2017年高考英语动词时态语态复习.ppt

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1、EnglishBasicverbTenses(时态时态)&Voices(语态）语态）时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态时态为为：一般现在时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、行时、一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时过去将来时等等。2、时间、条件、让步时间、条件、让步等等状语从句状语从句中动词的时态；中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态

2、呼应问题。呼应问题。3、延续性动词延续性动词和和终止性动词终止性动词的用法区别。的用法区别。4、及物动词（及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。的被动语态。5、某些以、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。的用法。1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如频率的时间状语连用，如always,often/usually/frequently,sometimes,every,at,onSundays/.动词的时态动词的时态（Tenses)Fillintheblanks.I _(study)hard abroad every

3、 day and I _(get)along well with my roommates,but sometimes I _(miss)my families.studygetmiss.一一.一般现一般现在时在时(ThePresentIndefinite)Correct the sentence.The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun._2)表客观事实、普遍真理。表客观事实、普遍真理。注意：注意：主语为第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）的人名、单个

4、的事物名称）谓语动词谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.movesThe shop will close at 9:00 p.m._3)表示按表示按计划、规定，时间表计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等等位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词，常与时间状语连用常与时间状语连用The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in 2

5、minutes.closes一般现在时的典型例句一般现在时的典型例句1.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the welleducated.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.3.Remember to send me a photo of us next time you write to me.注意一些特殊的连词 until,as soon as,the moment,immediately;as long as,unless4.There

6、comes the bus.汽车来了 There goes the bell.铃响了 二二.现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)2)表示目前表示目前这段时间这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。但说话时动作未必正在进行。We _(have)English class now.are havingShe _(learn)piano under Mr.Smithat present.is learning1)表示现在表示现在这个时刻这个时刻(指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事正在发生的事情。情。l Translate the s

7、entence.l这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。The girl is always talking loud in public.进行时态与进行时态与always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/allthetime等频度副词等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多用于位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,take off.I_(l

8、eave)tomorrow._ you _(stay)here till next week?am leavingArestayingl4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。情。lIts late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder.Correct the sentence.lAll the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School._belongl(1)表心理状态、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,ca

9、re,remember,believe,want,mind,agree,mean,needl(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。l(3)瞬间动词瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。l(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。【注意注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：类动词无进行时态：l现在进行时典型句型现在进行

10、时典型句型1.He is always asking me the same question.Thats boring！2.-Do you work here？-No，Im just helping out until the new secretary comes.现在进行时和一般现在时的比较现在进行时和一般现在时的比较 l暂时性动作和经常性动作暂时性动作和经常性动作l The computer is working perfectly.l计算机运转得很好。（暂时）计算机运转得很好。（暂时）The computer works perfectly.l计算机运转很好。（一直如此）计算机运转很

11、好。（一直如此）l 持续性动作和短暂性动作持续性动作和短暂性动作l The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）车停了下来。（渐渐地）The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）车停了。（迅速）l 暂时性动作和永久性动作暂时性动作和永久性动作 She is living in the country.l 她现在住在农村。（暂时）她现在住在农村。（暂时）She lives in the country.l她住在农村。（永久）她住在农村。（永久）l 有感情色彩和没有感情色彩有感情色彩和没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school.l 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬

12、）他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）He does well at school.l他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）三三.现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1).现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,通常用于通常用于延续性动词延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用常与表一段时间的状语连用,如如:so far,up to/till now,lately/recently,in/during/overthelast/past,since,for 等等He _(live)in

13、 Guiyang over the past 6 years.has lived2).说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了一种经历，表示过去的某一动作对现在造成一种经历，表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等等.We _(finish)our lunch already._ you ever _(try)this method?have finishedHavetried注意：注意：I have received

14、 his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for almost a month.非延续性非延续性/瞬间瞬间/终止性动词终止性动词的否定形式可以与的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。如：如：begin/start,find,see,marry,buy，borrow,return,die,get等。等。（错）（错）（对）（对）Lets practice1.Daniel _(live)in Beijing since he

15、 came to China.2.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.3.I went to Egypt in 1986.Then in 2004 I went there again.I _(be)to Egypt twice.has livedhave just playedhave beensince和和for 填空since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。I have lived here _ at least twenty years.I have liv

16、ed here _ I was born.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsince现在完成时典型句型现在完成时典型句型1.My brother has never been abroad before.2.It is/has been three years since he joined the army.3.In(over)the past 10 years,our school have changed a lot.4.It is the first time that I have been there.5.Howard is one of the most famous explor

17、ers the world has ever known.语篇填空语篇填空 Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce you plans for our school.A lot of work 1 _(do)in the past few years.The library 2 _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.1.由时间状语由时间状语in the past few years可知。可知。2.根据根据is ready for use可推出。可推出。ha

18、s been donehas been completed四四.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示表示从过去开始的一个从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is g

19、oing to considerB句意：既然露西失业了，她一直句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。下来。解析解析 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作动作从过去开始从过去开始，但现在完成时可表示，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束，事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。则强调动作仍在继续。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的对比：_past&pastpastnowfuture_past&pastpastnowfuturePPT:havedonehavebeendoingPPCTLi J

