COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & OPERATING SYSTEMS.ppt

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1、INFT 13-312/73-312COMPUTER ORGANIZATION&OPERATING SYSTEMSPresented by:Erica Santosaputri-12606283YiQian Wang-12621927(Jackie)Qi Zhang-11090869Why dual-systemsBut Linux is faster,cheaper,more efficient,more stableSome application software are not available For Linux(eg.Quicken,TurboTax,Adobe Acrobat,

2、Atomica)For WindowsWindows problems(next slide)Problems with Windows OSMost factory-installed Windows installations take up all the space on your hard drive,leaving no room for installing Linux.Therefore,we must clear some space where Linux can be installed.Linux needs to have partitions of its own,

3、but Windows does not have the ability to resize partitions.Ordinarily,this would mean you would have to delete your existing partition to make room on the drive and create partitions of smaller sizes and reinstall.How to install dual-OS systemsInstall two hard disks,one for Windows,one for Linux.Par

4、tition one hard disk,so it has multi operating system upon it,which can be DOS,Win95,Win98,Win NT,or Win2K with Linux.In Two Hard DisksOne hard disk install the dos/windows,another one install Linux.When turn on the computer,go to CMOS to choose which hard disk(operating system)should be used to boo

5、t.Partition in One Hard DiskWhy partition-Different file system.The Linux use native partition and swap partition.But Linux can not use either FAT or NTFS yet.Linux and other operating system must be installed in different partition.How to Partition One Hard DiskUse Fdisk to divide a hard disk,which

6、 does not have any operating system.A hard disk with windows system already,use FIPS to RESIZE the hard disk.(defragment the hard disk before use FIPS,back up system recommended)A hard disk with Linux system already.Boot Linux by Bootdisk,then re-run Lilo to overwrite the windows boot program.About

7、FIPSLinux distributions come with a special tool to allow you to resize or divide hard drive partitions.FIPS,the First(non-destructive)Interactive Partition Splitter,normally found on your Linux CD in a directory called/dosutils.You will also need a blank,formatted floppy disk to use as a boot disk.

8、InstallationLinux FirstWindows FirstInstalling Linux FirstA hard disk with Linux system already.Boot Linux by Bootdisk,then re-run Lilo to overwrite the windows boot programInstalling Windows firstInstall the windows system in one partition first(except the last partition).Linux system should instal

9、l in the last partition.Boot with windows system,then the Linux partition can not be seen.Installing Windows first(Cont)Make a Bootdisk when installing Linux.When installed the Linux,the system will ask user choose the Lilo installation.Installing Windows first(cont)Master Boot Record.First Sector o

10、f Boot Partition.Installing Windows first(cont)The master boot record will go to Lilo.The user can choose operating system by use the tab.Installing Windows first(cont)The First Sector of Boot Partition will use the Bootdisk to boot computer into Linux.Normally the computer will boot with c:.The Win

11、NT/Win2K OS loader can be used to choose different OS.(MS-DOS,Window9x).How to Dual Boot?Using LILOUsing OS loaderUsing a third software as emulator or communicatorBoot with LiloLInuxLOader Most Linux can detect the windows partition.However,sometimes need to edit the/ect/lilo.conf as root userEdit/

12、ect/lilo.confboot=/dev/hdaroot=/dev/hda2install=/boot/boot.bmap=/boot/mapimage=/boot/vmlinuzlabel=Linuxread-onlyother=/dev/hda1label=windowstable=/dev/hdaEdit/ect/lilo.conf(cont)Thesectionlabeledothermayneedtoaddbyhand./dev/hda1isthefirstpartitiononanIDEdisk(C:,inWindows).Thesecondpartition(D:,inLin

13、ux)wouldbe/dev/hda2Boot with Lilo(cont)LILOaccomplishesstartsystembyreadingaconfigurationfile(/etc/lilo.conf)Aftermodificationstolilo.conf,mustrunaprogram(/sbin/lilo)toactuallywritethosechangestothebootsectoroftheharddrive.Boot with Lilo(cont)If the windows system is win95 or win98 it should work.If

