专业英语课件第五讲.ppt

《专业英语课件第五讲.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专业英语课件第五讲.ppt（32页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、“三段论三段论”nIntroduction:BackgroundParaphrasingthetopicThewritersstandnBody:Topicsentenceexample,cause&effect,comparison&contrastnConclusion:AClassExercisen Develop the following topic sentences as required:Duetothechangeoffamilytypes,oldpeoplehavetotakecareoftheirownlife.（因果法因果法）Recentstudiesshowthato

2、ldpeoplehavetotakecareoftheirownlife,onemayattributetothechangeoffamilytypes.Asthenumberofoldpeoplekeepsincreasing,moreandmoreChinesefamiliesnowbelongtothe4-2-1type,withfouroldpeoplebeingtheparentsofthehusbandandthewife,thecouplethemselves,andtheironlychild.Atthesametime,thefamilyplanningpolicymakes

3、Chinahavefeweryoungpeoplecomparedwiththepast.Asaresult,Chinesepensionsystem,whichreliesonyoungpeopletoprovidefinancialsupport,isshrinking.Manypeoplemightnotbeabletotakecareoftheoldpeopleintheirfamilies.AnalysisoftheWritingAssignmentDuetothechangeoffamilytypes,oldpeoplehavetotakecareoftheirownlife.As

4、weallknow,mostfamiliesaregenerallyonly-childnow.Thechildrenhavealwaysbeencossetedbythewholefamilysincetheywerebabies.Andwiththeyaregrowingup,childreneagertobecomingindependentandenjoyingtheirownlife.Theyevenregardtheirparentsasaburdentolivewith.Asaresult,moreandmoregrown-upchildrenrefusetosupportthe

5、iragingparents,andoldpeoplehavetolookafterthemselves.AnalysisoftheWritingAssignmentAClassExercisen Develop the following topic sentences as required:Theautomobileindustryplaysanimportantroleinournationaleconomy.（对比法对比法 or 因果法因果法）First,theautomobileindustryconsistsofmanyrelevantindustries,suchasthede

6、sign,production,marketandsoon.Astheautomobileindustrydeveloping,theseindustriescanbepushedtodevelopwell.Atthesametime,theseindustrisinfluencelotsofaspectsforournationaleconomy,andtheyplaythemajorroleinournationaleconomy.Second,ourlivesgetbetterandbetter,moreandmorepeoplebuytheirowncars.Carisbecoming

7、aindispensabletraveltoolinourdailylives.Therefore,theautomobileindustryhasavastmarketandthedemand.Last,comparedtoothertraditionalindustries,theautomobileindustryhasalargeproportionofthenationaleconomy,anditdevelopsrapidly.AnalysisoftheWritingAssignmentTheautomobileindustryplaysanimportantroleinourna

8、tionaleconomy.Itmainlydisplaysinthenextthreeaspects.Tostartwith,cartaxesmakegreatcontributiontonationalfinancial.Additionally,theautomobileindustrydrivesdevelopmentofrelevantindustries,suchassteel,electronic,chemical,textile,lightindustryandetc.Lastbutnottheleast,theautomobileindustrycreatedalargenu

9、mberofjobopportunities.Therefore,wecansaythewheelsofautomobilesmovethesocietyforward？AnalysisoftheWritingAssignmentAboutUsingConnectiveWordsnUsing some connective words correctly can make your argument more coherent and clear.Somecommonconnectivewords:and,also,besides,in addition,moreover,furthermor

10、e,etc.but,however,on the contrary,nevertheless,etc.so,therefore,as a result,consequently,etc.obviously,clearly,in fact,etc.on the one hand,on the other hand,either/or,both/and,not only/but also,etc.for example,for instance,in some cases,etc.firstly,secondly,finally,etc.AClassExercisevUse appropriate

11、 connective words to fill in the blanks in the following passage about environment.Forsometimenow,scientistsandconservationistsofallkindshavebeengivingmoreandmoreurgentwarningsaboutthedangersofmansdestructionoftheenvironment._1_mostpeoplecannolongerclaimtobeignorantaboutthedamagewearedoingtoourplane

12、t._2_,wehaveanenormousamountofevidenceabouthowwearepollutingourwaters,ourlandandourforestswithchemicals.Therefore In fact/HoweverThismayoccur_3_directly,throughsuchmeansasinsecticides,orthedumpingofchemicalwastesinriversandseas,_4_,itmayhappenindirectly,suchasinthecaseofacidrain.weare_5_awarethatthe

