模具专业英语1.ppt

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1、Unit One Lesson1 Tool Materialsw教学目标及要求教学目标及要求 1.1.掌握课文中有关掌握课文中有关工具钢方面工具钢方面的专业词汇和专业术语；的专业词汇和专业术语；2.2.结合工具钢的相关专业知识阅读课文，提高翻译能力。结合工具钢的相关专业知识阅读课文，提高翻译能力。w重点重点 1.1.工具钢的工具钢的专业词汇和专业术语；专业词汇和专业术语；2.2.翻译课文：工具材料种类词汇；翻译课文：工具材料种类词汇；金属材料的物理、力学性能词汇。金属材料的物理、力学性能词汇。u难句分析及翻译的基础知识难句分析及翻译的基础知识 PartPart（）翻译的基础知识简介翻译的基础知

2、识简介 一、什么是翻译？一、什么是翻译？w教学思路设计教学思路设计 时间分配（共时间分配（共100min100min）：）：1.1.讲解课文中的专业词汇和术语；讲解课文中的专业词汇和术语；2.2.讲解课后生词、大声朗读；讲解课后生词、大声朗读；3.3.翻译课文，注意穿插相关专业知识；翻译课文，注意穿插相关专业知识；4.4.分析难点句型，讲解翻译的基础知识；分析难点句型，讲解翻译的基础知识；5.5.学生答疑。学生答疑。ContentswBackground KnowledgewNew Words and PhrasedwQuestionswGlossary of TermswText Analy

3、sis wLanguage Points&Translating TechniqueswReading Materials wSummary wReferencesw工具钢工具钢工具钢是用以制造切削刀具、量具、模具和工具钢是用以制造切削刀具、量具、模具和耐磨工具的钢种。工具钢具有较高的硬度和在高耐磨工具的钢种。工具钢具有较高的硬度和在高温下能保持高硬度、红硬性，以及高的耐磨性和温下能保持高硬度、红硬性，以及高的耐磨性和适当的韧性。适当的韧性。工具钢一般分为碳素工具钢、合金工具钢和工具钢一般分为碳素工具钢、合金工具钢和高速工具钢三种。高速工具钢三种。carbon tool steels wToo

4、l steels alloy tool steels high speed tool steelsBackground KnowledgeNew Words and ExpressionsuTerms：1.Metal1.Metal：金属金属 iron iron 铁铁 steel steel 钢钢 aluminum aluminum 铝铝 magnesium magnesium 镁镁 zinc zinc 锌锌 bismuth bismuth 铋铋 copper copper 铜铜 lead lead 铅铅 2.Non-metal2.Non-metal：非金属非金属 wood wood 木材木材

5、plastics plastics 塑料塑料 rubber rubber 橡胶橡胶 ceramics ceramics 陶瓷材料陶瓷材料 diamond diamond 金刚石金刚石 epoxy resin epoxy resin 环氧树脂环氧树脂New Words and Expressions 3.Characateristics3.Characateristics：性能：性能/特性特性 strengthstrength 强度强度 hardnesshardness 硬度硬度 toughnesstoughness 韧性韧性 brittlenessbrittleness 脆性脆性 plasti

6、cityplasticity 塑性塑性/可塑性可塑性 ductilityductility 可锻性可锻性 malleabilitymalleability 可延压性可延压性 New Words and Expressionselasticityelasticity 弹性弹性wearwear resistance resistance 耐磨性耐磨性dimensionaldimensional stability stability 尺寸稳定性尺寸稳定性thermalthermal conductivity conductivity 导热性导热性electricalelectrical condu

7、ctivity conductivity 导电性导电性raterate of thermal of thermal expansion expansion 热膨胀率热膨胀率meltingmelting point point 熔点熔点moldulusmoldulus of elasticity of elasticity 弹性模量弹性模量Text The Three Major Categories of Tool Materials:uFerrous Ferrous tool tool materials materials have have iron iron as as a a bas

8、e base metal metal and and include include tool tool steel,steel,alloy alloy steel,steel,carbon carbon steel,steel,and cast iron.and cast iron.uNonferrous Nonferrous materials materials have have a a base base metal metal other other than than iron iron and and include include aluminum,aluminum,magn

9、esium,magnesium,zinc,zinc,lead,lead,bismuth,copper,and a variety of alloys.bismuth,copper,and a variety of alloys.uNonmetallic Nonmetallic materials materials are are those those materials materials such such as as woods,woods,plastics,plastics,rubbers,rubbers,epoxy epoxy resins,resins,ceramics,cera

