四六级应试.ppt

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1、全国大学英语四、六级考试作文题全国大学英语四、六级考试作文题评分原则及标准评分原则及标准 评分原则评分原则评分原则评分原则CETCET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级或六级教学要求，是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级或六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此为准则。对作文的评判应以此为准则。CETCET作文题采用总体评分（作文题采用总体评分（Global ScoringGlobal Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（给出奖励分（Reward ScoresReward Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣），而不是按语言点的错误数目

2、扣分。分。从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障而确切地表达思想，也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。碍。避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低

3、分，包括括0 0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。几种分数。评分标准评分标准评分标准评分标准本题满分为本题满分为1515分。阅卷标准共分五等：分。阅卷标准共分五等：2 2分、分、5 5分、分、8 8分、分、1111分、分、1414分。各有标准分。各有标准样卷一份。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为稍优或稍劣样卷一份。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数（如于该分数（如8 8分），则可加一分（即分），则可加一分（即9 9分）或减一分（即分）或减一分（即7 7分）。但不得分）。但不得加或

4、减半分：加或减半分：2 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。重错误。5 5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8 8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。其中有一些是严重错误。1111分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量

5、语言错误。1414分：切题。内容较丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别分：切题。内容较丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。小错。注：白卷，作文题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则判零分。注：白卷，作文题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则判零分。字数不足应酌情扣分：字数不足应酌情扣分：如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数。如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数。只写作文中一个要点者给只写作文中一个要点者给0-40-4分；只写两个要点者给分；只写两个要点者给0-80-8分。分。如果扣为如果扣为0 0

6、分，要慎重处理。分，要慎重处理。为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，各档作文分相当于百为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，各档作文分相当于百分制的得分列表如下，称为得分率。其中分制的得分列表如下，称为得分率。其中9 9分的得分率分的得分率为为6060（相当于百分制的（相当于百分制的6060分）：分）：作文分作文分15 14 13 12 11 1015 14 13 12 11 10得分率得分率100 94 87 80 74 67100 94 87 80 74 67作文分作文分9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 19 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1得分率得分率60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 760

7、 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 72 points2 pointsNow,a lot of students are dont due attention Now,a lot of students are dont due attention enough for spelling in learning enough for spelling in learning englishenglish.There are three reason,the first is a lot of students There are three reason,the first is a

8、lot of students like speaking and listen,do not due attention to write,so like speaking and listen,do not due attention to write,so they could speak very well but not as good as writing.they could speak very well but not as good as writing.The second is a lot of students like reading.They learn a Th

9、e second is a lot of students like reading.They learn a lot message from book,newspaper,internet,but not lot message from book,newspaper,internet,but not writing to show their minds as usually as they reading.writing to show their minds as usually as they reading.The third is a lot of students do no

10、t due attention to The third is a lot of students do not due attention to history,if we learn a lot of history,we will learn a lot of history,if we learn a lot of history,we will learn a lot of spell too.I was one of those students.spell too.I was one of those students.For change this problem,in my

11、opinion,we should write as lots as we read,show our mind on internet,or magerzen,then we learn some history of Larding or roma,this will do some help for due attention to spelling.If we could usually write and know some history for english,we will have interest in spelling and due enough attention g

12、iven to spelling.5 points:5 points:We can see now many students dont pay attention to spelling.We can see now many students dont pay attention to spelling.Their homework,diary even their email can proof that.Maybe they Their homework,diary even their email can proof that.Maybe they just write a few

13、wrong words,or maybe they write many wrong just write a few wrong words,or maybe they write many wrong words.No matter how many wrong word they write,it will let the words.No matter how many wrong word they write,it will let the readers be in trouble.Because the readers maybe think that the readers

14、be in trouble.Because the readers maybe think that the wrong word that he wrong word that he writedwrited is the key.is the key.I think we should pay attention to our spelling.The first reason I think we should pay attention to our spelling.The first reason is that writing a wrong word is a bad is t

15、hat writing a wrong word is a bad habbithabbit.The second reason is.The second reason is that it will let our English teaching be more harder.that it will let our English teaching be more harder.For changing the bad For changing the bad habbithabbit,we should know why many,we should know why many pe

16、ople dont pay attention to spelling.I my opinion,the first reason people dont pay attention to spelling.I my opinion,the first reason is they think that the most important abilities are speaking and is they think that the most important abilities are speaking and listening in all.If they do think so

