【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习经典实用学案：语法专题2.ppt

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1、语语法法专题专题二冠二冠词词冠冠词词的的考考查查重重点点在在其其基基本本用用法法上上，如如常常用用短短语语中中冠冠词词的的用用法法；可可数数和和不不可可数数名名词词前前的的冠冠词词使使用用；抽抽象象名名词词用用作作具具体体人人或或事事件件时时冠冠词词的的使使用用；泛泛指指与与特特指指的的区区别别；类类指指与与专专指指的的区区别别；在在掌掌握握冠冠词词的的基基本本用用法法的的同同时时，还还应应考考虑虑结结合具体的合具体的语语言言环环境等境等问题问题。(一一)不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1用于物用于物质质名名词词前，表示泛指某一种人或事。前，表示泛指某一种人或事。如：如：A steel worke

2、r makes steel.2指某种人或事中的一个。指某种人或事中的一个。如：如：My father is a teacher.3表示表示“每一每一”的概念。的概念。如：如：John goes shopping twice a week.(one,every)A week is divided into seven days.4指某一个人或物，但不具体指某一个人或物，但不具体说说是什么人或物。是什么人或物。如如：A Mr.Johnson phoned and left a message for you.(a certain)5固定固定词组词组中。中。如：如：at a timeonce upo

3、n a timea fewa littlea good manya great many of.6“一种、一一种、一场场”等等单单数概念。数概念。如：如：A heavy rain prevented them from going out.What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee.7与抽象名与抽象名词连词连用。用。Its a pleasure to work with you.Its a pity that you cant swim.Thank you,Tim.You have done me a kindness.8在在quite,r

4、ather,many,half,what,such等等词词之后。之后。9在在so(as,too,how)形容形容词词之后。之后。(二二)定冠词的用法定冠词的用法1表示特定的或上文已提到表示特定的或上文已提到过过的人或事。的人或事。如如：(1)John bought a TV and a radio,but there was something wrong with the TV.(2)Could you pass me the dictionary?(3)Do you know the girl playing basketball there?2独一无二的独一无二的东东西前。西前。如：如：

5、the moon,the earth,the sun.3序数序数词词，最高，最高级级前。前。如：如：the second story,the largest room.4专专有名有名词词前。前。如如：the Untied Nations,the Peoples Republic of China.5江河湖海前。江河湖海前。如：如：the Changjiang River,the Atlantic.6固定固定词组词组中。中。如如：on the left,in the east,in the morning,on the other hand.7某些形容某些形容词词前，表示一前，表示一类类人或物。

6、人或物。如：如：the poor,the rich.8姓氏的复数形式前。姓氏的复数形式前。如：如：The Turners,The Wangs.9特指。特指。如：如：The horse is a useful animal.10器器乐乐前。前。如：如：play the piano.11年代前。年代前。如：如：in the 1980s.12发发明物的明物的单单数名数名词词前。前。如如：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 18

7、76.13表一表一类类人。人。如：如：the Irish,the English,the French.14特殊的特殊的场场合。合。如：如：lead sb.by the hand,beat sb.on the nose.The sooner,the better.by the yard/hour/year.the elder of the two,the more beautiful of the two.15当当抽抽象象名名词词表表示示某某一一特特定定内内容容，特特别别是是当当它它有有一一限定性修限定性修饰时饰时。如：如：He is playing the music written by

8、Beethoven.(三三)不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况1专专有名有名词词、物、物质质名名词词、抽象名、抽象名词词前。前。如如：China/Wood is a very useful material./Life is short.2名名词词前有指示代前有指示代词词、物主代、物主代词词、名、名词词所有格修所有格修饰饰。如：如：This book is mine.3季季节节、月份、星期、月份、星期、节节假日、三餐前。假日、三餐前。如：如：March,May Day,Sunday,National Day4称称呼呼语语或或表表示示头头衔衔职职位位的的名名词词作作宾宾语语、补补语语或或同同位位语语。

