英国文学史1st week.ppt

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1、A History of British LiteratureUnit OnenOrientation:nA General Introduction to Literature and British LiteratureTasksnEnglish Language and Literature nThe Use of Literature nLiterature:Some Related Concepts nPossible Methods of Studying LiteraturenAn Introduction of British Literaturen Suggested Rea

2、dingsEnglish Language and Literature nThe need to study language&literaturenEnglish as major or toolnThe nature of literary language The Need to Study:nthe Use of English Language and LiteratureTwo views of English learningnEnglish as a technical language learned only for practical and professional

3、purposesnEnglish as a discipline of the humanities,one of the major fields of academic inquiry Express your opinionnDo you think English should be a major and a discipline of the humanities or nothing but a tool for practical ends such as finding a nice job in the future?English language and literat

4、urenboth a technical language becoming more and more important in our daily work and life,and a language for aesthetic enjoyment and high thinking Literature as Elevated Language nliterature as creative writing of artistic valuenDeliberate,deviated,creative use of languagena form of elevated languag

5、e,refined by writers of every generation,kept and handed down from one generation to another in the cultural tradition of every nation The nature of literary languagenEvolution of literary languagenLiterariness DefamiliarizationnRussian Formalist theorist Victor Shklovsky n语不惊人死不休语不惊人死不休Literature i

6、s useless?A dream told by an idiot?-Macbeth nThe course is not for immediate practical purposes nThe purposefulness of purposelessnessnThe usefulness of uselessnessLiterature and Language Competence nmake you more sensitive to the refined use of English languagendiversifies and enriches your ways of

7、 expression Literature and Human Wisdom nemotionally sensitivenintellectually sophisticated nand morally soundPessimism of intellect,optimism of will.(Antonio Gramsci)Freedom of thought(to criticize)reasonnEnlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred tutelage.Tutelage is mans inability to ma

8、ke use of his understanding without direction from another.Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another.“Have courage to use your own reason!”that is the motto of enlightenment.-Immanuel Kant“W

9、hat is Enlightenment?”nengages the reader in a complex set of emotional,symbolic,moral,intellectual,and social considerations nexplores the texture and meaning of human experience in a complex,compelling way,and leads us to insight and rich reflection,hence wisdom,concerning our lives and the nature

10、 of human experience nit was the writers duty to“help man endure by lifting his heart,by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.”（William Faulkner)n福克纳：文学使人的心灵变得高尚，使人的勇气、荣誉感、希望、尊严、同情心、怜悯心和牺牲精神复活起来n文学不能直接贡献

11、GDP，却可以直接制造幸福。Literature:Some Related Concepts nLiterature,History,Philosophy(Aesthetics)nChinese Literature and British Literature nLiterature:Ancient and Contemporary nLiterary historynLiterary criticismnLiterary theoryLiterature,History,Philosophy(Aesthetics)nAccumulation of historical memory:His

12、torical knowledge provides background knowledge for better reading (Bertrand Russell)nPhilosophical insights of generations:Philosophical wisdom helps think deeply about the meaning of a piece of work (Socrates,Plato,Aristotle)Chinese Literature and British Literature nBritish literature cannot be s

13、tudied independently of other national literaturesnA comparative and relational perspective nSome masters of comparative literature:钱锺书七缀集，钱锺书七缀集，范存忠范存忠中国文化在启蒙中国文化在启蒙时期的英国，乐黛云，张隆溪时期的英国，乐黛云，张隆溪Literature:Ancient and Contemporary nWhether reactionary to or inherited from works of before time,literary

14、history needs a historical consciousness.nDo you have any preference for literature in different periods?Both in Chinese and EnglishLiterary History nthe historical development of writings in prose or poetrynattempts to provide entertainment,enlightenment,or instruction,as well as the use of literar

15、y techniques in the composition of works of literature in a period of timeLiterary Criticism na view or opinion on what a particular written work means na description,analysis,evaluation,or interpretation of a particular literary work or an authors writings as a whole Literary theory nthe theory(phi

16、losophy)of the interpretation of literature and literary criticismnclassical Greek poetics and rhetoricnthe 18th century:aesthetics and hermeneuticsnThe 20th century:explosion of theory（critical theory）as an umbrella term for a variety of scholarly approaches to reading texts,informed by Continental

17、 philosophy(France and Germany)Methods for study literaturenstudy of literature:the study of human beings,their characters,their histories,their thoughts,their feelings,joy and sadness n文学文学=人学人学(Sigmund Freud 厨川白村的厨川白村的苦苦闷的象征的象征nAppreciation and study:no formulaFour approaches Formal approach(eleme

18、ntal approach)its internal relationships and the mechanism making a piece of writing literary plot,character,setting,point of view,symbol,style,and tone,meter,rhymeThematic approach theme:a works controlling idea,or its central insight into life human nature(selfishness,greed,vanity,jealousy,ambitio

19、n)Love and hate,marriage,peace and violence,alienation and death,society and individualBiographical Approach nStudying the authors life adds insights to our understanding of the work nThe style is the manHistorical and political approach Literature:Representation of life and society New Historicism:

20、history is a fiction because there are so many possible ways of telling the story of a time A re-interpretation of the literary cannonBritish Literature:A Brief Introduction nWhy British Literature rather than English Literature nGreat Britain:England,Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland.nBritish lit

21、erature:defined in terms of its geographical coverage(neutral)nEnglish literature:all literatures written in the English language,such as those produced in its former colonies regardless of ethnic,national identities Periods(arbitrary)nMedieval Literature(cf.5th century1485)epics,religion,poetrynThe

22、 Renaissance(late 15th centuryearly 17th century)humanismnLiterature of the 17th century Bourgeois revolutionnThe Enlightenment Period(the late 17th centurymiddle of 18th century)neo-classicismnThe Romantic Period(1798-1832)romanticismnVictorian Period(1830s-1918)realism nModernist Period(1918-1945)

23、modernismnContemporary(1945-)postmodernismWhat we do nmain literary schools and currentsnthe basic historical facts of authors biography and their literary careersnInterpretation ad analysis of works nand possible topics for your BA thesis Aim and Taskngeneral knowledge of English Literature for stu

24、dents in colleges and universitiesnto outline the development of the literature with due regard to national life,and to give appreciative interpretation of the work of the most important authorsnDivision of chapters:Chronology+genre Suggested Readings n王守仁王守仁.英国文学选读英国文学选读.北京北京:高等教育出版社高等教育出版社,2001.,2

25、001.n张伯香张伯香.A Course Book of English Literature.1997.武汉武汉:武汉大学出版社武汉大学出版社,2004.n陈嘉陈嘉.英国文学史英国文学史.北京北京:商务印书馆商务印书馆,1986.n王佐良王佐良.英国文学史英国文学史.北京北京:商务印书馆商务印书馆,1996.nSanders,Andrew.The Short Oxford History of English Literature.1994.Oxford:Oxford UP,2004.n牛津文学术语词典牛津文学术语词典 上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社,2000,2000.n M.H.Abrams,eds.The Norton Anthology of English Literature.7th edition.New York:W.W.Norton&Company,2000.