10、mics,and diamonds that do not have a metallic base.and diamonds that do not have a metallic base.Text Physical And Mechanical Properties of a Material:uPhysical Physical propertiesproperties are are those those properties properties which which are are natural natural in in the the material material

11、 and and cannot cannot be be permanently permanently altered without changing the material itself.altered without changing the material itself.Include:Include:weight,weight,color,color,thermal thermal and and electrical electrical conductivity,conductivity,rate rate of of thermal thermal expansion,e

12、xpansion,and and melting melting point.point.uThe The mechanical mechanical propertiesproperties of of a a material material are are those those properties properties which which can can be be permanently permanently altered altered by by thermal or mechanical treatment.thermal or mechanical treatme

13、nt.Include:Include:strength,strength,hardness,hardness,wear wear resistance,resistance,toughness,toughness,brittleness,brittleness,plasticity,plasticity,ductility,ductility,malleability,and modulus of elasticity.malleability,and modulus of elasticity.力学性能力学性能物理性能物理性能QuestionswWhat is meant by the te

14、rm“physical properties What is meant by the term“physical properties of a material”?of a material”?wWhat are the mechanical properties of a What are the mechanical properties of a materialmaterialwWhat makes a material either ferrous or What makes a material either ferrous or nonferrous?nonferrous?w

15、What are some applications of tool steels?What are some applications of tool steels?Glossary of Terms1 1carbide tool carbide tool 硬质合金刀具硬质合金刀具2 2alloy tool steel alloy tool steel 合金工具钢合金工具钢3 3alloy cast iron alloy cast iron 合金铸铁合金铸铁4 4carbon steel carbon steel 碳素钢碳素钢5 5carbon tool steel carbon tool

16、steel 碳素工具钢碳素工具钢6 6cast iron cast iron 铸铁铸铁7 7cast steel cast steel 铸钢铸钢8 8die block steel die block steel 模具钢模具钢9 9die material die material 模具材料模具材料1010free cutting steel free cutting steel 易切削钢易切削钢1111high alloy steel high alloy steel 高合金钢高合金钢1212high carbon steel high carbon steel 高碳钢高碳钢1313low

17、alloy steel low alloy steel 低合金钢低合金钢1414low carbon steel low carbon steel 低碳钢低碳钢1515shock resistant tool steel shock resistant tool steel 抗冲击工具钢抗冲击工具钢1616cold work toolcold work tool（diedie）steel steel 冷作工具（模具）钢冷作工具（模具）钢1717hot work toolhot work tool（diedie）steel steel 热作工具（模具）钢热作工具（模具）钢1818nodular

18、graphite iron nodular graphite iron 球墨铸铁球墨铸铁1919malleable cast iron malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁可锻铸铁2020mottled cast iron mottled cast iron 麻口铸铁麻口铸铁Reading Materials Carbon Steels Carbon Carbon steels steels are are used used extensively extensively in in tool tool construction.construction.Carbon Carbo

19、n steels steels are are those those steels steels which which only only contain contain iron iron and and carbon,carbon,and and small small amounts amounts of of other other alloying alloying elements.elements.Carbon Carbon steels steels are are the the most most common common and and least least ex

20、pensive expensive type type of of steel steel used used for tools.for tools.Carbon SteelswThe The three three principal principal types types of of carbon carbon steels steels used used for for tooling tooling are are low low carbon,carbon,medium medium carbon,carbon,and and high high carbon steels.

21、carbon steels.wLow Low carbon carbon steel steel contains contains carbon carbon between between 0.05%0.05%and and 0.3%.0.3%.wMedium Medium carbon carbon steel steel contains contains carbon carbon between between 0.3%0.3%and 0.7%.Andand 0.7%.Andwhigh high carbon carbon steel steel contains contains

22、 carbon carbon between between 0.7%0.7%and and 1.5%.1.5%.wAs As the the carbon carbon content content is is increased increased in in carbon carbon steel,steel,the the strength,strength,toughness,toughness,and and hardness hardness are are also also increased when the metal is heat treated.increased

23、 when the metal is heat treated.wLow Low carbon carbon steels steels are are soft,soft,tough tough steels steels that that are are easily easily machined machined and and welded.welded.Due Due to to their their low low carbon carbon content,content,these these steels steels cannot cannot be be harde

24、ned hardened except except by by case case hardening.hardening.Low Low carbon carbon steels steels are are well well suited suited for for the the following following applications:applications:tool tool bodies,bodies,handles,handles,die die shoes,shoes,and and similar similar situations situations w