17、,maybe they dont want to read listening in all.If they do think so,maybe they dont want to read English books.The second reason is that our English education is English books.The second reason is that our English education is not well enough.That includes our English teachers and our not well enough

18、.That includes our English teachers and our studying environment.studying environment.No that we know why,we should think what we should do.I No that we know why,we should think what we should do.I think we should encourage that we should read English books much think we should encourage that we sho

19、uld read English books much more.And we should improve our English teachers education,more.And we should improve our English teachers education,including the numbers of the teacher.Improve our including the numbers of the teacher.Improve our studingstuding environment,includes our study machine.envi

20、ronment,includes our study machine.8 points:8 points:Now more and more students pay no attention to spelling while Now more and more students pay no attention to spelling while studying English.I conclude three reasons for that here.First,studying English.I conclude three reasons for that here.First

21、,computers are widely used in our lives,we do not have to write too computers are widely used in our lives,we do not have to write too many words.Clicking on keyboard,you may get a higher speed.many words.Clicking on keyboard,you may get a higher speed.Second,more and more new words are created on t

22、he internet,Second,more and more new words are created on the internet,such as“such as“skusku”just means“thank you”.Third,our teachers always”just means“thank you”.Third,our teachers always tell us that the tell us that the grammergrammer was the most important part of learning was the most importan

23、t part of learning English.As a matter of fact,few student will pay attention to English.As a matter of fact,few student will pay attention to spelling.spelling.What should we do to change the situation?In my opinion,we What should we do to change the situation?In my opinion,we students are the keys

24、.We should avoid using computer to write students are the keys.We should avoid using computer to write English words.We will find too many faults in our writings.If we do English words.We will find too many faults in our writings.If we do not click on the keyboard.And teachers should remind us to wr

25、ite not click on the keyboard.And teachers should remind us to write more.more.11 points:11 points:Nowadays,many students learning English dont pay attention to Nowadays,many students learning English dont pay attention to spelling,which is very important for English study.They cant write spelling,w

26、hich is very important for English study.They cant write English words correctly,so there are many spelling mistakes in English words correctly,so there are many spelling mistakes in students compositions.students compositions.There are some reasons accounting for this.First,students only write a Th

27、ere are some reasons accounting for this.First,students only write a few words in the English exam.They just choose A,B,C or D as the few words in the English exam.They just choose A,B,C or D as the answer in most of the time.So many students dont think spelling is answer in most of the time.So many

28、 students dont think spelling is important,they only spend a little time learning English spelling.important,they only spend a little time learning English spelling.Second,more and more students and teachers think listening and Second,more and more students and teachers think listening and speaking

29、are more important in English study.They hold the idea speaking are more important in English study.They hold the idea that if you can speak English well and understand what others say,that if you can speak English well and understand what others say,of course you can spell English well.To improve l

30、istening and of course you can spell English well.To improve listening and speaking standards,many students spend a lot of time listening to speaking standards,many students spend a lot of time listening to English and studying in English corner.But as a result,many English and studying in English c

31、orner.But as a result,many students cant spell English well and they think that spelling is not students cant spell English well and they think that spelling is not important.important.In my opinion,to change this situation,the English exam should pay In my opinion,to change this situation,the Engli

32、sh exam should pay more attention to English spelling to encourage students to learn more attention to English spelling to encourage students to learn spelling.And both teachers and students should hold a new attitude spelling.And both teachers and students should hold a new attitude towards spellin

33、g and spend some time improving spelling standards.towards spelling and spend some time improving spelling standards.14 points:14 points:Nowadays,a large number of students dont pay attention to spelling Nowadays,a large number of students dont pay attention to spelling when they learn English.Most

34、of them just have a vague impression when they learn English.Most of them just have a vague impression of English words they have learnt.There are too many spelling of English words they have learnt.There are too many spelling mistakes in their essays,which absolutely affect the quality of their mis

35、takes in their essays,which absolutely affect the quality of their essays.essays.Why dont they pay attention to spelling?In my opinion,there are Why dont they pay attention to spelling?In my opinion,there are three reasons.First,when students come with a new word,they three reasons.First,when studen

36、ts come with a new word,they just pay too much attention to the meaning and usage of this word just pay too much attention to the meaning and usage of this word instead of its spelling.Second,in most of the exams nowadays,instead of its spelling.Second,in most of the exams nowadays,students are requ

37、ired to deal with lots of reading comprehension.students are required to deal with lots of reading comprehension.They dont have to cope with translation.So this can explain why They dont have to cope with translation.So this can explain why students dont pay due attention to spelling.Last but not th

