fastreading快速阅读.ppt

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1、Fast ReadingBy Qin Yan 阅读阅读 传统阅读传统阅读（慢读）（慢读）快速阅读快速阅读（速读）速读）字、词为单位字、词为单位 组或行、块为单位组或行、块为单位 左脑：逻辑、数字、左脑：逻辑、数字、文字等非形象化的信息文字等非形象化的信息 右脑：图形和图像右脑：图形和图像传统阅读：传统阅读：1.文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激；文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激；2.视网膜把这种物理过程转化为神经活动的视网膜把这种物理过程转化为神经活动的生物过程，传送到大脑的视觉中枢；生物过程，传送到大脑的视觉中枢；3.视觉中枢处理后传达到语言中枢；视觉中枢处理后传达到语言中枢；4.语言中枢再传递到听觉中枢

2、；语言中枢再传递到听觉中枢；5.听觉中枢传输到记忆中枢。听觉中枢传输到记忆中枢。这是一个自己读给自己听的过程，即使是这是一个自己读给自己听的过程，即使是高水平的默读也是如此，只不过外部动作高水平的默读也是如此，只不过外部动作控制得比较好罢了。所以，一般人在以传控制得比较好罢了。所以，一般人在以传统阅读法阅读时，实际上是在统阅读法阅读时，实际上是在“读书读书”，而不是在真正而不是在真正“看书看书”。快速阅读（快速阅读（“眼脑直映眼脑直映”式阅读）式阅读）：1.1.文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激之后所产生的文字信息对眼睛产生光学刺激之后所产生的整体文字图像，直接传送到右脑以图像的形整体文字图像，直接传

3、送到右脑以图像的形式记忆住；式记忆住；2.2.大脑将文字图像解析出来。大脑将文字图像解析出来。速读这种速读这种“眼脑直映眼脑直映”式的阅读的方法式的阅读的方法省略了省略了语言中枢语言中枢和和听觉中枢听觉中枢这两个可有可无的中间这两个可有可无的中间环节，即文字信号直接映入大脑记忆中枢进环节，即文字信号直接映入大脑记忆中枢进行理解和记忆。行理解和记忆。这实际上是一种单纯运用视这实际上是一种单纯运用视觉的阅读方式觉的阅读方式。所以说。所以说“眼脑直映眼脑直映”式的快式的快速阅读，才是真正的速阅读，才是真正的“看书看书”。传统阅读模式图：眼睛视觉中枢语言中枢听觉中枢理解记忆 快速阅读模式图：眼睛视觉中

4、枢理解记忆 快速阅读的要领：快速阅读的要领：要用眼睛读，不要用声音读要用眼睛读，不要用声音读。在阅读文章时，将所看到文字直接在大脑中唤起意识。阅读时人的眼睛眼睛处于运动和停顿的交替过程中，只有在眼停时才能感知字句，每次眼停时感知的文字量愈大，阅读的速度就愈快；眼停的次数越少，阅读的速度也越快。换句话说，阅读时要尽量摄入较大的文字信息量，每次眼停时不是感知一个字、一个词，而是要感知整句话或整段文字。快速阅读的主要方法：快速阅读的主要方法：略读（略读（skimming）“全景式全景式”通览全文，快速了解大意和主题通览全文，快速了解大意和主题思想。读者要有选择性的忽略阅读材料中思想。读者要有选择性的

5、忽略阅读材料中的部分内容。的部分内容。寻读（寻读（scanning）用较短的时间快速扫视文章，迅速定位某用较短的时间快速扫视文章，迅速定位某一具体事实或某一特定信息。在寻读时，一具体事实或某一特定信息。在寻读时，一般要对查找的资料比较熟悉，并带着问一般要对查找的资料比较熟悉，并带着问题去阅读。题去阅读。测试重点测试重点快速阅读理解要求考生运用略读略读(skimming)和寻读寻读(scanning)的技能从篇章中获取信息。略读：略读：考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想的能力。阅读速度约每分钟100词。寻读：寻读：考核学生利用各种提示，快速查找特定信息的能力。如数字、大写单词、段首句