14、 the windows system is winNT or win2K,the change should make in the windows side.Boot with OS loaderThe NT OS loader likes to have the boot sector from the other operating systems available as a file.It reads this file and starts the operating system selected,i.e.either Windows NT in different Modes

15、 or any other OS.Boot with OS loader(cont)In the win NT side,edit the file c:boot.ini.Remove the read-only-attribute before modify with following:C:attrib-s-r c:boot.ini Add C:BOOTSECT.LNX=Linux in the file.Boot with OS loader(cont)Restore the attributes after you have saved boot.ini with:C:attrib+s

16、+r c:boot.iniRestart Boot with OS loader(cont)What you can see now:OS Loader V4.00 Please select the operating system to start:Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0 Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0 VGA mode Linux Select Linux and see LILO loading zImage.Third softwareWineWin4LinVMwareBochs Third soft

17、ware(cont)Partition magicBoot magicGRUBBoot PartDisk DrakeWineFeatureIt is not an emulatorone of the oldest examples of such software Open source packageImplements the Windows 3.1 and Win32 APIs directly under Linux and XWineAdvantagesCost effectiveEasy to installCan run either with or without parti

18、tionWineDisadvantages:Supporting not many application softwareCannot be run on a kernel an unhandled exception and hung.WineHardware Requirementsrequires an Intel or compatible processorWineWhen to useJust need to run Windows programs occasionallyWineInstallationhttp:/www.la-sorciere.de/wine/index.h

19、tmlWin4LinFeaturesVersion 3.0runningWindowsapplicationsonLinuxInstallation of it actually installs Windows for youWin4LinAdvantagesRelatively fast installation processCost efficiencyWin4LinDisadvantagesComplicate installationWin4LinWhen to useNeed to run a large range of Windows programsNeed a more

20、faithful Windows environment but can live with Windows 9xDo not need to use Windows NT or Windows 2000Win4LinHardware&Software RequirementsIntelPentium-classorcompatibleprocessorrecommended32MBofmemory(64MBrecommended)CD-ROMdriveFloppydrive(ifyourWindowsinstallationCDisnotbootable)20MBdiskspaceforWi

21、n4Lin40MB-135MBadditionaldiskspaceforWindowssystemfilesAdditionaldiskspacerequiredforapplications.SoundcardsthatareOpenSoundSystem(OSS)compatibleWin4LinSoftware Requirements:Linuxkernel2.2.Xor2.4.XMicrosoftWindows95/98(onelicenseperuser)MicrosoftWindows95/98fullinstallationCDandbootfloppydiskifCDisn

22、otbootableXWindowSystem(16-bitcolorrecommended)RootuseraccessWin4LinSupporting Linux Red Hat Linux-6.0,6.1,6.2,7.0,7.1CalderaTM OpenLinux-2.3Caldera eDesktop-2.4,3.1SuSETM Linux-6.4,7.0,7.1Linux-MandrakeTM-7.1,7.2,8.0SupportingWindowsMicrosoftWindows95/98Win4LinInstallationInstall the custom kernelI

23、nstall Win4Lin run“install-win4lin.sh”Install RPM(perform that step as root)Install Windows on your system using the“winsetup”command(perform that step as root)Set up a personal copy of Windows 9x again,using the winsetup commandVMwareFeaturesProvides a very complete virtual machine environment that

24、 emulates an Intel x86-based computer,Runs under either Linux or Windows NT as the host operating system VMwareWhen to useNeed to run Windows NT or Windows 2000Need Windows applications that require Microsoft Windows NetworkingVMwareAdvantagesVMware provides much extra functionalityVMwareDisadvantag

25、esExpensiveVMwareHardware RequirementsStandardx86-basedhostmachine266MHzorfasterprocessorthatsupportsthePentiuminstructionset,includeIntel:PentiumPro,Celeron,PentiumII,PentiumIIIAMD:K6-2,K6-III,Athlon(K7)MultiprocessorsystemssupportedRAMmemoryMinimum:96MB;recommended:128MBVideoadaptersupportedbytheX