13、lastoftheworldsgreatrainforestsarebeingcutdownatsucharatethatperhapsnonewillremainbytheendofthecentury.itseemsverystrange_6_thatsolittleisbeingdonetopreventallthisdestruction.Thereareprobablytwomainreasonsforthis._7_conservationisagainsttheinterestsofdevelopers,industrialsandpoliticians,whoaresimply

14、toogreedy,selfishorshort-sightedtoworryaboutanythingexcepttheirownimmediatebenefits.ContinuewithaClassExerciseEither/or/also/therefore/Firstly(On the one hand)ContinuewithaClassExercise_8_thereistheever-increasingpopulationoftheworld,needingmoreland,morefuelandmorefood,andquicklyusingupalltheremaini

15、ngresourcesoftheplanetjustforshort-termsurvival._9_ifwearetosaveourenvironment,wemustattack_10_politicalandindustrialself-interest_11_theproblemofoverpopulation.Secondly(On the other hand)/Obviously(Clearly,Therefore)/both/andHowtoWriteConclusionHowtoDoProofreadingAbouttheLanguagenDont simply copy s

16、entences from the introduction.n Try to use different expressions to conclude.E.g.in conclusion,to sum up,all in all(toocommon)therefore,clearly,obviously,in brief,considering the above factors,for the above reasons(morediverse)ThreeCommonTypesofConclusionnSummarizing the central argumentUsuallythew

17、riterspointofviewisreemphasized.Dontcopysentencesfromtheintroduction.E.g.Topic:Parents should control the amount of television that their children watch.Whats your opinion?Conclusion:Childrendonotalwaysknowwhatisbestforthem,andinthiscase,asinmanyothercases,theguidanceofparentsisessentialiftheyaretog

18、rowupaswell-balancedpeople.SomeCommonSentencesnSummarizing the central argument:1From what has been discussed above(Taking into account all these factors),we may safely draw(come to)the conclusion that.综上所述，我们可以得出结论。E.g.Takingintoaccountallofthesefactors,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthatwehavenotfull

19、yachievedthegoalofequalitybetweenmenandwomenyet.2.In conclusion(In summary/In a word),it is clear(obvious)that.总之（一言以蔽之），我们可以清楚的看到。E.g.In a word,it is clear that the benefit of tourismdevelopmentoutweighsitsharm.SomeCommonSentences3.Clearly(Obviously),.很明显，。E.g.Clearly,theincreasingpressurepeoplesuf

20、ferfrominthemodernsocietyisnotonlyattributedtothethroat-cuttingpaceofthesociety,buttotheinnatehuman nature of always struggling for the thingstheycanhardlyget.ThreeCommonTypesofConclusionnPredicting the future outcomes:Sometimes,thewriterwouldliketopredicttheoutcomesthatmayhappeninthefuture.E.g.Topi

21、c:Atomic energy is the best source for the worlds growing energy needs.Discuss.Conclusion:Althoughatomicenergycanneverrunout,unlikefossilfuels,itisclearthatthisdangeroussourceofenergywillwreakhavocifitisnotusedwisely.SomeCommonSentencesnPredicting the future outcomes:1Any way(In any case),whether it

22、 is good or not(it is a blessing or a curse),one thing is certain(sure/unquestionable)that.无论如何，不管好坏，可以肯定的是。E.g.Inanycase,whetheritisgoodorbad,onethingiscertain that the legalization of euthanasia will raiseseriousmoral,politicalandsocialissues.2.If we can properly handle the problem(controversy)of,

23、we will.如果我们可以合理的解决，我们就可以。E.g.If we can properly handle the problem of cultureshock,we will enjoy the fun of discovering a culturedifferentfromourown.SomeCommonSentences3.Any person(society)that ignores(is blind to)the problem of(fact that)would finally(eventually)pay a heavy price(end in disaster).

24、任何人（社会）忽视的问题（事实）最终会付出惨重的代价。E.g.Any society that ignores the fact that therapid economic development is threateningthe ecological balance of our earth wouldfinallyendindisaster.ThreeCommonTypesofConclusionnSuggesting possible solutionsThewritermaysuggestsomepossiblesolutionstotheproblemunderdiscussio

25、n.E.g.Topic:Whats your opinion on the statement that we should try hard to make our cities cleaner and safer places to live?Conclusion:Inordertoliveinacleanerandsafercity,individualeffortisessential.Aslongaseveryonedoestheirbesttoprotectourenvironment,Iamconfidentthatourcitieswillbecomecleanerandsaf

26、er.SomeCommonSentencesnSuggesting possible solutions:1.Although it cannot be solved immediately(it is much simpler to say than to do),still there are ways.The most important is to(that).虽然问题不能马上解决（知易行难），但是总有解决的办法，最重要的是。E.g.Althoughitcannotbesolvedimmediately,stillthereareways.Themostimportantistoban