25、here where strength and wear resistance are not required.strength and wear resistance are not required.wMedium Medium carbon carbon steels steels are are used used where where greater greater strength strength and and toughness toughness is is required.required.Since Since medium medium carbon carbo

26、n steels steels have have a a higher higher carbon carbon content,content,they they can can be be heat heat treated treated to to make make parts parts such such as as studs,studs,pins,pins,axles,axles,and and nuts.nuts.Steels Steels in in this this group group are are more more expensive expensive

27、as as well well as as more more difficult difficult to to machine machine and and weld than low carbon steels.weld than low carbon steels.wHigh High carbon carbon steels steels are are the the most most hardenable hardenable type type of of carbon carbon steel steel and and are are used used frequen

28、tly frequently for for parts parts where where wear wear resistance resistance is is an an important important factor.factor.Other Other applications applications where where high high carbon carbon steels steels are are well well suited suited include include drill drill bushings,bushings,locators,

29、locators,and and wear wear pads.pads.Since Since the the carbon carbon content content of of these these steels steels is is so so high,high,parts parts made made from from high high carbon carbon steel steel are are normally difficult to machine and weld.normally difficult to machine and weld.Alloy

30、 SteelswAlloy Alloy steels steels are are basically basically carbon carbon steels steels with with additional additional elements elements added added to to alter alter the the characterischaracteristics tics and and bring bring about about a a predictable predictable change change in in the the me

31、chanical mechanical properties properties of of the the alloyed alloyed metal.metal.Alloy Alloy steels steels are are not not normally normally used used for for most most tools tools due due to to their their increased increased cost,cost,but but some some have have been been found found favor favo

32、r for for special special applications.applications.The The alloying alloying elements elements used used most most often often in in steels steels are are manganese,nickel,molybdenum and chromium.manganese,nickel,molybdenum and chromium.wAnother Another type type of of alloy alloy steel steel frequ

33、ently frequently used used for for tooling tooling applications applications is is stainless stainless steel.steel.Stainless Stainless steel steel is is a a term term used used to to describe describe high high chromium chromium and and nickelnickelchromium chromium steels.steels.These These steels

34、steels are are used used for for tools tools which which must must resist resist high high temperatures temperatures and and corrosive atmospheres.corrosive atmospheres.Die SteelswThe The die die material material is is relevant relevant directly directly to to the the die die life life as as well w

35、ell as as die die cost.cost.Recently,Recently,the the commonly commonly used die steel for cold blanking is as follows:used die steel for cold blanking is as follows:wThe The carbon carbon tool tool steel steel T8A,T8A,T10A,T10A,T12A T12A are are the the cheapest cheapest and and the the most most w

36、idely widely used.used.Its Its hardness hardness after after annealing annealing is is lower lower than than that that of of the the alloy alloy steel.steel.It It has has good good machining machining property,property,and and the the process process of of forging,forging,annealing annealing and and

37、 quenching quenching is is easy easy to to be be mastered.mastered.It It is is suitable suitable to to manufacture manufacture the the working working parts parts of of the the blanking blanking die die with with small small size size and and simple simple shape.shape.But But its its hardenability h

38、ardenability and and abrasionabrasionresistant resistant are are bad,bad,its its quench quench distortion distortion is large and its working life is short.is large and its working life is short.wThe The low low alloy alloy tool tool steel,steel,such such as as CrWMn,CrWMn,9CrSi,9CrSi,9Mn2V 9Mn2V et

39、c,etc,can can be be quenched quenched by by oil,oil,therefore therefore it it has has a a good good hardenability hardenability and and a a small small quench quench distortion.distortion.Comparing Comparing with with T10A,T10A,9Mn2V 9Mn2V has has a a higher higher hardness hardness and and abrasion

40、abrasionresistance,resistance,and and also also has has a a good good machining machining property.property.wMaterials for manufacturing the die parts and their best heat treatment rulesLanguage Points&Translating Techniques Example 1:To properly select a tool material,there are To properly select a

41、 tool material,there are several physical and mechanical properties you several physical and mechanical properties you should understand to determine how the materials should understand to determine how the materials you select will affect the function and operation you select will affect the functi

42、on and operation of the tool.of the tool.为了选择工具材料，你应当掌握材料的一些物理性能为了选择工具材料，你应当掌握材料的一些物理性能和力学性能，以便确定所选材料对工具的功能和操作会和力学性能，以便确定所选材料对工具的功能和操作会有何影响。有何影响。不定式不定式to properly select a tool material to properly select a tool material 放在放在句首用作目的状语；句首用作目的状语；you select you select 为定语从句修饰前面的为定语从句修饰前面的the materialsth