9、如：如：Lincoln was made President of the United States.People all cheered for Deng Yaping,winner of the game.5学科名称、棋学科名称、棋类类、球、球类类名称前。名称前。如：如：English is taught in most middle schools.The old are playing chess under the tree.6复数名复数名词词表示泛指一表示泛指一类类人或事物前。人或事物前。如：如：Cats dont like cold weather.7与与by连连用的交通工具名

10、用的交通工具名词词前。前。如：如：by car,by bus.8系系动词动词turn“变变成成”后作表后作表语语的的单单数名数名词词前。前。如：如：He turned writer.9as引引导导的的让让步状步状语语从句中，作表从句中，作表语语的名的名词词前。前。如：如：Child as he was,he had to make a living.10固定固定词组词组中。中。如：如：husband and wife,brother and sisterday and night,go to schoolat home,on foot.(四四)有无冠词含义不同有无冠词含义不同(五五)冠词在一些

11、句型中的使用冠词在一些句型中的使用1the moment/day/hour,the first time,by the time引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句。从句。如如：The train had left the station by the time I got there.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.2This/That/Itbethe first/second timethatclause(定定语语从从句句)句句型型中中，若若主主句句中中用用一一般般现现在在时时，从从句句谓谓语语就就用用现现在在完完成

12、成时时；若若主主句句中中用用一一般般过过去去时时，从从句句就就用用过过去完成去完成时时。如如：This is the happiest evening that I have ever had in my life.That was the second time that I had been to Beijing.3序序数数词词、最最高高级级作作主主语语，表表语语用用动动词词不不定定式式，不不能用能用动动名名词词。如如：The first thing she did was to teach me how to play.4作作序序数数词词、最最高高级级的的定定语语，只只用用动动词词不不定

13、定式式，不不能用能用动动名名词词。如如：He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(六六)冠词使用应当注意的几个问题冠词使用应当注意的几个问题1冠冠词词的省略的省略在在as引引导导的的让让步步状状语语从从句句中中，需需用用倒倒装装，且且作作表表语语的的名名词词前的冠前的冠词词要省略。要省略。如：如：Child as he is,he knows a lot.Tallest as she is,she can not reach the top of the blackboard.2冠冠词词的位置的位置(1)不定冠不定冠词词副副词词

14、形容形容词词名名词词。如：如：This is a very interesting story.(2)such/what/quite/rather不定冠不定冠词词形容形容词词名名词词。如：如：Ive never seen such a film.What a good idea it is!(3)as/so/too/however/enough形形容容词词不不定定冠冠词词名名词词。如：如：I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a p

15、roblem he worked out.(4)half/twice/three timesthe名名词词。如：如：He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.(5)all/both/doublethe名名词词。如：如：Both the blind men were mistaken.All of the students in our class are eager to know the secret.3冠冠词词在主在主谓谓一致中的运用一致中的运用(1)复数主复数主语语用用单单数数动

16、词动词的情况。的情况。如：如：The United States lies in North America.The New York Times is read all over the Untied States.This pair of trousers is his brothers.The number of people in this factory is over two hundred.(2)单单数主数主语语用复数用复数动词动词的情况。的情况。如：如：The police are searching for a thief.The Chinese are kind and f

17、riendly.The old are taken good care of in a hospital.(3)同是同是单单数主数主语语，谓语动词谓语动词形式不同的情况。形式不同的情况。如：如：The public is the best judge.公众是最好的判断者。公众是最好的判断者。The public are requested to write down their names in this book.大家应邀在这个本子上留名。大家应邀在这个本子上留名。(4)并列主并列主语语与与谓语动词谓语动词一致关系。一致关系。如如：The_teacher_and_writer has com

18、e to the meeting.(老老师师兼作家兼作家)The_teacher_and_the_writer have come to the meeting.(老老师师和作家和作家)Many_a_desk_and_many_a_chair_is to be taken out of the hall.4序序数数词词前前面面一一般般加加定定冠冠词词表表示示“第第”之之意意，但但在在second,third等等词词前加不定冠前加不定冠词词表示表示“又一，再一又一，再一”之意。之意。如：如：He reached out for a second arrow.比比较较：He is a top st

19、udent in our class,and he often get a_first_in_maths.(第一名，冠第一名，冠军军)1.(2009江江 西西)Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.A./;the B.the;/C.an;the D.the;a2(2009四四川川)In order to find _ better job,he decided to study _ second foreign language.A.the;a B.

