教育专题：2018届完形填空.pptx

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1、Mastersomeskillsforclozetests&applytheskillstopracticalusetoimproveyourreadingcomprehensiveability.Learning goals:Whatisyourproblemwhencopingwithclozetests?Problemsinclozetests:1.词汇、词组缺乏词汇、词组缺乏2.长难句不会分析长难句不会分析3.不能正确把握文章主旨不能正确把握文章主旨4.难以排除迷惑项难以排除迷惑项 proHowtosolvetheseproblems?Howtosolvetheseproblems?解

2、题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则:“先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲三步曲：通览通览-试填试填-复核。复核。三步答题三步答题Step1 通读通读Skip(跳读跳读)the passage to get the general ideaand pay attention to the first sentence.快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，大概通览全文、领会大意，大概地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格写作风格等等。Intheclozetest,th

3、ereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）Step2 试填试填Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)先易后难，先易后难，逐层深入逐层深入Step3 Read the passage again a

4、nd check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。做完形填空，做完形填空，先完意，后完形。先完意，后完形。意（整体）：意（整体）：mainpoint,fact,opinion,attitude形（细节）：形（细节）：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配

5、)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和反义词等原词复现、近义词和反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense(文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)解题技巧：解题技巧：把握全文把握全文明主线明主线;固定搭配固定搭配记心间记心间;原词再现原词再现莫错过莫错过;上下求索上下求索是关键。是关键。口诀口诀skill1.thecontextsandlogics上下文语境和逻辑上下文语境和逻辑Noun./Adj./Adv.Noun./Adj./Adv.Contexts Contexts

6、 1234Conj.Conj.LogicsLogics Puzzles!KeyWordsConjunctionsimportantlogicalPleasedividetheminto5groupsaccordingtothelogics并列、并列、层进besidesandeven对比比buthoweverinsteadofthoughwhile因果因果sothatbecause顺次次beforefinallylater释义、例、例举thatissuchasforinstance besides but such as howeversothat before instead of thoug

7、hbecause while and even that is finally later for instance Review the Logics例例1:Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeonespassinginterest.46.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printedC.newly-collectedD.half-filled解析解析and连接两相同并列结构，语义相近，连接两相同并列结构，语义相近，half-filled与与unf

8、inished同属一个语义场，同属一个语义场，意思接近，意思接近，故答案为故答案为DLogic并列并列逻辑ExamplesContextContext 1 1Context2Context2ConjConj.（纪念）（纪念）例例2:.Theytoldhertostaystilluntiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingtoexplode53.A.forB.soC.andD.but解析：解析：因因“叫她呆着不动等急救员来叫她呆着不动等急救员来”与与“她以为车就要爆炸她以为车就要爆炸”是对比关系是对比关系，故填表示故填表

9、示“但是但是”的的but，意义才通顺。故选，意义才通顺。故选D。ContextContext 1 1Context2Context2Logic对比比逻辑ConjConj.toinferorimplythecorrectanswerContext1keywordsContext2keywordsConj.Howdoesitwork?Logicalanalysisisimportant.LogicLogic Context-dependentConsistent一致性一致性 1.Positivepeopleareluckypeople.Theycansee46.the roses whileoth

10、ersseeonlythethorns(刺).2.Weshouldalwayscountourblessingsandbe49.grateful forwhatwehave.3.Hewasa47.richmantheycouldtellthatfromhisfineclothes.4.Twooldbeggarsweresittingonabusystreetcornerofabig city.They watched 42.helplessly as a lot of peoplewalkedbywithoutlookingatthem.5.Beforepeopleretire,theyusu

11、allyplantodoalotofgreatthingstheyneverhad57.timetodowhileworking.Apply the Skill:SkimandFindtheconj.1.Positive people are lucky people.Theycansee46.the roses whileothersseeonlythethorns(刺刺).Logic对比比逻辑ConjConj.ContextContext1 1ContextContext 2 2Practice Logical Analysis:Underline&Understand2.Weshould

12、alwayscountourblessingsandbe 49.grateful forwhatwehave.ContextContext 1 1Context2Context2ConjConj.Logic并列并列逻辑3.Hewasa47.richmantheycouldtellthatfromhisfineclothes.ConjConj.Logic释义、例、例举逻辑ContextContext 1 1Context2Context2释义或例举逻辑，有时用破折号释义或例举逻辑，有时用破折号 括号括号 冒号冒号 引号引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来;相当于相当于