43、e materials。Example 2:A great effort is made to keep porosity,A great effort is made to keep porosity,segregation,impurities,and nonmetallic segregation,impurities,and nonmetallic inclusions to as low a level as possible.inclusions to as low a level as possible.(对于工具钢的冶炼对于工具钢的冶炼)，要最大限度地降低钢中的气孔、，要最大限

44、度地降低钢中的气孔、偏析、杂质以及非金属夹杂物的含量。偏析、杂质以及非金属夹杂物的含量。这里的这里的a great effort is madea great effort is made是是make a great make a great effort effort 的被动形式，意为的被动形式，意为“尽一切努力或尽量尽一切努力或尽量“。在科。在科技英语中表示主语为技英语中表示主语为”人们人们“的时候，一般使用被动结的时候，一般使用被动结构或者用构或者用oneone做主语的主动句。做主语的主动句。Example 3:From a composition standpoint,tool ste

45、els are From a composition standpoint,tool steels are carbon alloy steels which are capable of being carbon alloy steels which are capable of being hardened and tempered hardened and tempered (从化学组成来说，工具钢是能够被淬硬并能经过回火从化学组成来说，工具钢是能够被淬硬并能经过回火变韧的碳素合金钢。）变韧的碳素合金钢。）这里限定性定语从句这里限定性定语从句which are capable of be

46、ing which are capable of being hardened and temperedhardened and tempered修饰先行词修饰先行词carbon alloy steels carbon alloy steels。andand连接两个并列的一般式动名词被动结构，做连接两个并列的一般式动名词被动结构，做ofof的宾语，的宾语，capable of being hardened and temperedcapable of being hardened and tempered做主语补足语。）做主语补足语。）PartPart（）翻译的基础知识简介翻译的基础知识简介一

47、、什么是翻译一、什么是翻译w翻译是各个不同民族之间进行沟通和交流的工具。翻译本身翻译是各个不同民族之间进行沟通和交流的工具。翻译本身是一种语言活动，是利用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内是一种语言活动，是利用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容重新表达出来。翻译与创作不同，翻译者不能任意地表达容重新表达出来。翻译与创作不同，翻译者不能任意地表达自己的思想，他只能准确而完整地传达原作的思想内容。自己的思想，他只能准确而完整地传达原作的思想内容。w然而各民族之间由于文化背景的不同，生活习惯的差异，在然而各民族之间由于文化背景的不同，生活习惯的差异，在语言的表达上也必然存在着千差万别。各有其特点，各有其语

48、言的表达上也必然存在着千差万别。各有其特点，各有其规律。翻译即是通过不同语言的特点、规律的对比，找出相规律。翻译即是通过不同语言的特点、规律的对比，找出相应的表达手段。应的表达手段。Example 4:w试看下面的例子：试看下面的例子：wLathe sizes range from very little lathes with the Lathe sizes range from very little lathes with the length of the bed in several inches to very large length of the bed in several

49、inches to very large ones turning a work many feet in length.ones turning a work many feet in length.w车床有大有小，小的床身只有几英寸长，大的能车削许多英车床有大有小，小的床身只有几英寸长，大的能车削许多英尺长的工件。尺长的工件。w我们把原文与译文对比，就会看到原文是一个较长的简单句，我们把原文与译文对比，就会看到原文是一个较长的简单句，而译文却是三个短的单句。之所以有这样的差异，是因为英而译文却是三个短的单句。之所以有这样的差异，是因为英语在表达复杂概念时，习惯使用长句，而汉语则很少使用长语

50、在表达复杂概念时，习惯使用长句，而汉语则很少使用长句，一般都分成几个短句，层次分明，言简意赅。句，一般都分成几个短句，层次分明，言简意赅。w从这个例句不难看出，翻译决不是简单地或原封不动地照搬从这个例句不难看出，翻译决不是简单地或原封不动地照搬原文的表达形式，而是有意识地选择与原文作用相等的语言原文的表达形式，而是有意识地选择与原文作用相等的语言手段来表达原意。从这个意义上讲，翻译是一种创造性的语手段来表达原意。从这个意义上讲，翻译是一种创造性的语言活动，是一种艺术。言活动，是一种艺术。Summaryw掌握必须的专业单词（New Words）w掌握常用的专业术语（Glossary of Ter