20、a;aC.the;the D.a;the3(2009浙浙 江江)I dont understand what the engineer means,but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A.the;a B./;theC.the;/D.a;the4(2009辽辽 宁宁)This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May.A./;a B.a;theC.the;the D.the;a5(2009安安徽徽)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we

21、 create _ less polluted world.A.a;a B.a;theC.the;a D.the;the6(2009重重庆庆)Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name.A.a;the B./;aC./;the D.the;a7(2009陕陕西西)What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A.a;a B.the;aC.a;the D.the;the8(200

22、9北北京京)The biggest whale is _ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.A.the;the B.a;aC.a;the D.the;a9(2009全全国国)What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting.A.a;/B.the;/C.the;an D.a;the10(2009全全 国国)Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the p

23、roblem for _ while.A.the;the B.the;aC.a;the D.a;a11(2009江江西西重重点点中中学学协协作作体体联联考考)_ killing of unarmed citizens in the Gaza Strip left people in _ anger around the Arabic world.A.The;a B./;aC.The;/D.A;a12(2009金金丽丽衢衢十十二二校校联联考考)Reading is _ good habit.Stick to it,and youll make _ great progress.A.a;/B.a;

24、aC.the;a D./;a13(2009西西城城区区抽抽样样)The people of China are proud of Zhai Zhigang,_ man who has realized all Chinese dream of flying in _ space.A.the;/B.a;theC.the;a D.a;/14(2009青青岛岛教教学学检检测测)In China,_ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A.a;the B.a;/C.the;the D.the;a15(2009苏苏、锡锡、常常、镇镇四四市市

25、教教学学调调查查)What else can we do?An international effort is required to cope with _ urgent need of _ earthquake victims.A.the;the B.a;anC.an;a D.a;the16(2009潍潍坊坊教教学学检检测测)My flight was delayed because of _ heavy rain.But you are just in _ time for the discussion.A.the;a B.a;theC./;/D.the;/17(2009南南京京调调研研

26、)Babies are not born with _ moral sense;they cant tell _ difference between right and wrong.A.the;the B.a;aC.a;the D./;a18(2009石石家家庄庄毕毕业业班班教教学学质质检检)What do you think of our new partner?Oh,he is _ easygoing person.Its _ pleasure to work with him.A.a;a B.a;theC.an;/D.an;a19(2009南南昌昌调调研研)_ Olympic Mara

27、thon is 26 miles and 385 yards,_ distance from Marathon to Athens.A.The;the B./;aC.An;a D./;the20(2009江江西西九九所所重重点点中中学学联联考考)Obama has been elected _ first black president of the United States,and the international society expects to have _ new USA under his leadership.A./;the B.a;theC.the;a D.the;the

28、21(2009郑郑 州州 毕毕 业业 班班 质质 量量 预预 测测)Late in the afternoon,they arrived at _ small village _ north of the West Hill.A.the;the B.a;/C.a;the D.the;/22(2009东东城城区区示示范范校校质质检检)Some of the exercises appear to be _ ones that you have done,but after taking _ second look,you will find that they are different.A./

29、;the B.the;theC.the;a D.the;/23(2009海海淀淀区区期期末末)By _ nature,you are an adventurer,full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself.A.a;the B.the;theC./;a D.the;/24(2009皖皖 南南 八八 校校 联联 考考)What _ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games!But I sti