26、Free86Server(totakeadvantageoftheWorkstationfull-screenoption)VMwareSpecial requirement when having Windows OS firstGreaterthan256color(8bitdepth)displayadapterrequiredOptionalEthernetadapter(requiredforbridgedmodenetworking)VMware(for Linux)Installation(Cont)1.InstalltheWorkstationsoftwareandlicens

27、e.2.ConfigureanewvirtualmachineusingtheConfigurationWizard.3.Installaguestoperatingsysteminthenewvirtualmachine.4.InstalltheVMwareToolspackageinsideyourvirtualmachineforenhancedperformance.5.Startusingyourvirtualmachine.VMware(for Windows NT and 2000)Installation1.InstalltheWorkstationsoftwareandlic

28、ense.2.ConfigureanewvirtualmachineusingtheConfigurationWizard.3.Installaguestoperatingsysteminthenewvirtualmachine.4.InstalltheVMwareToolspackageinsideyourvirtualmachineforenhancedperformance.5.Startusingyourvirtualmachine.Bochs FeaturesBochs 1.2.1(released on June 12,2001)dual hard drive support,mu

29、ltiple processor emulation(SMP),and VNC remote viewer mode.a highly portable open source x86 PC emulator.It includes emulation of the Intel x86 CPU,common IO devices,and a custom BIOSBochsWhen to useNeed to run Windows on a platform such as Alpha,Power PC,or SparcBochsAdvantagesHigh development pote

30、ntialMandrakeSoft has bought Bochs,and committed it to open source(LGPL)in order to help the development of the Plex86 project(an open source PC virtualization software program which will allow users to run multiple operating systems concurrently on the same machine)BochsDisadvantagesBug reporthttp:

31、/ Requirements 400MHz processor At least 64MB of RAM BochsInstallationBoot#cd/usr/ports/emulators/bochs&make install clean Change to VGA fonts,If you have a recent FreeBSD 4.X source tree(after June 30,2000),the font is included with the source,and you just have to do the following before running Bo

32、chs:%xset fp+/usr/libdata/doscmd/fonts BochsInstallation(Cont)If you dont have a source tree from after June 30,2000,youll have to do the following:1.Fetch this file.2.Run the following commands as root:#uudecode cp437-8x16.pcf.gz.uu cp437-8x16.pcf.gz#cp cp437-8x16.pcf.gz/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/mis

33、c/#mkfontdir/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/#xset fp rehashBochsConfigurationcreate a virtual hard drive image file.The image size depends on the CHS number(Cylinders,Heads,Sectors)of the virtual hard drive.configure/.bochsrc fileMore details:http:/www.freebsdzine.org/200104/bochs.php3Partition Magic

34、Partition Magic is a hard-drive partitioning software for desktop systems,allows you to safely and easily create,resize and merge partitions on your hard drive without destroying data.Partition Magic helps organize and protect your data,run multiple operating systems,convert file system types and fi

35、x partition table errors.http:/ Partition Magic?Safely manage multiple operating systems Organize and protect the information on your hard drive Includes easy step-by-step wizards to create partitioning tasks Ability to view pending operations before implementing them Flexibility to convert from one

36、 file system or partition type to another Includes support for FAT,FAT32,Linux ext 2,Linux SWAP,NTFS,and HPFS partitions Partition MagicAdvantagesSplit PartitionsUndelete PartitionsWindows Tree and Multiple Disk ViewDrag and DropPassword ProtectedBoot Disk BuilderSystem RequirementsMinimum Requireme

37、nts486DX Processor 16MB RAM 12MB Hard-Disk Free Space Windows 3.1/95/98/NT 4.0 or DOS 5.0 or above OSVGA MonitorRecommended Requirements586 or above Processor 32MB RAM(additional required for FAT32 support on hard drives larger than 4 GB)12MB Hard-Disk Free Space(8MB additional required for BootMagi

