubted very much.2.当先行词指的是世界上当先行词指的是世界上独一无二独一无二的事的事物或物或专有专有名词名词,被被物主代词物主代词和和指示代词指示代词所所修饰时修饰时We all honor and respect Albert Einstein,who is the greatest physicis

7、t in the world.My house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.注意：关系代词注意：关系代词 that 和关系副词和关系副词why 不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句3.先行词指的是某一个人先行词指的是某一个人仅有的仅有的一个一个亲属时亲属时 My father,who is an excellent violinist,is giving a concert next month.4.当出现

8、当出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/百分数百分数/分数分数/形容词最高级形容词最高级+of whom/which时时I have three brothers,two of whom are workers.几种特殊形式的定语从句：几种特殊形式的定语从句：1 分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句 为了某种特殊需要，为了某种特殊需要，定语从句与先行词分隔开的定语从句，定语从句与先行词分隔开的定语从句，二者之间可以被介词短语，同位语，谓二者之间可以被介词短语，同位语，谓语动词分隔开来语动词分隔开来I was the only person in my offic

9、e who was invited.The professor is sleeping who has just come back.In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.2.插入式定语从句插入式定语从句（在关系代词和定（在关系代词和定语从句中插入一个句子）语从句中插入一个句子）I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.He made

10、another great discovery,which I think is very important.This is Mr White,who I think has something interesting to tell you.3.省略式定语从句（介词省略式定语从句（介词+关系代词关系代词+不不定式，可与介词定式，可与介词+关系代词关系代词+定语从句转定语从句转换）换）注意：主句的主语必须和不定式的注意：主句的主语必须和不定式的逻辑主语一致，否则不可省略。逻辑主语一致，否则不可省略。She has a lot of things with which to deal with

11、.(=with which she should deal)I had only 10 yuan with which to buy her a present.4.多重定语从句（即两个以上的定语从多重定语从句（即两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词）句同时修饰一个先行词）注意注意“在这种在这种从句中，第二个及以后的所有关系代词从句中，第二个及以后的所有关系代词不可省略，否则可能产生歧义不可省略，否则可能产生歧义He said he would never forget the moment when he first met Tom and which he regarded as the

12、happiest in his life.5.关系副词关系副词where之前一般不加介词，之前一般不加介词，但但from where是个列外，这时是个列外，这时where 指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词They stood near the north window,from where we had a good view of the whole garden.6.关系代词关系代词than 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Fewer people than we had expected were present.You spend more money th

13、an was intended to be spent.(超过预定数额）超过预定数额）7 no(never,not)+先行词先行词+but(准关系准关系代词）代词）=that.not=whonot 没有不。没有不。样的。样的There was no man but admired him(=no man who didnt admire him)There is no difficulty but may be smoothed away=no difficulty that may not be smoothed away.8.当先行词是当先行词是case,condition,situati

14、on,position,point,stage等名等名词并在定语从句中做相当于地点状语，词并在定语从句中做相当于地点状语，表示情况，方面，处境时，关系副词表示情况，方面，处境时，关系副词用用whereIll show you the point where you fail.He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，也可放于句中，句末，which在句中。As we know,smoking is

15、harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.1）Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he 答案此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。