第二章结构化建模与工具PPT讲稿.ppt
《第二章结构化建模与工具PPT讲稿.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第二章结构化建模与工具PPT讲稿.ppt(85页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、第二章结构化建模与工具第1页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.1.1 结构化方法概述软件工程方法的主要概念和技术:自顶向下的设计方法 结构化程序设计 模块化 逐步求精和功能分解 软件质量度量 程序设计语言的抽象主要步骤代表性的结构化方法 DeMarco方法、Yourdon方法、Jacson方法、Martin信息工程方法等。第2页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二软件工程方法程序开发步骤第3页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.1.2 DeMarco结构化分析方法分析步骤:1.描述当前系统的物理模型2.抽象当前系统的逻辑模型3.设计目标系统的逻辑模型4.建立目标系统的物理模型(可多个
2、)5.估算物理模型的成本和进度6.选择一个物理模型作为目标系统的需求7.将结构化规格说明组装:DFD+DD+小说明第4页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Demacro方法步骤第5页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第6页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第7页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.1.3Yourdon 结构化设计设计步骤:1.划出数据流图2.划出程序结构图(变化分析和事务分析)3.评估设计(耦合性、内聚性度量)4.实现设计(物理程序设计)使用的表示工具DFD、MSD、IPO图、模块说明第8页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第9页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二
3、第10页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.1.4 Jackson程序设计方法设计步骤:1.数据步:画出所有输入、输出数据流的网络图,再表示为分层结构。2.程序步:把数据结构组合成一个程序结构。(通过识别数据结构模块间的消费生产者关系)3.操作步:列出将输入变成输出的操作,安排在程序结构中的合适地方。4.正文步:用伪码描述的程序设计。表达工具:系统网络图、树型结构图、结构化正文(伪码)第11页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第12页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第13页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.1.5 Martin信息工程方法分析步骤:1.规划信息策略:企业的全局模
4、型及其数据。2.应用领域分析:定义具体业务领域的实体及其关系。3.系统设计:程序结构、数据结构、动作图、屏幕/报告格式等。4.构造:物理设计和程序实现。表达工具:实体关系图、数据依赖图、动作图等。第14页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第15页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二第二章 结构化建模与工具 2.2 PowerDesigner建模PowerDesigner是Sybase公司推出的一组结构化模型设计工具。由六个工具集成:ProcessAnalyst:用于系统分析。DataArchitect:用于数据库建模。Appmodeler:用于应用对象和数据敏感组件的生成。Warehouse
5、Architect:用于数据仓库建模。Viewer:用于以只读的方式访问模型。第16页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二2.2.1 ProcessAnalyst ProcessAnalyst Model Basics MethodologyBusiness RulesDomains and data itemsProcesses Global and local objectsChecking a PAMCRUD matrix&Report Example第17页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二ProcessAnalyst Model BasicsWhat is a PAM?PAM:Pr
6、ocess Analyst Model.ProcessAnalyst is a PowerDesigner tool which enables you to represent the processes in your information system.A PAM shows how data is transformed and shows the functional processes applied to the data.第18页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二A PAM enables you to:Analyze the processes of a systemRe
7、present these processes in the form of a modelCreate a hierarchical tree structure representing these processesProcessAnalyst Model Basics第19页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Objects in a PAM:Data item:Elementary piece of informationExternal entity:Active object which transmits or receives data from the systemProc
8、ess:Data transformationData flow:Transfer of data between processes,external entities,and data storesData store:Place where data in the model is storedProcessAnalyst Model Basics第20页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二MethodologyProcessAnalyst supports four methods:Object Modeling Technique(OMT)functional modelYourdo
9、n/DeMarcoGane&SarsonStructured System Analysis and Design Methodology(SSADM)第21页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二All methodologies implemented in ProcessAnalyst use the same data processing concepts:Process:Black box which receives data,transforms it,and produces a result.Process decomposition:Breakdown of the pro
10、cess into several lower hierarchical levels.External entity:Source of data used in the modelData store:Location where data is temporarily or permanently stored in the systemData flow:Transfer of data between the various components of the system第22页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Business RulesWhat is a business r
11、ule?A business rule is a rule that your business follows.A business rule could be a government-imposed law,a customer requirement,or an internal guidelinBusiness rules guide and document the creation of a model.business rules complement model graphics with information that is not easily represented
12、graphicallyExpressions remind you to create validation rules if you use the PAM as a basis for creating a CDM第23页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Types of business rulesDefinition:Characteristics or properties of an object in the information system.e.g:A customer is a person identified by a name and an address.Fac
13、t:Certainty or an existence in the information system.e.g:A client may place one or more orders.Business Rules第24页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Types of business rulesFormula:Calculation employed in the information system.e.g:The total order is the sum of all the order line costs.Validation:Constraint on a valu
14、e in the information system.e.g:The sum of the order totals for a given client must not be greater than that clients allowance.Applying business rules to objectsYou can apply a business rule to existing objects.Business Rules第25页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Domains and data itemsWhat is a Domain?Domain help yo
15、u identify the types of information in your project.Applying domains to data items makes it easier to standardize data characteristics.In a PAM,you can associate the following information with a domain:Data type,length,and precisionCheck parametersBusiness rules第26页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二What is a data i
16、tem?A data item is an elementary piece of information in the data dictionary.Rather than creating an attribute directly attached to an object,you can define a data item first and then attach it to an object.You can add data items to data stores and to data flows using the data store and data flow pr
17、operty sheets.Domains and data items第27页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二check parametersCheck parameters indicate data ranges and validation rules.You can attach check parameters to domains and data items.There are two types of check parameters:Standard parameters:Common data controls(minimum,maximum,and accepted
18、 values).Validation rules:Customized rules for data validation.Domains and data items第28页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Processes What is a process?A process represents a transformation of data.For example,in a model about the publication of books,selecting a manuscript is a process.SpecificationsSpecifications
19、are fragments of code which contain the logic behind lowest-level processes.You can only attach specifications to a lowest-level process第29页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Decomposing a processYou can decompose a process into lower level processes which more closely analyze the various transformations carried out
20、 by the parent process.When you decompose a process,you create a new model called a subprocess.Analyzing the decompositionYou can analyze the decomposition of the root process using a process tree.The presentation of the process in the form of a tree structure enables you to see the levels of decomp
21、osition clearly.Processes 第30页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Identifying decomposed processesWhen you use OMT,Yourdon/DeMarco and Gane&Sarson methodologies,a plus sign(+)indicates that the process is decomposed.When you use SSADM methodology,an asterisk(*)indicates that the process is not decomposed.Processes 第3
22、1页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二Global and local objectsThere are two types of objects in a PAM:Global:Data store and External entity.It exists at all levels of decomposition of the root process.Local:Process,Data flow,Migrated flow,Split/merge.It exists at a particular level of decomposition of the root proces
23、s.第32页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二What is a data store?A data store is a global object which stores data in the model.A data store responds to requests for storing and accessing data.It cannot initiate any actions.You can fill data stores automatically with data items coming from data flows or object creation
24、 flows.Global and local objects第33页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二What is a external entity?An external entity represents a entity which is external to the system under analysis.It acts as a data source or data target,providing or accepting data from the system.Global and local objects第34页,共85页,编辑于2022年,星期二What
25、a data flow?Data flows are local objects which represent the transfer of data between processes,external entities and data stores.Data flow type:In the OMT functional model there are three types of data flows:logical,control and object creation.In the Yourdon/DeMarco model there are two types of dat
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 第二 结构 建模 工具 PPT 讲稿
限制150内