成高专升本英语课件 句法.ppt

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1、句法Chapter 15 基本句型和句子成分l l基本句型：基本句型：1 1）SVSV（主（主+动）动）e.g.Fools seldom differ.e.g.Fools seldom differ.2)SVC(2)SVC(主主+联系动词联系动词+表语表语)e.g.They are newcomers.e.g.They are newcomers.3)SVO(3)SVO(主主+动动+宾宾 )e.g.Thinking requires practice.e.g.Thinking requires practice.4)SVOiOd(4)SVOiOd(主主+动动+间宾间宾+直宾直宾)e.g.The

2、 nurse gave him a penicillin shot.e.g.The nurse gave him a penicillin shot.5)5)SVOCoSVOCo(主主+动动+宾宾+宾补宾补)e.g.The parents consider the child a genius.e.g.The parents consider the child a genius.l lExercise:1 The early bird catches the worm.2 He assigned Jack the toughest job.3 Policemen are the guardi

3、ans of the law.4 We found John a loyal friend.5 The children spent much of their time on reading practice.l l英语句子的基本成分英语句子的基本成分 可分为主语（可分为主语（subjectsubject）和谓语）和谓语(predicate)(predicate)两部分。两部分。其中谓语部分包括谓语动词、表语、宾语（直宾其中谓语部分包括谓语动词、表语、宾语（直宾和间宾）、宾补、状语、定语、同位语、呼语。和间宾）、宾补、状语、定语、同位语、呼语。e.g.e.g.To be of some he

4、lp to youTo be of some help to you would be a great would be a great pleasure.pleasure.My favorite sport is My favorite sport is skatingskating.Jimmy,Jimmy,a singera singer,mademade a speech on the on the square.square.Tailor,my husband prefersprefers his trousers shortershorter.The first prize was

5、two notebooks.l l练习，指出下列句子各个划线部分是句子的什么练习，指出下列句子各个划线部分是句子的什么成分。成分。1 1 In factIn fact,her father used to drink and smoke,her father used to drink and smoke in his in his youthyouth.But he doesnt.But he doesnt nownow.2 The 2 The lazy younglazy young man looked man looked quite a different quite a diffe

6、rent personperson after the labor after the labor on the farmon the farm.3 3 ReadingReading is is learninglearning,and,and applyingapplying is also is also learninglearning.4 I dont remember 4 I dont remember where I put my key to the door where I put my key to the door after opening it.after openin

7、g it.Chapter 16 基本句式l l句子按用途来分类分成：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句子按用途来分类分成：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。句、感叹句。l l陈述事实或看法的句子称为陈述句。陈述句可分陈述事实或看法的句子称为陈述句。陈述句可分为肯定句和否定句。为肯定句和否定句。e.g.Scientists of that day considered his e.g.Scientists of that day considered his experiments to be without merit.experiments to be without merit.He doesnt me

8、an to hurt your feeling.He doesnt mean to hurt your feeling.We never expected you to be here at this time.We never expected you to be here at this time.Theres nothing like a holiday to make one feel Theres nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested.rested.l l疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。一般疑问句是

9、指用yes 或no来回答的句子。e.g.Have you noticed anything else strange?Did she invite any other guests to her party?Can you remember any advice he gave to you?特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词就句中某一特殊部分提特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词就句中某一特殊部分提问的问句，答话者针对特殊疑问词回答。特殊疑问的问句，答话者针对特殊疑问词回答。特殊疑问词有问词有who,whom,what,which,where,when who,whom,what,which,where,when

10、,why,how,why,how 等。等。e.g.Who would like to play tennis with me?e.g.Who would like to play tennis with me?Whose garden is the best one in the street?Whose garden is the best one in the street?Why are you so interested in my affairs?Why are you so interested in my affairs?How did she do that?How did s

11、he do that?What time will the train start?What time will the train start?反意疑问句是在句子后附加一简短的一般疑问句构成的问句，用以要求对方判断或证实所陈述的事，前、后两部分意思相反（前肯定，后否定 或者 前否定，后肯定）e.g.The foreigner can understand what you mean,cant he?The woman never offers help to them,does she?感叹句：感叹句：What a beautiful city What a beautiful city（i

12、t isit is）,isnt itisnt it?第二人称祈使句：第二人称祈使句：Please post the letter for me,Please post the letter for me,wont/cant/will/can/you?wont/cant/will/can/you?第一人称祈使句：第一人称祈使句：Lets give him some advice,Lets give him some advice,shall weshall we?选择题练习选择题练习：be quiet,everybody,be quiet,everybody,you?The meeting is

13、 going to you?The meeting is going to begin.begin.A Do,do B Dont,do C Dont,will D Do,will A Do,do B Dont,do C Dont,will D Do,will “None of them need do any work today,“None of them need do any work today,they?”“Yes,all of them they?”“Yes,all of them ”A neednt,need B mustnt,must A neednt,need B mustn

14、t,must C need,neednt D need,mustC need,neednt D need,must选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句。方择一回答的问句。1 1 一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+or+一般疑问句一般疑问句 Is it still raining or has it stopped?Is it still raining or has it stopped?Have you or your parents been there once?Have you or your parents been th

15、ere once?2 2 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 +省略的选择疑问句省略的选择疑问句 Who is reading there,Jack or tom?Who is reading there,Jack or tom?3 3肯定的一般疑问句肯定的一般疑问句 +or not+or not Have you sent the letter or not?Have you sent the letter or not?l l祈使句是表示命令、要求、请求等的句子，谓语动词用动祈使句是表示命令、要求、请求等的句子，谓语动词用动词原形。词原形。第一人称祈使句：第一人称祈使句：e.g.Let me take

16、a breath.e.g.Let me take a breath.Lets help you somehow.Lets help you somehow.第二人称祈使句：第二人称祈使句：e.g.Put down your gun!Hand up!e.g.Put down your gun!Hand up!Dont forget to bring your son next time!Dont forget to bring your son next time!第三人称祈使句：第三人称祈使句：e.g.Let each man decide for himself!e.g.Let each man decide for himself!Dont let them leave the place at night!Dont let them leave the place at night!l l感叹句是表示赞叹、惊异、喜悦等感情的句子 What a fine day it is!What a great hurry he is in!How fast he is!How fast the time flies!练习P169 综合检测试题 l l句子按结构来分类可分成简单句、并列句和复合句。