英汉互译课件 第一讲：翻译标准.ppt

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1、Chapter I翻译标准Translation Criteria Language is from communication,is in communication and for communication.翻译标准4Es1.Equivalence of semantic message of source language and target language(原文的语义信息与译文的语义信息对等);2.Equivalence of cultural message of source language and target language(原文的文化信息与译文的文化信息对等）；3.

2、Equivalence of stylistic message of source language and target language(原文的风格信息与译文的风格信息对等）；4.Equivalence of response of source language readers and target language(原文读者反应与译文读者反应相对等）。Warm-Up Exercise【例 1】A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything.【译文1】翻译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，

3、对什么事情都要懂 一些。【译文2】翻译人员做学问，既要精深，又要渊博。【例 2】Wed like to express our appreciation to you for all youve done for us in the trade.【译文1】我们对于你们在这笔交易中为我们所做的一切表示由 衷的感谢。【译文2】本次交易，多蒙鼎力协助，不胜感激之至。【例 3】He Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.【译文1】近朱者赤，近墨者黑。【译文2】与狼做伴，就要学会狼嚎。【例 4】The time will come when

4、 the diesel engine will go out of use and the nuclear engine will be substituted for it.【译文1】柴油引擎被淘汰，使用核引擎的时候即将来临。【译文2】总有一天，柴油机会受到淘汰，而代之以核发动机。【例 5】The Agreement is executed in Chinese.If necessary,it may be translated into English.【译文1】本协议以中文签署。需要时，可译成英文。【译文2】本协议签署的文本是中文文本。需要时，可译成英 文。【例 6】Many of th

5、ese fine products are in stock,ready for your order.【译文1】许多优良产品都有现货，随时准备你来定货。【译文2】上述多种优质产品备有现货，欢迎订购。【例 7】If an information is translated well,it seems never translated at all.【译文1】真正的好译文就好像是没有经过翻译一样。【译文2】译技精湛时，出神入化也。【例 8】Clear or cloudy skies may continue for the next week in the city.【译文1】本市下周将保持晴天

6、或多云交错的天气。【译文2】本市下周将保持晴间多云的天气。【例 9】The stock market is expected to bottom out at the end of this month.【译文1】股票市场可望本月月底停止下跌并随即回升。【译文2】股市可望本月末进入触底反弹阶段。【例 10】Ill do a lot for love,but Im not ready to die for it.【译文1】为了爱，我愿意付出很多，但我还不打算为它死去。【译文2】情爱诚销魂，生命价更高。【例 11】Dont do unto others what you dont want oth

7、ers do unto you.【译文1】不要对别人做那些你不想别人对你做的事情。【译文2】己所不欲，勿施于人。【例 12】Is there anything difficult for us to do in the world?If we do it,the difficult thing will become easy;if we dont,the easy thing will become difficult.【译文1】世界上有什么对我们来说是难的呢？如果我们去做，难 事将变得容易；如果我们不做，容易的事也会变难。【译文2】天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者 亦难矣。

8、【例13】The person who knows how will always have a job.But the person who knows why will be his boss.【译文1】知道如何做的人总能找到工作，可知道为什么的人会当 上他的老板。【译文2】知其然者任事，知其所以然者任人。佳列赏析【例 1】To the world you are someone,to someone you are the world.【例 2】Ill be damned if I will go.【例 3】His father passed away at an advanced ag

9、e of ninety last week.【例 4】Notorious Hitler did kick the bucket at long last.【例 5】He is obviously looking for another wife.【例 6】She had dark and abundant hair so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam,and a face which,besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of com

10、plexion,had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes.【1译文】天地之间，尔乃某人，某人心中，尔 乃天地。【2译文】我要去就是乌龟王八蛋。【3译文】他那九十高龄的父亲上周去世去世了。【4译文】臭名昭著的希特勒终于一命呜呼了。臭名昭著的希特勒终于一命呜呼了。【5译文】显然他正在物色下一任妻子。【6译文】她的秀发乌黑浓密，在阳光下光彩夺 目。她的 面庞皮肤滋润，五官端 正，在清秀的眉宇间还 有一双深邃 的黑眼 睛，使之极为楚楚动人。【例 7】This is the first study to s

11、how that these infants may suffer peripheral nerve damage as well.【例 8】The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.【例 9】I dont believe in all that stuff about ghosts.【例 10】The soil had been stripped off and blown away,so the

12、 tree roots were left naked;the tree bowed their limbs to the ground in embarrassment,like humans whose bottoms were exposed.【7译文】指出这些婴儿的末梢神经还可能受损，这项 研 究尚属首次。【8译文】一个民族的伟大并不取决于其人口的多寡，一个民族的伟大并不取决于其人口的多寡，正如一个人的伟大并不取决于他的身高。正如一个人的伟大并不取决于他的身高。【9译文】我才不信什么鬼呀魂呀的。我才不信什么鬼呀魂呀的。【10译文】土壤已全部脱落，被风吹走了。树根裸露 在外；树木就像光着

13、屁股的人一样，难为情 地把树枝弯向地面。【例11】We shall go on to the end,we shall fight in France,we shall fight on the seas and oceans,we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air,we shall defend on the beaches,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and in the street

14、s,we shall fight in the hills【译文】我们将坚持到最后，我们将在法国国土上作战，将在各 处海洋上作战，我们的空中力量将越战越有信心，越战越 强；我们将在滩头作战，在敌人登陆地作战，在乡村田 野、城市街头作战，我们将在群山中作战【例12】Soon after the room sinks into darkness,we can hear them coming out from the holes,sing with joy,greeting each other and discussing what to do.Then they begin to work.F

15、irst,noises come from the bookshelves.They must be reading-a mouse in a famous university should be well educated;perhaps all of them are working hard at their studies.Then a sheet of paper drops on the ground.It may be an exam paper.Every one of them will have a hard time taking the exam.After a wh