6、或句首词。命题趋势命题趋势采用1-2篇较长篇幅的文章或多篇短文，总长度约为1000词；要求考生在15分钟内完成10道题目；7选择+3填空7判断+3填空命题顺序基本与文章顺序保持一致；命题以细节题为主，基本从原文可直接找到答案。解题步骤1.浏览全文大标题、副标题、段落标题、各段首尾句2.读题目，确定关键词明显：数字，专有名词，特殊标点；不明显：题干中核心的名词、动词等。3.根据关键词到文章中定位对应信息。（略读）（寻读）（仔细阅读）技能训练1.集中注意力；2.略读；3.寻读；4.猜测词义。集中注意力方法一集中注意力方法二数数字：准备好钟表1.顺跳数从数字2开始数，每次增加2，数到300。2、4、

7、6、8298、300。结果评定：时间1302230230+成绩优秀较好一般较差集中注意力方法二2.倒跳数从数字300开始数，每次递减2，倒数至0。300、298、2964、2、0。结果评定：时间130210240240+成绩优秀较好一般较差集中注意力方法三4275852286128110401888821441725667299491832392513480153863339668717922465547873213745301774478657395395850256216694897024936532852676771296274411493489743100635135998759931

8、20648455907136681960步骤：1.视线集中在表的中心，以便看清表的全貌。2.眼镜离表的距离为30-50公分。3.按数字排列排顺序、不同的要求找全81个数字。如开始不习惯，可用铅笔或手指加点。4.熟练后，只靠视线移动来寻找，不必加点。5.每天练整套表一次，不要过分疲劳。略读能迅速的找出阅读材料的中心思想。通常从以下三方面入手：1.标题；2.语篇结构；3.语篇标志词。标题包括文章标题和各级小标题。标题通常是对文章主旨的高度概括或提炼，有的标题直接揭示了文章的主要内容。小标题可以帮助读者迅速了解该部分的具体内容，有助于读者寻读时迅速定位所需信息的大体段落位置。标题Stars1.Bil

9、lions and Billions2.Appearance3.Life CycleQuestions:1.How many stars can we see with the naked eye on a clear,dark night?2.Which is NOT true about the appearance of stars according to the passage?3.According to the passage,what is TRUE about a stars lifespan?Six Tips for Safe Snowboarding1.Protect Y

10、our Wrists2.Try to Avoid Snowboarders Ankle3.Protect Your Knees4.Avoid Head Injuries5.Steer Clear of Collisions6.Guard Against the ElementsQuestions:1.How to protect your wrists when snowboarding?2.How can a snowboarder avoid a common foot injury?3.In order to protect their knees,what kinds of basic

11、 precautions should snowboarders always take?4.Why is a snowboarder likely to be injured even when wearing a snowboarding helmet reinforced at the sides of the head?文章的整体结构一般由引言、主体和结论组成。而文章的中心思想常常在起始段和结尾段给出。因此阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段和结尾段。段落的中心思想常常体现在主题句中。主题句可能位于段首、段中或段尾，也可能没有主题句。但是，有经验的读者首先会特别注意每个段落的段首和段尾，如果在

12、段首或段尾没有找到主题句，在采用其它的阅读策略，这样可以尽可能的节省阅读时间。语篇结构Choosing a birthday present for a friend for family member is fun,but it can be difficult.The present should be personal and has to be thoughtful.For example,the best birthday present I ever got wasnt fancy or expensive.Last year my mother gave me a photo o

13、f my father when he was my age.He is standing with his mother and father(my grandparents)in front of their house,and he looks happy.I think of my father every time I see that photo.It was a perfect birthday present.Q:What is the topic of the paragraph?A.Celebrating birthday.B.The writers family.C.Ch