30、ll support him.After all,he is in poor health.A./;the B.a;theC.the;/D.the;the25(2009南南 京京 调调 研研)Jacques Rogge,_ president of the IOC,delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of _ Beijing Olympic Games on Aug.8,2008.A./;the B.the;theC.the;/D./;/26(2009扬扬州州调调研研)Frank studied _ English language in Lo

31、ndon for four years,so he gets _ good knowledge of London.A.a;the B./;/C./;a D.the;a27(2009南南通通调调研研)What lesson China can draw from _ global financial crisis has become _ hot topic among us students.A.the;a B./;aC.a;the D./;the28(2009宁宁 波波 教教 学学 检检 测测)What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as?As

32、 _ inventor of _ telephone.A.an;/B.the;aC.the;the D./;the29(2009杭杭州州教教学学检检测测)Mom,I lost _ diamond ring you bought as my birthday present.Ill keep _ eye on it when I clean your bedroom.A.a;an B.the;theC.the;an D.a;the30(2009石石家家庄庄毕毕业业班班教教学学检检测测)Please do me _ favor and pass me the cup of _ coffee.A.t

33、he;/B.a;/C.a;the D.the;the31(2009南南昌昌调调研研)Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice,which they use as _ platform for hunting seals.A.a;a B.a;theC./;a D.the;/32(2009东东北北三三校校联联合合模模拟拟)At first,it seemed that everything went well,but all of _ sudden,the ship hit _ iceberg.A.a;an B.a;theC.the;the D./;an33(200

34、9西西安安八八校校联联考考)What _ whole world is concerned about is whether the US can find _ cure for the financial crisis of today.A.a;the B.the;aC./;a D.the;the34(2009南南京京质质检检)Chinas first moon probe satellite Change1 sent back _ greetings to _ earth on Sunday,Chinas MidAutumn Festival.A.the;the B.the;/C./;th

35、e D./;/35(2009西西安安八八校校联联考考)Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?If you make _ most of the equipment,there will be _ rise in production.A./;/B.the;aC./;a D.the;/36(2009杭杭州州教教学学检检测测)_ China well see in the year 2015 will be quite _ different country from what it

36、is now.A./;a B.The;aC.The;the D./;/37(2009南南通通调调研研)As is reported,_ Iraqi reporter called W.Bush,_ President of the USA,a“dog”and threw his shoes at him on Sunday during a news conference in Baghdad in December.A.an;a B.the;theC.the;/D.an;/38(2009西西城城模模拟拟)One of the two brothers turned _ musician wh

37、ile the other became _ singer.A.a;a B.the;theC.a;the D./;a39(2010宁宁夏夏银银川川一一中中期期末末)I dont think the experiment is _ failure,because it has provided us with _ valuable experience for our future tests.A.a;a B.a;/C./;/D./;a40(2010安安徽徽蚌蚌埠埠二二中中)What I am looking for is _ book that contains _ ABC of comput

38、er.A.a;不填不填 B.a;theC.the;an D.the;不填不填答案答案1A。考考查查冠冠词词用用法法。pollution是是不不可可数数名名词词，air pollution是是泛泛指指，所所以以不不用用冠冠词词；后后一一个个空空格格处处特特指指全全世世界的天气，所以用定冠界的天气，所以用定冠词词the。2B。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空用用不不定定冠冠词词表表泛泛指指，表表示示“一一份份更更好好的的工工作作”；第第二二空空用用不不定定冠冠词词与与序序数数词词连连用用，表表示示“又又一一”。句句意意：为为了了找找一一份份更更好好的的工工作作，他他决决定定再再学学一一门门外外语语。

39、3D。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。have got a rough idea of“大大致致了了解解”，故故第第一一空空用用不不定定冠冠词词；第第二二空空特特指指彼彼此此都都知知道道的那个的那个project plan，用定冠，用定冠词词。所以。所以这这里里选选D项项。4C。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空用用定定冠冠词词，与与最最高高级级连连用用；第二空用定冠第二空用定冠词词，表示特指，表示特指“五月五月”。5A。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。句句中中sky与与world都都表表示示泛泛指，指，a表示表示“一一”这这个数量，相当于个数量，相当于“one”。6B。考考查查冠冠词词。attent