27、anyjunkfoodfromourchildrensschooldinner.SomeCommonSentences2.It might be high time to heed(take)the warning of and put(place)great emphasis on.我们现在应该重视，并且努力。E.g.Itmightbehightimetoheedthewarningofglobalwarming and put great emphasis on protecting ourenvironment.3.It is necessary(essential)that prope

28、r(effective)measures(actions)should be taken to.现在应该采取适当的（有效的）措施去。E.g.Itisnecessarythatproperactionsshouldbetakentocurbthefastincreaseofprivatecarsinsomebigcities.AClassExercisenWrite a conclusion for each of the following topics as required:1)What changes has television brought to our life?(summari

29、zingthecentralargument)2)Computers have greatly improved the quality of our lives.Do you agree?(predictingthefutureoutcomes)3)People in modern societies are increasingly finding themselves under greater pressure and having less leisure time.What do you think are the reasons for this?(Suggestingpossi

30、blesolutions)AnswerKeytotheClassExercise1.Inaword,televisionhaschangedourlifeinmanyways.However,itsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages.2.Tosumup,computersinthe21stcenturywillhelppeopletorealizealmostallkindsoftheirdreams and the Earth will become an idealplace for people to live in.Computers willdras

31、ticallyimproveourlivingstandardalmostbeyondourimagination.3.Maybe the government should make somepolicies to reducethe burden of people fromwork and take effective measures to releasepeoplefrompressure.WhattoProofreadnThe suffix s of the plural form of a noun:privatecars,traditionalvaluesnThe suffix

32、 s of the third person singular verb:goes,takes,pollutesnSpelling:government,environment,nowadays,conveniencenThe use of you:people,onenThe use of over-generalizing words:all,always,never,everyone,mustTwoLegsofEnglishWritingnAsolidgraspofEnglishgrammar:partofspeech,passivetense,clause,tensenAcertain

33、sizeofactive vocabulary:Practiceeverynewlylearntworduntilitbecomesactive.Learnanewwordin its contextbutnotonitsown.Dont trynewlylearntwordsinrealtest.AClassExercisenComputersareanessentialpartofourlives.Because all aspects of modern society areaffectedbythem.Beforewehavecomputersalltransactionsinvol

34、vedstoringandretrievinginformation were very time-consuming andlabor-intensive.(incomplete sentence and incorrect reduced relative clause)Computers are an essential part of our lives,because all aspects of modern society areaffected by them.Before we had computers,alltransactionsinvolvingstoringandr

35、etrievinginformation were very time-consuming andlabor-intensive.AClassExercisenThedevelopofpersonalcomputersinparticular effect on peoples lives becausesmall businesses can easy afford them andthismakestheirworkmoreefficiency.(wrong parts of speech)The development of personal computers inparticular

36、 affect peoples lives because smallbusinesses can easily afford them and thismakestheirworkmoreefficient.AClassExercisenNowadays anyone who study at universityneed to learn how to use computer.Mostlecturer expect that essay are typed and inmanysubjectcalculationandothertaskmustalsobedonebycomputer.(

37、subject/verb agreement;countable nouns in the singular must have an article;plural is safer.)Nowadays,anyone who studies at universityneeds to learn how to use computer.Mostlecturers expect essays to be typed and inmany subjects calculation and other tasksmustalsobedonebycomputer.ContinuewithaClassE

38、xercisenIn recent years software packages becameeasiertouseandsomanypeoplewhothinkbeforethattheyaretoooldtolearnhadbeenabletolearntodosimplewordprocessing.(tenses)Inrecentyearssoftwarepackageshavebecomeeasiertouseandsomanypeoplewhothoughtbefore that they were too old to learn,havebeen able to learn

39、to do simple wordprocessing.ContinuewithaClassExercisenSchools as well as colleges are providedcomputercoursesindevelopedcountriesbutit is needed a big investment for suchequipmenttomake availabletomanystudents and most schools in developingcountriescannotaffordthis.(active/passive)Schoolsaswellasco

40、llegesprovidecomputercoursesindevelopedcountries,butitneedsa big investment for such equipment to bemadeavailabletomanystudents,andmostschoolsindevelopingcountriescannotaffordthis.ContinuewithaClassExercisenWecouldnotknowwhatfuturedevelopmentstherewillbeinthisareabutmostpeoplethinkthatcomputerswouldbeevenmorewidespreadinthenextcentury.(modal verbs and tenses)Wecannotknowwhatfuturedevelopmentstherewillbeinthisarea,butmostpeoplethink that computers will be even morewidespreadinthenextcentury.