20、ia _ (read)a book about Stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)Li Jia _(read)a book about Stonehenge.(She is still reading the book.)hasreadhasbeenreading 五五.一般过去时一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如常与表过去的时间连用。如 yesterday,last,ago,in,then,justnow,theotherday

21、等。等。I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends in the countrysideseveral years ago.Spent注注意意：l2.表示说话人始料未及的事情表示说话人始料未及的事情，要用，要用一般过去时。一般过去时。lI didnt know it was you.lI never expected you would bring me a gift.一般过去时的典型例句1.He often sang when he was a boy.2.-Edward，you play so well.But I didnt kn

22、ow you played the piano.3.You speak very good French!Thanks.I studied French in Sichuan University for four years.4.I think the film was interesting,but it isnt.(T/F)thought过去时过去时 和现在完成时和现在完成时lHe has lived in Beijing for four years.l他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）lHe lived in Beijing for four y

23、ears.l他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）l1.He has written to me frequently since I was ill.l2.He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.l句句1从句谓语动词为状态动词从句谓语动词为状态动词l句句2从句谓语动词为终止性动词从句谓语动词为终止性动词l自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。l自从我生病以来，他屡次给我写信。自从我生病以来，他屡次给我写信。lIt is one year since he began li

24、ving there.lIt is one year since he lived there.l若若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持持续性动词或表示状态的动词续性动词或表示状态的动词的的过去时过去时时，时，则从句表示的时间是则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作结束从那持续动作结束或状态结束时算起或状态结束时算起”。lIt is half a month since he was a student.lI havent heard any noise since I slept.(1)During the summer of 2010 she _(travel)in

25、 Europe.was traveling五五.过去进行时过去进行时 The past continuous tense规则规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作频繁发生的动作.(3)I _(wonder)if you could give me a lift.was wondering规则规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.(2)I met Diana while I _(shop)this morning.规规则则2：某某一一动动作作发发生生时时另另一一动动作作正正在在发发生生，常常用于由用于由when/whil

26、e,as引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中.was shopping仅限于仅限于wonder，want,hope等，用于提出请求。等，用于提出请求。七七.过去完成时过去完成时(had done)表示过去的过表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。发生的事情或存在的状态。1)1)表示表示过去某时间过去某时间前前已经发生的动作或已经发生的动作或情况情况(过去的过去过去的过去）IhadstayedinBeijingforthreeyearsby2003.当我去到机场时当我去到机场时,他已经走了他已经走了.When I got to the a

27、irport,_.他说他之前读过这本书他说他之前读过这本书.He said_.lBy the end of last month we have viewed scores of websites.he had already lefthe had read the book beforehadWe arrived earlier than we_(expect).had expected规则规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用承诺等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expect

28、ed(that/todo)或用上述动词的过去式接不定或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto(havedone)。The employer _(interview)all the employees next Wednesday.Professor Smith _(lecture)on modern drama tonight.The dark clouds is/was gathering.There _(be)a storm.will interview八八.一般一般(过去过去)将来时将来时(TheSimple/PastFutureTen

29、se)1.表示表示(过去过去)将来将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。will/would+v.is going to lecture2.表表(过去过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。am/is/are(was/were)going to+v.is/was going to belThey will say/said goodbye,little knowing they _ never _(meet)again.lHe _(apologize)to me when someone gave a sudden blow on his

30、shoulder.will(would)/are(were)meet/to meet3.am/is/are(was/were)todosth.表按计划、安表按计划、安排排(过去过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等禁止、可能性等.was about to apologize4.am/is/are(was/were)abouttodosth.(when)“正正/就要做某事就要做某事”（不与具体时间连用）（不与具体时间连用）lI _(enjoy)the beautiful sunshine bath in Florida this weeken

31、d.We _(accomplish)the service task in this community before next Saturday.will be enjoying九九.将来进行时将来进行时TheFutureContinousTense表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。willbe+v-ingwill have accomplished十十.将来完成时将来完成时TheFuturePerfectTense表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。willhave+v.pp状状语语从从句句中中的的时时态态l1.-Can I join th

32、e club,Dad?l -You can when you _ a bit older.l A.get B.will getlC.are gettingD.will have gotl2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they _.l A.have survivedB.are to survivel C.would surviveD.will surviveABl3.The WTO cant live up to its name unless it will include a country that

33、 is home to one-fifth of mankind._l4.Japan will never be recovered/restored even if it will return Diaoyu Islands to China._ 5.The harder you will study,the better results you will get.doesdoes含有状语从句的主从复合句时态含有状语从句的主从复合句时态主将从现主将从现。1.Leave it with me and I _ what I can do.A.see B.seeing C.am seeing D.