14、oosing presents.D.A photo of my father.We communicate a great deal,researchers have found,with our bodiesby the way we move,sit,stand and what we do with our hands and heads.Imagine a few people sitting in a waiting room:One is tapping his fingers on his briefcase,another keeps rubbing his hands tog

15、ether,another is biting his fingernails,still another grabs the arms of his chair tightly and one keeps running his fingers through his hair.These people arent talking but theyre“saying”a lot if you know the“body language”theyre using.Main idea:We communicate a great deal with our body movement.语篇标志

16、词文章或段落中，通常会有语篇标志词，也叫过渡词。语篇标志词表明了各语言单位之间的关系，可以帮助阅读者快速准确地把握语篇的脉络发展及组织结构。例：Q:Whats the best title for this paragraph?A.I Never Make My BedB.Why I Dont Make My BedC.A Tidy Bedroom Is CozyD.Making Bed Is a Good HabitEver since I moved into my own apartment last fall,I have gotten out of the habit of maki

17、ng my bed except on Fridays,of course,when I change the sheets.Although some people may think that I am a slob,I have some sound reasons for breaking the bed-making habit.In the first place,I am not concerned about maintaining a tidy bedroom because no one except me ever ventures in there.If there i

18、s ever a fire inspection or a surprise date,I suppose I can dash in there to fluff up the pillow and slap on a spread.Otherwise,I am not bothered.In addition,I find nothing uncomfortable about crawling into a rumpled mass of sheets and blankets.On the contrary,I enjoy poking out a cozy space for mys

19、elf before drifting off sleep.表示时间顺序：first,later,next,finally,before,after,now,previously,last,then,when,immediately,formerly,subsequently,meanwhile,presently,initially,ultimately表示举例:for example,such as,for instance表示列举：I,II,III,finally,furthermore,1,2,3,first,second,third,last,another,next表示递进或增加信

20、息：also,in addition,and表示概括：thus,in short,to conclude,in brief,in the end,in summary,in conclusion,to sum up,finally,therefore,ultimately表示因果：because,accordingly,for this reason,hence,resulting,as a result,so,then,thus,therefore,since,consequently寻读所谓寻读所谓寻读，是用较短的时间快速扫视文章，迅速定位某一具体事实或某一特定信息。在进行寻读时，我们一般

21、要对查找的资料比较熟悉，并带着问题去阅读。考试题主要考察考试题主要考察考生是否掌握了作者用来论证主题的有关事实细节，对文章的理解是否全面、透彻。这类问题针对文章的某个细节设置，如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等，不掺杂主观因素。快速阅读理解测试中，对此类技巧考察所占比例较大。注意注意：一般来说，使用寻读技巧在文章中均可查找到答案，但问题的表述通常不用文章中的原话，而是使用同义词替换。寻读的步骤：寻读的步骤：1.仔细阅读题目，确定关键词。2.根据对题干或选项的理解，预判答案可能存在的形式。3.在文章中大概锁定答案所在位置。4.在文章中寻找所确定的关键词。5.仔细阅读关键词所在句（及前

22、后句），确定答案。练习练习寻找寻找nanotubenanoworld nanometer nanotube nanorobotsensorsensory census censor sensorrecognition recognize recognition cognitive ignitioninflectioninfection reflection inflection injectionhumanoidhumanity humanoid humane humiliatedciviliancivilize citizen civilian circadianvirtualvital v

23、irtue vertical virtualopticaloperational optimal optical optionalneutralneutrality normal neural neutralinsulationinsulate insulation simulation resolutiona regional cooperationa regular operationa regional cooperationa religious combinationa rational combinationa regional cooperationa regional coor

24、dinationa registered coordinationa regional cooperationa regular cooperationa religious corporationa regional corporationa regular combinationa regional cooperationa rational operationa registered operationa regional cooperationa rational coordinationa religious cooperationa regular coordinationa re

