2017英语高考一轮复习语法时态语态精炼版.ppt

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1、时态语态时态语态 熟读深思熟读深思 My dear classmates,I am Lin Fan,chairman of student union.I am writing1 to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus:littering and scribbling.It has been making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropri

2、ate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week,the student union held4 a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems.We were having5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting,the headmaster said that the school had made6 efforts to improve this situa

3、tion and more dustbins would be placed7 around.Recently,the student union has set up8 specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time,all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that,with the joint efforts of both teachers and students,our school will become9 a

4、 more enjoyable place in the near future.Yours faithfully,Lin Fan1.现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2.现在完成进行时，表示过去就开始一直延续现在完成进行时，表示过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3.一般现在时。经常性或习惯性动作。一般现在时。经常性或习惯性动作。4.一般过去时。在过去某个时间里（一般过去时。在过去某个时间里（last week 上周）所发生的动作。上周）所发生的动作。5.过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动过去进行时，在过去某

5、一时间正在进行的动作。作。熟读深思熟读深思 6.过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。7.过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8.现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。在造成的影响或结果。9.一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的一般

6、将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。动作或存在的状态。时态语态与高考时态语态与高考 1.在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。其中，最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是其中，最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时态，以主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时态，以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。被动语态是可能要考的内容，特别是一般被动语态是可能要考的内容，特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。2.短短文文改改错错最最可可能能考考查查上上下下文文时时态态不不一一致致

7、，也也可能考被动语态漏掉可能考被动语态漏掉be或过去分词拼写错误。或过去分词拼写错误。3.若若掌掌握握好好被被动动语语态态，在在写写作作中中适适当当运运用用，可可使使句句子子更更加加多多样样化化，有有时时甚甚至至会会令令句句子子更更加加自然、生动。自然、生动。注注意意，在在语语法法填填空空中中，如如括括号号中中所所给给词词是是动动词词，可可能能是是考考时时态态语语态态，可可能能是是考考非非谓谓语语动动词词，也也可可能能是是考考词词类类转转换换，要要根根据据句句子子成分去判断。成分去判断。在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断：方面来进行判断：看句

8、子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。看上下文的谓语动词的形式。看上下文的谓语动词的形式。看是否是特殊的句型。看是否是特殊的句型。1.不不知知道道或或没没有有必必要要说说明明动动作作的的执执行行者者是是谁谁，或或者者需需要要突突出出或或强强调调动动作作的的承承受受者时，就要用者时，就要用被动语态被动语态。2.只只有有及及物物动动词词才才有有被被动动语语态态。但但cost，have,own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等等及及物物动动词词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。注

9、意：注意：3.像像happen，occur,come about,take place等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。4.带有带有介词介词的短语动词的被动语态，不的短语动词的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。如：要漏掉介词。如：The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。5.以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：系系动动词词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等等用用主主动

10、动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，主主语语通通常常是事物。如：是事物。如：The material feels very soft.这这种种料料子子摸摸起来很柔软。起来很柔软。write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock,burn,wear,run,draw等等与与well，badly，easily等等副副词词连连用用，表示主语的表示主语的内在品质或性能内在品质或性能时。如：时。如：The book sells well.那本书很畅销。那本书很畅销。cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等动词用于等动词用于进行时

11、态进行时态时。如：时。如：The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。鱼正在煮。题干中常出现的标志词或时间状语有：(1)一 般 现 在 时：sometimes,now and then,often,every day/week,on Sundays等。(2)一般过去时：yesterday,last week,three years ago,the other day(几天前),the day before yesterday,once upon a time,in 1990等(3)一般将来时：next week,tomorrow,in a week,in the future,later

12、 on,the day after tomorrow等(4)现在进行时：look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等。(5)过去进行时：then,at that time,those days等。(6)将来进行时：at this time tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,from.to.tomorrow等。(7)现在完成时：lately,recently,so far,yet,ever since,by now,up to/until now,since then,in the last/past few days