38、c)Windows 3.1/95/98/ME/2000/NT 4.0 or DOS 5.0 or above OSSuper-VGA Monitor Microsoft mouse(or compatible pointing device)Boot Magic Boot Magic is a software that enables you to switch between multiple operating systems in safe and easy way.Boot MagicAdvantagesSafely run multiple Operating Systems on

39、 the same PCGraphical interface-Manage multiple operating systems in a comfortable,easy-to-use environment Mouse and keyboard support-utilize either mouse or keyboard operation for maximum flexibility Native DOS and Windows configuration-change menu items and start up options for all your OSs while

40、in DOS,Windows 95/98 or NT Boot Magic(cont)AdvantagesIntegrated with partitioning software-combine PartitionMagic for a complete hard-drive solution Hide/Unhide partitions-automatically hide partitions not being used by the OS you select at boot time Enable/Disable boot mode-have the option of autom

41、atically booting to default at start up Emergency bootable floppy-added security of an emergency disk for hard-drive conflicts and crashesSupported Operating SystemsWindows 95/98,NT3.51/4.0(server and workstation)Windows 3.x(must be installed with DOS 5 or later)MS-DOS 5.0 or later PC-DOS 6.1 or lat

42、er Open DOS OS/2 3.0 or later Linux BeOS Most other versions of DOS and PC-compatible OSsPartitionMagic and BootMagicDisadvantagesIt is not very well recommended to use PartitionMagic and BootMagic for partition and boot management in a Linux-Windows dual-boot system.Both softwares provide subsequen

43、t partition management operation.However,after these additional partition management operations,the Linux boot no longer worked.That strongly suggests that the partition management operations did something that messed up the Linux boot.GRUBEnable you to boot all operating systems without having to g

44、o through multiple menus.GRUB can hide primary partitions so that the other operating systems will not see it.You can use 3 partitions to install Windows OS and Linux,and the 4th partition is extended partition.GRUB How ToPreparing Boot FloppiesInstalling LinuxInstalling GRUBInstalling Windows 2000I

45、nstalling DOSThe final touchPreparing Boot FloppiesYou need 3 floppy disks.First one is DOS bootable disk.Copy fdisk.exe and sys.exe onto this disk.Use command:FORMAT/S A:COPY FDISK.EXE A:COPY SYS.EXE A:Use your second floppy disk to make a Windows 98 emergency disk and third floppy for GRUB.Install

46、ing LinuxInstall Linux Mandrake 7.2 but you need to use fdisk to partition your hard disk.Make sure you know how much disk space will each of the OS systems will take.Sample of Partition TableDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hda1 1 6 48163+16 Hidden FAT16/dev/hda2 7 19 104422+16 Hidden FAT

47、16/dev/hda3 594 3737 25254180 5 Extended/dev/hda4 594 848 2048256 6 FAT16/dev/hda5 849 2123 10241406 7 HPFS/NTFS/dev/hda6 2124 2140 136521 82 Linux swap/dev/hda7 2141 2523 3076416 83 Linux Whats next?First partition is for Windows 2000(around 10MG).This partition contains the file necessary to boot

48、NT such as boot.ini,ntldr,etc.NT will reside in partition 6 in my example.This partition is Hidden FAT16.The second partition is for DOS(around 100M).This is FAT16 too.Third partition is extended partition for the remaining of your hard disk.Whats next?(cont)Create a 2GB partition.This partitions is

49、 used to share data between all operating systems.Make sure that all the sum of all above partitions are less than 8GB.This is a DOS limitation.Next create your Windows 2000 partition,gave it 10G.If you demand speed,make it HPFS/NTFS partition.Next add your swap partition and Linux partition.Make sure you do not have a separate partition for/boot.Things look better in GRUB if you keep/boot in the root partition.Whats next?(cont)After you have installed linux go ahead and format the fat16 partitions:mkdosfs/dev/hda1 mkdosfs/dev/hda2 mkdosfs/dev/hda5 Installing GRUBInstall GRUB on floppy not on