13、thatis;suchas;forexample等词的用法。等词的用法。4.Sittingonabusystreetcornerofabig city,two old beggars watched42.helplessly asalotofpeoplewalkedbywithoutlookingatthem.ConjConj.Logic因果因果逻辑ContextContext 2 2ContextContext1 15.Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthingstheyneverhad57.timetodowhilework

14、ing.ContextContext 1 1Context2Context2ConjConj.Logic顺次次逻辑Clues线索索逻辑衔接接Logics(Conj.)helptogetthelogicstraightconsistentconsistentconsistentconsistentClues线索索情感情感态度度Contexts(noun./verb.noun./verb./adj./adv.)/adj./adv.)helptoguessthestorylineconsistentconsistentconsistentconsistentconsistentconsistentU

15、nderlineUnderstandAnalyzeInferconsistentconsistent【练习1】Insteadofcomplaining,hefoundsomethinggoodinhissituationand54it.54.A.putupwithB.caughtupwithC.madeuseofD.paidattentionto【练习2】Eachmistakewemakecannotonlyleadtopainandsorrow,butalsocanbringusgrowthand46.46.A.healthB.wisdomC.sympathyD.honor【练习3】Then

16、ursehadhimtakeabreakinthewaitingarea,tellinghimitwouldbeatleast40minutes43thedoctorwouldbeabletoseehim.43.A.ifB.beforeC.sinceD.afterExercises固定句型：固定句型：Itbe+一段时间一段时间+before+事情的结局事情的结局41.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early42.A.difficultB.similarC.specialD.normal43.A.unwillingly B.safelyC.slowl

17、yD.regretfully44.A.fortuneB.timeC.healthD.life2014全国新课标卷全国新课标卷IIJoeSimpsonandSimonYateswerethefirstpeopletoclimbtheWestFaceoftheSiulaGrandeintheAndesmountains.Theyreachedthetop41,butontheirwaybackconditionswerevery42.Joefellandbrokehisleg.TheybothknewthatifSimoncontinuedalone,hewouldprobablygetback4

18、3.ButSimondecidedtoriskhis44andtrytolowerJoedownthemountainonarope(绳).【练习练习4】I met a man who couldnt 46 from the neck down in Peak Town.He said since his accident,he was lucky to have found the kind of peace.He painted the most beautiful pictures with brushes in his 47 and held successful talks on p

19、ersonal development.He considered he had 48 more and helped more people than before.He said he was now truly 49.Seeing his positive thinking,I was greatly 50.【练习练习5】46.A.read B.move C.speak D.think47.A.hands B.teeth C.office D.pocket48.A.wrote B.reported C.offered D.achieved49.A.educated B.skilled C

20、.cheerful D.powerful50.A.angry B.mad C.fascinated D.amazedskill2informationgiveninthepassage(文中信息：原词复现，文中信息：原词复现，近义词，反义词近义词，反义词,句内句内/前后句，前后句，语篇呼应等语篇呼应等)“词汇复现词汇复现(Reiteration)”是指某一词汇重复出现在是指某一词汇重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，意义统一完整。意义统一完整。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复

21、现反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。和代词复现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。词汇复现词汇复现Thatnight,thetwoofthem36satsidebysideatthepiano.Theyplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirhome.Theloud37filledtheroomandmakethemfeelveryhappy.37.A.voiceB.ringC.musicD.cry原词复现原词复现(Repetition)Example 1WhenIbeganplanningtomovetoAuklandtostudy,m

22、ymotherwasworriedaboutalackofjobsandculturaldifferences.Ignoringthese36,IgotthereinJuly2010.36.A.doubtsB.concernsC.instructionsD.reasons 同义词同义词(synonym)Example 2For two weeks,Mark 39 accompaniedSusantoandfromworkeveryday.Hetaughther how to rely on her other 40 ,specificallyherhearing,todeterminewher

23、eshewasandhowtoadapttohernewenvironment.40.A.feelingsB.organsC.skills D.senses上下义词复现上下义词复现HypernymandHyponymExample 3 上下义是指词的上下义是指词的总结总结和和分解分解关系，关系，上义词是上义词是总称词总称词，下义词是被包含的下义词是被包含的个体个体或或种类种类。1.Withallofthebenefits,whydowenotshowmore_forlearningotherlanguages?A.concernB.respectC.enthusiasmD.intelligen

24、ceTask2:Application(利用上下文的复现信息利用上下文的复现信息)2.With17NBAAll-StarsSelections,fiveNBAchampionshipswiththeLakers,twoOlympicgoldmedals,Kobehasbroughthisfans_memories.A.boringB.disappointingC.shockingD.thrilling3.surethatyou15everythingyouvegotandbethankfulforthelittlethingsinlifethatmeanalot.A.bearB.doubtC.

