8、浪漫主义诗歌外国文学史.ppt

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1、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义Romanticism 浪漫主浪漫主义（Romanticism）是开始于18世纪西欧的艺术、文学、和文化运动，大约发生在1790年工业革命开始的前后。它注重以以强烈的情感作烈的情感作为美学美学经验的来源的来源，并且开始强调如不安、惊恐等情绪，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壮丽时表现出的敬畏。浪漫主义是对于启蒙时代以来的贵族和专制政治文化的颠覆，以艺术和文学反抗对于自然的人为理性化。浪漫主义重视民间艺术、自然、以及传统，主张一个根基于自然的知识论，以自然的环境来解释人类的活动，包括了语言、传统、习俗。浪漫主义受到了启蒙运动的理念影响，也吸收了中世纪文化复古的艺术成分。“浪漫”一词来自

2、于“romance”代表了源于中世纪文学和浪漫文学里颂扬英雄的诗赋风格。RomanticismRomanticism is a complex artistic,literary,and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe,and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and pol

3、itical norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts,music,and literature.The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience,placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidatio

4、n,horror and aweespecially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities,both new aesthetic categories.It elevated folk art and custom to something noble,and argued for a natural epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the

5、 form of language,custom and usage.浪漫主义与音乐 浪漫主浪漫主义三大音三大音乐家莫札特、海家莫札特、海顿、贝多芬多芬 贝多芬和肖邦多芬和肖邦浪漫主义绘画威廉特纳所绘的勇莽号战舰欧仁德拉克罗瓦自由领导人民背景一，法国大革命以及自由主义（Liberalism）。二，德国古典哲学。三，英法空想社会主义（utopian socialism）。浪漫主义者的乌托邦（Utopia）意识。四，文学渊源：荷马史诗，骑士文学，英国感伤主义。Friedrich所绘的雾海上的流浪者William BlakeWilliam Blake(28 November 1757 12 Augu

6、st 1827)was an English poet,painter,and printmaker.Largely unrecognized during his lifetime,Blakes work is now considered seminal in the history of both poetry and the visual arts.Lake Poets 湖畔派诗人The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.As a grou

7、p,they followed no single school of thought or literary practice then known,although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review.They are considered part of the Romantic Movement.The three main figures of what has become known as the Lake School were William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylo

8、r Coleridge,and Robert Southey.威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth(7 April 1770 23 April 1850)was a major English Romantic poet who,with Samuel Taylor Coleridge,helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication,Lyrical Ballads.威廉威廉华兹华斯（斯（William Wordsworth，1770年年4月月7日日1850

9、年年4月月23日），英国浪日），英国浪漫主漫主义诗人，与雪莱、拜人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名，代表作有与柯名，代表作有与柯尔律治合著律治合著的的抒情歌抒情歌谣集集（Lyrical Ballads）、）、长诗序曲序曲（Prelude）等。曾当上桂冠）等。曾当上桂冠诗人，湖畔人，湖畔诗人之一，文人之一，文艺复复兴以来最重要的英以来最重要的英语诗人之一。人之一。She Dwelt Among The Untrodden Ways She dwelt among the untrodden waysBeside the springs of Dove,A Maid whom there were none t

10、o praiseAnd very few to love:A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!-Fair as a star,when only oneIs shining in the sky.She lived unknown,and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave,and,oh,The difference to me!伊人居伊人居处车马稀，稀，鸽河源河源头傍清溪。傍清溪。远离离尘世无人世无人颂，深深爱伊人有阿伊人有阿谁？青苔石畔紫青苔

11、石畔紫罗兰，半半隐半半现于眼前！于眼前！凄美犹如星一点，凄美犹如星一点，独自独自闪耀在耀在长天。天。伊人在世无人知，伊人在世无人知，伊人离世无人提。伊人离世无人提。而今已是人天隔，而今已是人天隔，独有独有诗客情自迷客情自迷!Lyrical BalladsLyrical Ballads,with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge,first published in 1798;it is typically considered to have

12、marked the beginning of the Romantic movement in literature.The immediate effect on critics was modest,but it became and remains a landmark,changing the course of English literature and poetry.乔治戈登拜伦乔治戈登拜伦，第六代拜伦男爵（George Gordon Byron,6th Baron Byron，1788年1月22日英国伦敦1824年4月19日希腊），英国诗人、作家，引领风骚的浪漫主义文学泰斗。

13、世袭男爵，人称“拜伦勋爵”（Lord Byron）。他热爱自由，除了支持英国的民主改革外，十分同情希腊的独立运动，1823年他号召一支义勇军，前往希腊支援作战，不幸于1824年因疟疾死于希腊。其代表作有恰尔德哈罗尔德游记，唐璜Don Juan等。George Gordon ByronGeorge Gordon Byron,later Noel,6th Baron Byron FRS was a British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.He is regarded as one of the greatest European poets

