定语从句小结终极.ppt

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1、定语从句定语从句the Attributive ClauseThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰，修饰名词的名词的从句从句关系代词关系代词连接作用连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后关系代词的指代关系关系代词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的在定语从句中的作用作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语主语 宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语 宾语宾语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语关系副词的指代关系关系副词的指代关系指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 Where=in/at

2、whichWhen=at/in/on whichWhy=for which定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1 1限限制制性性定定语语从从句句是是先先行行词词在在意意义义上上不不可可缺缺少少的的定定语语，如如果果去去掉掉，主主句句的的意意思思就就不不完完整整或或失失去去意意义义。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句的的关关系系十十分分密密切切，写写时时不不用用逗逗号号分分隔隔开开。限限制制性性定语从句中作定语从句中作宾

3、语的关系代词常可省略。宾语的关系代词常可省略。a)What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?b)Toronto is a city(that)Ive always wanted to visit.2 2非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系不不十十分分密密切切，只只是是对对先先行行词词作作些些附附加加的的说说明明,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句句的的意意思思仍仍然然清清楚楚。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句之之间间往往往往用用逗逗号号分分开开，一一般般不不用用thatthat引引导导。非非限限制性定语从句中，制性定语从

4、句中，关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhat I needed.3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，先行词也可为整个主句，此此时非限制

5、性定语从句常时非限制性定语从句常由由which/aswhich/as引导。引导。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.Theywonthegame,asweallexpected.1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.修饰人时修饰人时that,whom,who的区别的区别3.whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 与与which在非限制性定从中的区别在非限制性定从中的区别5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句

6、中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点常见考点考点一考点一 修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词that和和which的区分的区分使用使用thatthat的情况：的情况：1 1、当先行词是、当先行词是nothing,something,nothing,something,anything,all,eachanything,all,each，bothboth，fewfew，littlelittle等不定代词时。等不定代词时。Do you have anything that is important to tell me?We had little that we could find

7、 to eat.2 2、当先行词被、当先行词被all,any,someall,any,some,no,not,every,eachno,not,every,each等修饰时。等修饰时。Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3 3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。词所修饰时。ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4 4、主句是以主句是以whichwhich或或whowho开头的特殊开头的特殊疑问句时疑问句时Whichisthebik

8、ethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting？5 5、当先行词在从句和主句中都作当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时表语时,无论先行词是人还是物无论先行词是人还是物.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6 6、如有两个定语从句如有两个定语从句,其中一个已其中一个已用用whichwhich引导引导,另一个宜用另一个宜用that.that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7 7、在在there bether

9、e be句型中句型中,只用只用that.that.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.8 8、当先行词被当先行词被the the very,thevery,the last,last,the the next,thenext,the only only 等词修饰时。等词修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9 9、当先行词又有人又有物时当先行词又有人又有物时。I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.1 1、非限制性定语从句中、非限制性定语从句中。Ma

10、ryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2 2、在介词之后、在介词之后。Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3 3、当主句中的主语被、当主句中的主语被thatthat修饰时修饰时。ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.只能使用只能使用which的情况的情况考点二考点二 修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that 和和who,whom的的区分。区分。1.1.当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是whowho时，只能用时，只能用thatthat。Who is the girl that is standin

11、g over there?Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.2.2.在非限制性定语从句中以及在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时不能用介词后面时不能用thatthat。Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.3.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行作先行词时词时,用用

12、”who”代替代替“that”.whowhowho考点三考点三Whose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但

13、词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindowThey live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south

14、.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.考点四考点四as与与which引导的定语从引导的定语从句句 两者均可引导两者均可引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，有时可以互，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。As we all know,the earth is round.2.2.当与当与 such such 或或 the same the same 连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。Such books as you tell

15、me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.3.as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.4.4.当从句和主句语义一致时用当从句和主句语义一致时用as,反之则用反之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.e.g.She has married

16、again,which was unexpected.考点五考点五 介词介词+关系代词关系代词1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.Write articles for the newspaperBe sure about the

17、idioms3.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯Be founded in the yeare.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talk

18、ed at the meeting is from Beijing University.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置主体，不作前置Is this the book(which/that)you are looking for?Fillingblanks:1.The man _ you shook hand

19、s just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school

20、.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)whereThis is the factory.We worked in the factory last year.This is the factory in which we worked last year.=This is the fac

21、tory where we worked last year.Ill never forget the day.We met each other on the day.Ill never forget the day on which we met each other.=Ill never forget the day when we met each other.This is the reason.He didnt come for the reason.This is the reason for which he didnt come=This is the reason why

22、he didnt come 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisamMrSmith is one of those foreigners who_ working in China.MrSmith is the only one of those foreigners who _working in China.a.is b

23、.has c.have d.areda1.1.定语从句的位置定语从句的位置:先行词先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句定语从句小结小结:2.2.关系词的选择关系词的选择a.a.确定先行词确定先行词b.b.看先行词表示什么。表示看先行词表示什么。表示 人、物、时间、地点、原因人、物、时间、地点、原因c.c.看先行词先行词在从句中看先行词先行词在从句中 充当什么句子成分充当什么句子成分A.The news_ he told us was very exciting.a.what b.as c.that d.wherecA.Pisa is a city,_ has a leaning tower.B.Pi

24、sa is a city,_ there is a leaning tower.a.which b.that c.where d.thereac(1)Is this school _ your father worked in ten years ago?A.where B.what C.that D.the oneD（2）Is this the school _ your father worked in ten years ago?A.where B.what C.that D.the one C1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.w

25、hoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it练习练习:that与与which的区别的区别4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverythingin.A.thatB.w

26、hichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it 8.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:9.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichB.thatC.whic

27、hD.this1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,isas 与与which 的区别的区别3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamewo

28、rk_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneBExercisesExercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,point时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是inwhich3.S

29、hewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB7.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybestt

30、ohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD8.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB9.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD 10.Asmanymembers_werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.asD11.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfro

31、mhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.whatB12._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB13.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD14.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC15.Thereare

32、threelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC16.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD17.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句Goodbye！