40、ion是是不不可可数数名名词词，而而且且在在本本题题中中是是泛泛指指的的概概念念，因因此此第第一一空空不不用用冠冠词词；第第二二空空处处用用不不定定冠冠词词a表表示示泛泛指指，意意为为“某某一一，一一个个”，即即海海尔尔成成了了一一个个知名品牌。知名品牌。7C。考考查查冠冠词词。该该句句是是感感叹叹句句，What a pity that.为为固固定定句句型型，所所以以第第一一空空用用不不定定冠冠词词a；而而第第二二空空依依据据语语境境应该应该是是谈话谈话双方都知道的事物，所以用定冠双方都知道的事物，所以用定冠词词the。8D。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。句句意意：最最大大的的鲸鲸鱼鱼是是蓝蓝

41、鲸鲸，可可以以长长到到大大约约29米米长长其其高高度度相相当当于于一一座座9层层楼楼的的高高度度。前前一一空空格格处处是是“the单单数数可可数数名名词词”表表类类指指；后后一一个个空空格格处处是泛指。是泛指。9D。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空表表示示泛泛指指，填填不不定定冠冠词词a；the ABC of.“的的基基础础知知识识”，用用the表表特特指指。语语意意为为：我需要一本油画基我需要一本油画基础础方面的方面的书书。10B。考考查查冠冠词词。短短语语go to the cinema“去去看看电电影影”，是是 固固 定定 短短 语语，第第 一一 空空 填填 the；短短 语语 for a

42、 while/a moment/an instant表表示示“(动动作作或或状状态态持持续续)一一会会儿儿”，因因此此第二空第二空应应填填a。11C。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。句句意意：在在加加沙沙地地带带对对没没有有武武装装的的市市民民的的屠屠杀杀让让阿阿拉拉伯伯世世界界的的人人民民极极度度愤愤慨慨。killing后后面面有有定定语语修修饰饰，因因此此第第一一个个空空格格是是特特指指；in anger是是固固定搭配，表示定搭配，表示“愤愤怒怒”。12A。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一个个空空选选a表表示示“一一种种”；progress是是不不可可数数名名词词，故故前前面面不不加加冠冠词词，m

43、ake progress意意为为“取得取得进进步步”。13D。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。_ man是是同同位位语语结结构构，用用不不定定冠冠词词a；第第二二空空是是固固定定用用法法，在在space,society,nature等等词词前前面面不不用用冠冠词词。句句意意：中中国国人人民民都都以以翟翟志志刚刚为为荣，他荣，他实现实现了所有中国人遨游太空的梦想。所以了所有中国人遨游太空的梦想。所以这这里里选选D。14D。考考查查冠冠词词。用用于于可可数数名名词词的的单单数数前前，指指类类别别，故第一个空用故第一个空用the；第二空表示一；第二空表示一类类事物中的一个，故用事物中的一个，故用a。1

44、5A。考考查查冠冠词词。由由语语境境可可以以推推断断出出他他们们是是在在谈谈论论地地震震的的救救援援工工作作，因因此此urgent need与与earthquake前前面面都都应应该该使用定冠使用定冠词词，表示特指。，表示特指。16D。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一个个空空表表示示特特指指，故故此此处处用用定定冠冠词词the；第第二二个个空空处处的的in time是是固固定定短短语语，中中间间不不加加任任何冠何冠词词。17C。考考查查冠冠词词。moral sense意意思思是是“是是非非感感；正正义义感感”。第第一一空空处处指指孩孩子子不不会会生生来来就就有有是是非非感感，因因此此用用不不定定冠冠

