大学英语专业写作修辞手法介绍.ppt

《大学英语专业写作修辞手法介绍.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语专业写作修辞手法介绍.ppt（25页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 Figures of SpeechAnalogy Analogy is also a form of comparison,but Analogy is also a form of comparison,but unlike simile or metaphor,which usually unlike simile or metaphor,which usually concentrates on one point of resemblance,concentrates on one point of resemblance,analogy draws a parallel betwe

2、en two unlike analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.points of resemblance.The function of analogy differs also from that The function of analogy differs also from that of simile or m

3、etaphor.While the latter figures of simile or metaphor.While the latter figures serve to heighten effect with vivid imagery,serve to heighten effect with vivid imagery,analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or expositio

4、n persuasion or for the explanation or exposition of an idea.of an idea.The chess-board is the world;the pieces are The chess-board is the world;the pieces are the phenomena of the universe;the rules of the the phenomena of the universe;the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature.The g

5、ame are what we call the laws of Nature.The players on the other side is hidden from us.We players on the other side is hidden from us.We know that his play is always fair,just and patient.know that his play is always fair,just and patient.But also we know,to our cost,that he never But also we know,

6、to our cost,that he never overlooks a mistake,or makes the smallest overlooks a mistake,or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance.To the man who plays allowance for ignorance.To the man who plays well,the highest stakes are paid,with that sort of well,the highest stakes are paid,with that sort o

7、f overflowing generosity with which the strong overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength.And one who plays ill shows delight in strength.And one who plays ill is checkmatedwithout haste,but without is checkmatedwithout haste,but without remorse.remorse.T.H.T.H.HuxelyHuxe

8、lyMan vs Nature-who will win?Huxley uses the analogy of two players in a chess game to explain that Man will succeed only if he plays by the laws of Nature.Take an aerial photograph of Manhattan and reduce it three million times.You now have something that resembles the circuit of 6000-plus transist

9、ors that must be imprinted on a silicon wafer one-seventh of an inch square.Cover each transistor with a layer of insulation and connect them all with a thin path of aluminum.If there is a single defect,equivalent in scale to a one-foot pothole in the streets of Manhattan,the whole chip will be usel

10、ess.(Time,2.11.81)In this analogy,the complexity and precision needed in making microprocessors is explained.)ParadoxA paradox is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory,absurd or contrary to established fact or practice,but which

11、on further thinking and study may prove to be true,well-founded,and even to contain a succinct point.In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet,when Juliet,finding out who Romeo is,expresses her feelings in this way:(1)(1)Nurse:His name is Romeo,and a Montague,The only son of your great enemy.Juliet:My only l

12、ove sprung from my only hate Too early seen unknown,and known too late.Prodigious birth of love it is to me,That I must love a loathed enemy.Those who are unfamiliar with the play would think the statement“My only love sprung from my only hate”rather strange,for how could one love what one hates?But

13、 knowing the story they would find the paradox is used most effectively to express Juliets mixed feelings at the enormity of her act:that she has fallen in love with the son of the family she has been brought up to hate.In Wordsworths poem on the rainbow:My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in

14、the sky:So was it when my life began,So is it now I am a man,So be it when I shall grow old Or let me die!The Child is father of the Man And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety.Again,at the first reading,one is struck by the absurdity of the statement:The Child is father o

15、f the Man.How is that possible?On deeper study of the poem,however,one can deduce that Wordsworth meant that ones spiritual love of things natural begins from infancy and develops through manhood to death.It is a rounded process:“bound each to each by natural piety.”This profound thought could not h

16、ave been better expressed than by paradox.There is this quality,in things,of the right way seeming wrong at first.(John Updike:Rabbit,Run)The writer implies in this statement that there is a paradoxical quality in life,that sometimes what one does right may seem at first,to most people,wrong and unc

17、onventional,when it is really the correct thing to do.This suspense is terrible.I hope it will last.(Oscar Wilde)We usually dont wish something terrible to last,but Wilde is implying here that he really enjoys the suspense,and hopes it will last.SarcasmSarcasm is a bitter form of irony.It attacks in

18、 a taunting and bitter manner,and its aim is to disparage,ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.From Jonathan Swifts“A MODEST PROPOSAL From Jonathan Swifts“A MODEST PROPOSAL for preventing the Children of Poor People in for preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Bei

19、ng a Burden to Their Parents or Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country,and for Making Them Beneficial to the Country,and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public”:Public”:“I do humbly offer it to public consideration“I do humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred a

20、nd twenty thousand that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed,twenty thousand children already computed,twenty thousand may be reserved for breed whereof only one may be reserved for breed whereof only one fourth part may be reserved for males,Which is fourth part may be reser

21、ved for males,Which is more than we allow to sheep,black cattle,or more than we allow to sheep,black cattle,or swine That the remaining hundred thousand swine That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the may at a year old be offered in sale to the persons of qualit

22、y and fortune through the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom,always advising the mother to let them kingdom,always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render them plump and fat for a good table

23、 them plump and fat for a good table I rant this food will be somewhat dear,and therefore being proper for landlords,who,as they have already most of the parents,seem to have the best title to the childrenPunningTo pun is to play on words,or rather to play with the form and meaning of words,for a wi

24、tty or humorous effect.There are many words in the English language which look or sound alike,but have different senses,or connotations,e.g.1.1.Arms(part of the body)Arms(part of the body)arms(weapon)arms(weapon)A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway)A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway)2.See(verb,to sight)2.See(ve

25、rb,to sight)see(noun,a bishops diocese)see(noun,a bishops diocese)sea(noun,a vast expanse of water)sea(noun,a vast expanse of water)3.Row(verb,to row a boat)3.Row(verb,to row a boat)row(noun,a row of houses)row(noun,a row of houses)row(noun,a noisy quarrel,pronounced/row(noun,a noisy quarrel,pronoun

26、ced/raurau/)/)There are also words which have more than one basic meaning,or have developed figurative meanings.1.1.Bridge(a wooden bridge)(a dental bridge)2.2.Power(authority,force)(energy,as in electric power)3.3.Table(a dining table)(a table of numbers,a time-table)AntanaclasisThis device involve

27、s words or word phrases having the same sound and form,but with two or more distinct meanings.Such words are called homonyms.Ben Battle was a warrior bold,And used to wars alarms:But a cannon-ball took off his legs,So he laid down his arms.(Thomas Hood:“Faithless Nelly Grey)Celia:I pray you bear wit

28、h me;I cannot go on further.Touchstone:For my part,I had rather bear with you than bear you;yet I should bear no cross if I did bear you;for I think you have no money in your purse.(W.Shakespeare:As You Like It)To bear with means to be patient with,while bear you means to carry on ones back.It is be

29、tter to live rich tan to die rich.(Samuel Johnson)To live rich is to live fully;to die rich is to die leaving lots of money,to die wealthy.English has always broken loose from the English,just as Latin broke loose from the Romans.(Malcolm Bradbury)The first English refers to the language;the second

30、to the English people.ParonomasiaIn this form of punning,words having the same sound,or almost the same sound,but differing in form and meaning are used.These words are called homophones.Puns of this type are usually humorous.1.1.Sign on a Mens Gym door:“We have courses to make grown men young and young men groan.”(Readers Digest,June 1981)2.The Club Med Vacation Vs Room and BoredAd.For Club Med,a tourist company-the pun is on bored which sound like board,in the phrase room and board.