13、/years等。(8)过去完成时：by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012,before 1999,“by the time句子”等。(9)将来完成时：“by将来的某个时间”，when/before引导的时间状语从句。(10)现在完成进行时：all this morning,these few days,all night,this month,recently等。时间或条件状语从句的“主将从主将从现现”原则：如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句或条

14、件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；若主句为一般过去时，则从句也用相应的过去时态。(2015安徽卷)If you come to visit China,you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.1(2015新课标卷)It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.2(2015新课标卷)This cycle _(go)day after day:the walls warm up durin

15、g the day and cool off during the night.3(2015广东卷)While making great efforts to run away,she _(fall)over the hill and died.goesarrivedfell一、单句填空一、单句填空 4(2015广东卷)He made cheese and butter for the family with what _(leave)5(2014新课标卷)A boy on a bike _(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and

16、 waving his arms.6(2014辽宁卷)Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing”in English.7(2014广东卷)We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.caughtwas leftis calledwere told二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years?It 1 _(take)me almost 20 years to have the courage to eve

17、n ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking,the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that,in the past,2 _(start)him drinking again.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3 _ _(begin)again.took would have sta

18、rted wouldbegin“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day,”was Dads reply to my 18-year-old unasked question.And then he 4 _(share)the poem with me.About a month after this talk with my father,when I 5 _(have)a rest,I received a gift in the mail from a fr

19、iend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.shared was having It 6 _(be)my experience that when you 7 _(get)something with days of the year on it,you 8 _(turn)to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10

20、 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There,on my birthday,was the exact same poem that 9 _(help)my father for all these years!It 10 _(call)the Serenity Prayer.has been get will turn had helped is called 三、单句改错三、单句改错 1.It is the first time that he talked with his father face to

21、face.talked has talked 在在It is the firs/second/third time that sb.have/has done sth(某人第某人第几次做某事几次做某事)句型中，句型中，that后面的谓语动词用后面的谓语动词用现在完成时。现在完成时。2.The vase isnt belong to him.isnt doesnt 因因belong to 短语是行为动词，短语是行为动词，其否定式是在其前面加其否定式是在其前面加doesnt；该短语也不；该短语也不能用于被动结构。能用于被动结构。3.She insisted that she organized t

22、he trip on her own.organized organize 因因insist 表示表示“坚持坚持要求要求”时，其后时，其后that从句的谓语用从句的谓语用“(should)do sth”。4.In the last twenty years,great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉去掉have后的后的been 因表示因表示“发生发生”的的take place,happen,occur,come about等都等都不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。5.As time go by,online shopping i

23、s becoming more and more popular.go goes 主语是主语是time，为第三人称单数，为第三人称单数，谓语动词谓语动词go也用第三人称单数也用第三人称单数goes。6.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip.在在dreamed前加上前加上have 因因Ever since 短语短语作状语，句子的谓语动词用现在完成时。作状语，句子的谓语动词用现在完成时。7.Hardly I sat down when I heard the

24、shocking news.在在I前加前加had 因因hardly had sb.done when sb.did.(刚刚就就)是固定句型。是固定句型。8.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在在translated前加前加been 因主语因主语the book 与与translate之间是被动关系，用被动语态。之间是被动关系，用被动语态。9.In the last few years,thousands of films have produced all over

25、 the world.在在have后加后加been 因因in the last few years 常与现常与现在完成时连用，而在完成时连用，而films与与produce是被动关系，故是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。用现在完成时的被动语态。10.Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they received from China.在在received前加前加had 因因“接受援助接受援助”在在“表达感表达感谢谢”之前，即之前，即“接受接受”是过去的过去，要用过去是过去的过去，要用过去完成时。完成时。11.The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在在care后加后加of 因因take care of才能表达才能表达“照照顾顾”之意，注意，这类含介词的短语在被之意，注意，这类含介词的短语在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词。动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词。12.The new teaching building was builded last year.builded built 因为因为build的过去分词是的过去分词是built，不规则变化。，不规则变化。