34、will see2.Please give blood if you can or some lives _.A.scare away B.could scare away C.scared away D.to scare awayDB在祈使句在祈使句and/or/陈述句句型中，陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用陈述句中只能用will/情态动词情态动词动词原形。动词原形。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.l=Hardly/Scarcely _ we been seated when the bus started.l=The bus

35、started as soon as we were seated.hadHardly/scarcely过去完成时过去完成时+when一般过去时一般过去时Nosooner过去完成时过去完成时+than一般过去时一般过去时动词的语态动词的语态 (voices)(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp动动词词时时态态语语态态一一览览表表(以以do为为例例）am/is/are done

36、am/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done1、对于这个问题，关注很少。、对于这个问题，关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。It is re

37、ported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.主动和被动主动和被动 get done1).The patient got treated once a week.2).He got injured while searching for the lost boy in the woods.3).Try to avoid _(受受伤伤害）害）while being

38、in love with others.getting hurt4).Cleaning women in big cities usually get _（pay）by the hour.paid二、二、主主动动形式形式 表表 被被动动意意义义1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.T

39、he yogurt in the fridge _ (已已经变质经变质）.has gone bad 2.表示开始、表示开始、结结束、运束、运动动的的动词动词。如如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等等主主动动表被表被动动。Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.3.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame主动表被动。主动表被动。The equipment in

40、the corner _ (需要修理需要修理).requires repairingI feel it is your husband who _(blame)for the spoiled child.The man _(blame)for the accident has been punished.Whodoyouthink_forthefailureoftheirmarriage?A.toblameB.tobeblameC.istoblameD.istobeblamed CistoblametoblameTheclothwasheswell.Hisbookdoesnotsell.4.表

41、示主语的某种属性特征的动词表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如read,write,act,iron,draw,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词这类动词一般一般不单独使用不单独使用，常有常有well,easily等修饰语。等修饰语。Have a test!1、Illgivethebooktohimassoonashe_(come)back.2、Hasthebaby_cryingyet?(stop)3、IdontknowwhetherMother_metoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、She_onhercoata

42、ndwentout.(put)comesstoppedwilltakeput5、“Whataretheydoing?”“They_readyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)6、Theboyaskedhismother_himgoandplaybasketball.(let)7、Imsorrytokeepyou_foralongtime.(wait)aregettingtoletwaiting8、Mr.Yu_(teach)usmathssince1982.9.Thewindowsofourlab_(clean)onceaweek.10、Ourteacher_(join)the

43、partytwentyyearsago.11、She_(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.hastaughtarecleanedjoinedhasworked12.ItisthefirsttimethatI_(visit)thecity13.Nosooner_he_(enter)theofficethanthetelephonerang14.ItismysecondtimethatI_(see)thisbook.havevisitedhadenteredhaveseen15.I_(do)myhomeworkwhenUFOarrived.16.WhileI_(sleep

44、),myfathercamein.17.Workhardandyou_(succeed)，wasdoingwassleepingwillsucceed=Workinghard,youwillsucceedpart three动词动词变三单动词变三单：动词第三人称单数的变化规则：、一般情况下，词尾加s，如；like-likes,want-wants.、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es，如，watch-watches,go-goes。、以y结尾的归两大类：元音+y要加s，如play-plays 辅音+y要变y为i+es如study-studies动词动词ing变化规则变化规则1.通常在动词后加

45、ing。如 playplaying2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加ing。如 makemaking 3.以辅元辅辅元辅结尾的动词，双写末尾字母，再加ing。如 runrunning,cut,begin,shut 4.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。如 lielying 注：travel/quarrel可双写l，也可不双写。如 traveltravelling/traveling 5.Refer referring,prefer,occur 动词过去式变化动词过去式变化:1 e,ie 结尾的动词,直接加d:smile-smiled;.died;tied.2 一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾

46、的动词:(1)对单音节单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.stopped;planned;(2)对双音节单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed.如:preferred(重读在fer前);admitted;referred;4 y结尾的情况:元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed:played;enjoyed.辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed:worried;studied.1.(2015江苏高考江苏高考)Therealreasonwhyprices_(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyex

47、plainthisproblem.2.(2015湖南高考湖南高考)Asyougothroughthisbook,you_(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarhadadifferentexperience.werewillfind3.(2015湖南高考湖南高考)HemusthavesensedthatI_(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?”4.(2015湖南高考湖南高考)Ihadastrongde

48、siretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.waslookingwasheld5.(2015北京高考北京高考)Didyouenjoytheparty?Yes.We_(treat)wellbyourhosts.6.(2015北京高考北京高考)Inthelastfewyears,China_(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.weretreatedhasmade7.(2015重庆高考重庆高考)IsPetercoming?No,he_(cha

49、nge)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.8.(2015重庆高考重庆高考)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat_(cut).changedhasbeencutverb（谓语）（谓语）tense（时态）（时态）voice（语态）（语态）subject-verbagreement（主谓一致）（主谓一致）non-verb（非谓语）（非谓语）element（成分）（成分）logicalsubject（逻辑主语）（逻辑主语）relation（关系）（关系）1.B

50、eingtooanxioustohelpaneventoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourdestination.（2008年广东高考）年广东高考）2.China_(be)famousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.(2013年惠年惠州模拟）州模拟）3.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模年广州一模)4.Thechild_(take)goodcareofb