38、e least,students dont pay due attention to spelling.Last but not the least,many English words are too similar to each other.They resemble many English words are too similar to each other.They resemble each other so much that many students just cant spell them each other so much that many students ju

39、st cant spell them correctly.correctly.As far as Im concerned,to change this situation,students and As far as Im concerned,to change this situation,students and educators have three things to do.First,teachers should educators have three things to do.First,teachers should put more emphasis on spelli

40、ng in daily English teaching.put more emphasis on spelling in daily English teaching.Second,students should pay attention to spelling Second,students should pay attention to spelling besides meaning and usage when they encounter new besides meaning and usage when they encounter new words.Third,there

41、 should be more translations in words.Third,there should be more translations in English exams,which can require students to pay due English exams,which can require students to pay due attention to spelling in daily English learning.attention to spelling in daily English learning.In short,due attent

42、ion should be given to spelling because In short,due attention should be given to spelling because only when we spell correctly can we really learn English only when we spell correctly can we really learn English well.well.作文评阅场之实况：作文评阅场之实况：1.每篇作文的平均评阅时间在每篇作文的平均评阅时间在5050秒左右，多数阅卷人员往秒左右，多数阅卷人员往往只快速浏览首

43、末段，所以一定要写好首段，让阅卷老往只快速浏览首末段，所以一定要写好首段，让阅卷老师对你师对你“一见钟情一见钟情”，有进一步，有进一步“读你读你”的愿望；同时，的愿望；同时，末段决不能马虎，要一直保持你在阅卷老师眼中的末段决不能马虎，要一直保持你在阅卷老师眼中的“美美好形象好形象”。2.书写工整的，即使内容一般，往往会比应得分高一档给书写工整的，即使内容一般，往往会比应得分高一档给分，书写潦草者，即使内容不错，结果往往会被降一档分，书写潦草者，即使内容不错，结果往往会被降一档给分。书写一定要工整，要工整到老师给分。书写一定要工整，要工整到老师“不认真读下去不认真读下去就会有负罪感就会有负罪感”

44、的程度。的程度。3.别犯别犯“低级错误低级错误”。如果进入阅卷老师视线范围内的字。如果进入阅卷老师视线范围内的字句都没有语法错误，即使内容一般，得分往往也在句都没有语法错误，即使内容一般，得分往往也在9 9分分以上，相反，即使错误不多，但却均是低级错误，则会以上，相反，即使错误不多，但却均是低级错误，则会认为学生基础差，自然会降一档给分。认为学生基础差，自然会降一档给分。On CET-6Skimming and ScanningSkimming and ScanningSkim the title,subtitle,the first and the last Skim the title,s

45、ubtitle,the first and the last sentence of each paragraph,paying attention to sentence of each paragraph,paying attention to the words in boldface as well as the italicized the words in boldface as well as the italicized words(10seconds)words(10seconds)read the questions to read the questions to und

46、erstand what is the most important understand what is the most important information needed to finish the question,information needed to finish the question,spotting out the key words in the question spotting out the key words in the question(10seconds)(10seconds)use the key words to scan the use th

47、e key words to scan the passage to locate the particular information,passage to locate the particular information,finding the correct answer(1minute).finding the correct answer(1minute).问题的设置顺序往往与文章内容、段落安排问题的设置顺序往往与文章内容、段落安排一一 致，有小标题的往往可以此很快地进行题目定致，有小标题的往往可以此很快地进行题目定位。位。Banked ClozeBanked ClozeRead

48、the passage for the first time,put some Read the passage for the first time,put some tentative(tentative(试探性的）试探性的）answers to the easy answers to the easy blanksblanksreadread the passage for the second time,the passage for the second time,analyze each blank carefully,make your choice analyze each b

49、lank carefully,make your choice according to according to the syntactical functions and the syntactical functions and morphological features of the vocabulary morphological features of the vocabulary(词性、词性、词形词形)read the passage for the third time(if read the passage for the third time(if time permit

50、s),correct the ambiguous answers time permits),correct the ambiguous answers according to the coherence both structurally and according to the coherence both structurally and semantically.semantically.篇章阅读（Reading in depth）一、篇章阅读题所涉及的基本阅读方法：一、篇章阅读题所涉及的基本阅读方法：1 1 Skimming,Skimming,即略读或浏览。对全文而言，绝不放即略读