45、词词；第第二二空空处处考考查查的的是是固固定定短短语语tell the difference between.and.，因此正确答案是，因此正确答案是C。18D。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。用用于于easygoing是是以以元元音音音音素素开开头头的的，故故第第一一空空填填不不定定冠冠词词an，表表示示泛泛指指，an easygoing person表表“一一个个随随和和的的人人”；第第二二空空也也填填不不定定冠冠词词，a pleasure指指“一件令人愉快的事情一件令人愉快的事情”。19A。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空处处Olympic Marathon“奥奥运运会会马马拉拉松松”为为普

46、普通通名名词词构构成成的的专专有有名名词词，必必须须用用定定冠冠词词the；逗逗号号之之后后的的名名词词短短语语作作同同位位语语，对对前前面面的的26 miles and 385 yards进进行行补补充充和和解解释释，特特指指从从马马拉拉松松到到雅雅典典的的距距离，因此第二空也要填定冠离，因此第二空也要填定冠词词the。20C。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空后后的的名名词词由由first“第第一一个个”限限定定，其其前前面面应应该该用用the；而而第第二二空空处处a new USA表表示示“一一个新美国个新美国”，为为泛指。泛指。21B。考考查查冠冠词词。第第一一空空处处表表示示“他他们们到

47、到达达一一个个小小村村庄庄”，用用不不定定冠冠词词表表示示泛泛指指。村村子子在在“西西山山的的北北方方”，因因此此第第二二空空不不填填冠冠词词。短短语语north of the West Hill相相当当于于to the north of the West Hill，表示，表示“在西山的北方在西山的北方”。22C。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。第第一一个个空空格格后后有有定定语语从从句句that you have done修修饰饰，因因而而是是特特指指；第第二二空空处处为为不不定定冠冠词词与序数与序数词连词连用，表示用，表示“再一，又一再一，又一”。23C。考考查查冠冠词词。固固定定短短语语b

48、y nature表表示示“天天生生，生性生性”，故第一空不填冠，故第一空不填冠词词；第二空填不定冠；第二空填不定冠词词a表示泛指。表示泛指。24B。第第一一空空处处指指“令令人人失失望望的的事事”，抽抽象象名名词词具具体体化化应应用用不不定定冠冠词词；第第二二空空处处特特指指“第第29届届北北京京奥奥运运会会”序序数数词词前前应应用定冠用定冠词词。25A。在在表表示示头头衔衔或或独独一一无无二二的的职职务务的的名名词词前前一一般般不用冠不用冠词词；后一空；后一空处处用用the则则表示特指北京奥运会。表示特指北京奥运会。26D。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。第第一一空空是是特特指指，当当Engl

49、ish,Chinese,French,Russian等等后后面面接接language的的时时候候，应应该该用用定定冠冠词词；当当English,Chinese,French,Russian等等语语言言单单独独使使用用时时，则则不不用用冠冠词词；第第二二空空处处a good knowledge of表表示示“对对有有很很好好的的了了解解”。句句意意：Frank在在伦伦敦敦学学了了四四年年的的英英语语，所所以以他他对对伦伦敦敦很很了了解解。所所以以选选D项项。27A。考考查查冠冠词词。本本题题中中的的危危机机(crisis)被被形形容容词词financial修修饰饰表表示示特特指指，因因此此应应该

50、该使使用用定定冠冠词词the;a hot topic“一个一个热门话题热门话题”。28C。考考查查冠冠词词的的用用法法。第第一一空空表表示示特特指指，Alexander Graham Bell是是电电话话的的发发明明者者，所所以以用用定定冠冠词词the，第第二二空空处处表表示示谈谈论论的的发发明明物物，通通常常用用“the可可数数名名词单词单数数”。29C。考考查查冠冠词词。从从diamond ring后后面面的的定定语语从从句句可可知知这这里里是是特特指指这这枚枚钻钻戒戒，所所以以选选“the”。第第二二空空考考查查固固定定词词组组“keep an eye on sb./sth.”意意为为“