25、gistered cooperation猜测词义阅读时经常会碰到生词。生词不仅影响阅读速读，还可能影响考生的情绪及自信，妨碍考生对文章的全面理解。为了提高阅读效率，我们对词汇可采取不同的态度：1.对于不影响阅读理解的生词，可以直接略过。2.对于那些与文章的重要信息以及主要细节有关的生词，需要我们利用各种技巧来猜测其意思。猜测词义的主要方法猜测词义的主要方法1.根据构词法猜测词义；2.根据上下文猜测词义。根据构词法猜测词义英语单词中有很多单词由词干和词缀组成，其中词缀又分为前缀和后缀。掌握了这些前缀和后缀，就能很容易猜出词义。还有些词是由两个或几个词复合而成的（复合词），把这些词进行拆分后就能得

26、出其词义。前缀multi-manybene-goodbi-twocircum-aroundmicro-smallcontra-,anti-againsthyper-above,beyond,excessivehypo-under,beneath,downinter-betweenintro-,intra-withinmis-wrong前缀post-afterpre-beforere-,retro-back,againsemi-half,partlysub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sup-,sus-undersuper-above,greater,bettertrans-acrosstr

27、i-threeultra-beyond,excessive,extremeuni-one后缀-able,-ible,-ble capable of,fit for-ateto make-er,-orone who-fyto make-ic,-alrelating to,having the nature of-ismaction or practice,theory or doctrine-istone whoItycondition,quality,state of being后缀-izeto make-nesscondition,quality,state of being-ous,-io

28、us,-ose full of,having the qualities of-tion,-ationcondition,the act of词根-anthro-,-anthropo-human-arch-first,chief,leader-aster-,-astro-,-stellar-star-audi-,-audit-hear-auto-self-bio-life-capit-head,chief-chron-time-cycle-circle-corp-body词根-dic-,-dict-say,speak-geo-earth-graph-,-gram-write,writing-h

29、omo-same-hydr-,-hydro-water-log-,-ology-speech,word,study-man-,-manu-hand-mega-great,large-mit-,-miss-send-morph-form,structure词根-mort-death-onym-,-nomen-name-pathy-feeling,disease-phil-love-phon-sound-pod-,-ped-foot-pon-,-pos-put,place-polis-city-port-carry-psych-mind词根-scrib-,script-write-sequ-,-s

30、ecut-follow-spect-look at-spir-breath-soph-wise-tele-far-therm-,-thermo-heat练习1.microbe2.phonology3.audience4.irregular5.microphone 6.invisiblea.an instrument used to make soft sounds louderb.not able to be seenc.the study of speech soundsd.not normale.a group of listenersf.an organism too small to

31、be seen with the naked eye根据上下文猜测词义线索：1.上下文中的平行或并列结构；2.上下文中表示对比关系的结构或标志词；3.上下文中对生词所表示事物的目的或功能的描述；4.上下文中对生词的定义或举例；5.上下文中暗示的生词的感情色彩。例 1：For students to get ahead in their life,it is quite important that they utilize their free time properly.Parents should not curb the interests of their child.You neve

32、r know your child may gain expertise in that particular area.For example,if your childs interest lies in mathematics,it is advisable that you do not force him to opt for management just because management students are in great demand.Q:The underlined word“curb”means _.A.limitB.capture C.awakeD.think

33、 about例 2：When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious.练习1.The doctor asked Martin to inhale deeply and hold his breath for 10 seconds.2.Three newspaper reporters collaborated in writing this series of articles.3.It is Joes prediction that b

34、y the year 2000 there will be a female president of the United States.4.Historians use the inscriptions on the walls of ancient temples to guide them in their studies.5.You cannot sign up for a class the first day it meets in September;you must preregister in August.6.After his long illness,he didnt recognize his own reflection in the mirror.7.Im sending a sample of my handwriting to a graphologist who says he can use it to analyze my personality.8.She uses audiovisual aids to make her speeches more interesting.