25、exploreD.appreciateTherewasapetstoreandtheownerhadaparrot.Onedaya11walkedinandtheparrotsaidtotheman,“Heyyou!”Themansaid,“What!?”Theparrotsaid,“Your12isreallyugly.”Themangotvery13andwenttothestoreownerandsaid,“Yourbirdjust14mywife.Itsaidshewasugly.”11.A.groupB.teamC.coupleD.crowd12.A.wifeB.sisterC.mo

26、therD.daughter13.A.curiousB.nervousC.guilty D.angry14.A.greetedB.puzzledC.offendedD.scaredSkill3.worddistinctionsorcollocations(词义辨析和固定搭配词义辨析和固定搭配)Tips:在完形填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中，往往在完形填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中，往往存在存在大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词等等，这等等，这就要我们予以严格地区分和细心地比较，看其就要我们予以严格地区分和细心地比较，看其搭配、搭配、惯用法，学会词义辨析惯用法，

27、学会词义辨析。另外。另外动词的搭配动词的搭配在完型当中在完型当中出现比例较大，出现比例较大，要求平时多读多记要求平时多读多记，牢固掌握所学词，牢固掌握所学词汇和固定搭配，并灵活运用。汇和固定搭配，并灵活运用。1.Theclayfeltsurethat,ifitcouldonlywaitlongenough,awonderfulrewardwas_forit.A.inuseB.intimeC.instoreD.inneedinstorefor.有有等待着某人等待着某人translation:你永远都不知道未来有什么在等着你。你永远都不知道未来有什么在等着你。2.Atlastthebakingwa

28、sfinished.Theclaywas_uponaboard,inthecoolair.A.setdownB.setoutC.setaboutD.setoff1.setdown=putdown放下放下2.rulessetdownbythegovernment3.sethisideasdowninthenotebook制定，规定记下，写下Youneverknowwhatthefutureholds/hasinstoreforyou.Skill3:worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3.Thisdependsonhowmuchofe

29、achlanguagetheycanspeak,notonwhichlanguageisused,_theyarelearningArabic,French,Chineseoranyotherlanguage.A.ifB.whetherC.whenD.because Skill3:worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)whetheror不管不管是否是否4.Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_1_.Soheshouldnthavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterall

30、B.inallC.atallD.forall5.SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.camebackSkill4.culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontro

31、l,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.AdryBdistantCdesertedDwildSkill4.Skill4.根据常根据常识识和文化背景的角度来和文化背景的角度来选择选择做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。出正确的答案。【2】SalinaJoebeganto_whenshewason

32、e-yearold.A.sayB.cryC.singD.talk 根据常根据常识识和文化背景的角度来和文化背景的角度来选择选择根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。【3】Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhim

33、thepaperto30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign根据常根据常识识和文化背景的角度来和文化背景的角度来选择选择外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为推断出正确答案为B。【4】Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.41.A.publicB.traditionalC.o

34、fficialD.special 根据常根据常识识和文化背景的角度来和文化背景的角度来选择选择根据常识可知，学校，朋友，老师都是我们可以求根据常识可知，学校，朋友，老师都是我们可以求教的教的“传统的传统的”地方地方【5】Asaparent,I29seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,30stilldefeated.29.A.imaginedB.hatedC.avoidedD.missed30.A.ifB.orC.butD.as 根据常根据常识识和文化背景的角度来和文化背景的角度来选择选择人之常情，身为父母，我讨厌看到我女儿尽自己最人之常情，身为父母，我讨厌看到我女儿尽自

35、己最大的努力却仍然失败。大的努力却仍然失败。Tips to Cloze Test:Tips to Cloze Test:1注重首、尾句。注重首、尾句。2克服畏难、急躁情绪克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。耐心通读全文。3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案答案，必须必须 纵观纵观全文、通篇考虑。全文、通篇考虑。4动笔时先易后难动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇语篇(前提示、后暗示前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。意义上加以鉴别。Keys:41-45DDCBB46-50ADCAC51-55AABCD56-60ACCBApassage1Passage2 15ACABB610BDDCB1115ADDBC1620BABCB