14、 and remains widely read and influential,both in the English-speaking world and beyond.Byrons fame rests not only on his writings but also on his life.Byron served as a regional leader of Italys revolutionary organization the Carbonari.He later travelled to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Gr

15、eek War of Independence,for which Greeks revere him as a national hero.珀西比希雪莱 Percy Bysshe Shelley(August 4,1792 July 8,1822)was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language.On A Faded Violet 一一朵枯萎的紫枯萎的紫罗兰The odor from th

16、e flower is gone,这朵花的香气已花的香气已经散失，散失，Which like thy kisses breathed on me;如你的吻如你的吻对我吐露我吐露过的的气息；气息；The color from the flower is flown,这朵花的花的颜色已色已经退去，退去，Which glowed of thee,and only thee!如你曾如你曾焕发过的明亮，的明亮，只有你！只有你！A shriveled,lifeless,vacant form,一个萎一个萎缩、死的、空虚的形、死的、空虚的形体，体，It lies on my abandoned breast

17、,它在我荒它在我荒废的胸口，的胸口，And mocks the heart,which yet is warm,以它冷漠和无声的安以它冷漠和无声的安息息With cold and silent rest.嘲弄我那仍嘲弄我那仍炽热的心。的心。I weep-my tears revive it not;我哭泣，泪水无法复活它；我哭泣，泪水无法复活它；I sigh-it breathes no more on me;我我叹息，它的气息永息，它的气息永远不再；不再；Its mute and uncomplaining lot 它沉默、无怨的命运，它沉默、无怨的命运，Is such as mine sh

18、ould be.正是我所正是我所应得的。得的。济慈John Keats John Keats(31 October 1795 23 February 1821)was one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement.During his short life,his work received constant critical attacks from periodicals of the day,but his posthumous influence on poets such as Alfred Tennyson

19、has been immense.Elaborate word choice and sensual imagery characterize Keatss poetry,including a series of odes that were his masterpieces and which remain among the most popular poems in English literature.EpitaphThis Gravecontains all that was mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET,who on his Death Bedin

20、 the Bitterness of his heart at the Malicious Power of his enemies desiredthese words to be Engraven on his Tomb Stone:(Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water.)When I have Fears that I may Cease to BeWhen I have fears that I may cease to beBefore my pen has gleand my teeming brain,Before high pi

21、led books,in charactry,Hold like rich garners the full-ripend grain;When I behold,upon the nights starrd face,Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,And think that I may never live to traceTheir shadows,with the magic hand of chance;And when I feel,fair creature of an hour!That I shall never look upo

22、n thee more,Never have relish in the faery powerOf unreflecting love;then on the shoreOf the wide world I stand alone,and think,Till Love and Fame to nothingness do sink.每当我害怕每当我害怕，生命也许等不及我的笔搜集完我蓬勃的思潮，等不及高高一堆书，在文字里，象丰富的谷仓，把熟谷子收好；每当我在繁星的夜幕上看见传奇故事的巨大的云雾征象，而且想，我或许活不到那一天，以偶然的神笔描出它的幻相；每当我感觉，呵，瞬息的美人！我也许永远

23、都不会再看到你，不会再陶醉于无忧的爱情和它的魅力！于是，在这广大的世界的岸沿，我独自站定、沉思，直到爱情、声名，都没入虚无里。维克多克多雨果雨果 Victor-Marie Hugo (February 26,1802 May 22,1885)was a French poet,playwright,novelist,essayist,visual artist,statesman,human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France.维克多克多雨果（雨果（Victor Hugo，1802年年2月月26日日18

24、85年年5月月22日），法国浪漫主日），法国浪漫主义作家的代表作家的代表人物，是人物，是19世世纪前期前期积极浪漫极浪漫主主义文学运文学运动的的领袖，法国文学袖，法国文学史上卓越的作家。史上卓越的作家。雨果几乎雨果几乎经历了了19世世纪法国的所有重大事法国的所有重大事变。一生。一生创作了众多作了众多诗歌、小歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文本、各种散文和文艺评论及政及政论文章。文章。乔治桑 Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin,later Baroness Dudevant(July 1,1804 June 8,1876),best known by her pseudonym George Sand,was a French novelist and feminist.乔治桑（George Sand）（1804年7月11日1876年6月8日），原名阿曼蒂娜欧萝尔露茜杜班（Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin），法国19世纪著名女作家，浪漫主义女性文学和女权主义文学的先驱。