16、ile,our bowls on the desk jingle.They must be hungry and want something to eat.Finally,they start singing their songs,warmly and happily,just like at a dancing party,which lasts the whole night.They damage almost everything of ours,from books to clothes,from toothpaste to cases.They affect our norma

17、l life,ruin our happy school days.They are our great enemy.【译文】待寝室黑定，鼠儿们从洞中钻出，乐不可支地唱着，彼 此招呼，再讨论活计。接着，鼠儿们便开始工作。书架方 向先有声响传来，它们一定是在阅读，身居名牌大学的鼠 儿们当然也应该是一群饱学之士，也许它们个个都在埋头 苦读。接着，一张纸片掉落地上，是一张试卷吧，说不定 鼠儿们正在愁眉苦脸地应试呢！过了一会，桌上的碗碟开 始叮当作响：鼠儿们定是饿了，想找点什么果腹。餐后，它们又开始唱歌，气氛既热烈又欢快，好似在举办舞会 一个通宵达旦的舞会。鼠，毁坏了我们的一切，从书本到衣物，从牙膏到

18、箱 子。鼠，干扰了我们的正常生活，破坏了我们的幸福校园 生活。鼠啊鼠，我们的仇敌！【例14】Technical Documentation means the technical literatures,drawings,pictures,tapes,etc.that Party B possesses and has applied or developed for its own production as well as in its current manufacture during the validity term of the contract for designing,ca

19、lculating,manufacturing,quality control,assembling,installations,maintaining and testing of the Contract Products(hereinafter referred to as Documentation)【译文】技术文件指的是乙方所持有的并在生产 过程中加以应用和开发的技术文献、图 纸、照片、磁带等，以及在合同有效期 内执行的对合同产品进行的设计、计 算、制造、质量控制、装配、安装、维 修、测试等(以下称文件)【例15】Man for the field and woman for the

20、 hearth;Man for the sword and for the needle she.Man with the head and woman with the heart;Man to command and woman to obey.【译文】男人耕作主外，女人持家在内；男人耕作主外，女人持家在内；男人征战沙场，女人缝补家中；男人征战沙场，女人缝补家中；男人富有理智，女人富有感情男人富有理智，女人富有感情 男人发号司令，女人惟命是从。男人发号司令，女人惟命是从。【例16】Youll notice how kind new Sanara is to your hair.See it

21、.Feel it.Sanaras naturally derived formulations bring out the shine and smoothness in your hair,leaving it manageable and healthy.You wont actually see how kind Sanara is to the environment,but its nice to know that the whole range is biodegradable,so it doesnt pollute water or soil.And naturally,th

22、e packaging is recyclable.【译文1】莎拉娜系由天然配方精制而成，能使头发健 康，光泽柔顺，易于梳理。莎拉娜系列都具 有生物降解特性，包装可回收利用，对水 土、环境不会造成污染。【译文2】柔情四季，莎拉娜，呵护您的头发，爱护您 的健康。天然配方，令秀发光洁柔顺。情有 独钟，莎拉娜。生物降解，不伤水土，爱护 自然，数她第一。Conclusion 翻译活动是世界各国之间、各民族之间和各种文化之间得以相互沟通与交流的主要手段。从中西文化的交流发展来看更是如此，可以说，没有翻译活动的巨大贡献，我国的现代化进程将会是截然不同的另外一种模样。总之，很难想象人类文化史没有翻译活动其发

23、展进程会是什么样子。然而，给翻译这一文化活动下定义虽然容易，但如果要就其给出一些标准却远非易事。这是因为：翻译是一门艺术性极强的学科，是一种创造性的语言活动，在翻译过程中虽然要遵循一定的科学规律，但任何过的规律约束多会使翻译工作者无所适从，其译品也势必会诘屈聱牙。以英译汉为例，就要求译者不仅要具备深厚的英语语言文化知识功底，更主要的是还需具备深厚的汉语语言文化知识，了解自己的语言文化才行。这一点正是目前我国译界的一个死结：很多译者倾很多译者倾力于英语英言学习的同时却忽略了力于英语英言学习的同时却忽略了汉语的进一步学习，结果其译品洋汉语的进一步学习，结果其译品洋腔洋调，缺少汉语独有的美感。腔洋调

24、，缺少汉语独有的美感。但是这并不是说翻译就不需要标准。翻译工作没有一定纪律性约束就会造成乱译或胡译，尤其是各种专有名称和技术文献的翻译，就必须遵循一个统一的翻译标准，以免各行其是，最后形成术语或名称的混乱局面，让读者无所适从，严重的还会造成重大经济损失和国际笑话。其实，不管采用那一家的翻译标准，基本目的都大同小异，即是要保证原保证原文信息的准确含义、语言风格和文信息的准确含义、语言风格和文化内涵都得到饱满传递，即是文化内涵都得到饱满传递，即是要要坚坚决决做做到到“译译什什么么像像什什么么”，不不能对原文意思有任何的歪曲和增能对原文意思有任何的歪曲和增减。减。Speaking of transl

25、ation,we tend to think of Yan Fu who advocated for the first time the three words as transla-tion criteria,namely,“faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance”.Yan Fus“faithfulness”means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought.His“expressiveness”demands that t

26、he version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.But his“elegance”is inadaptable because it refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.Yan Fu held that only the language before the Han Dynasty could be considered elegant and old voc

27、abulary,old structure of Chinese must be used in order to represent the original fully and adequately.“Faithfulness”first refers to the content of the original work.The translator must bring out the original mean-ing both comprehensively and accurately without any distortion or casual addition or de

28、letion of the original thought.Faithfulness also includes the keeping of the original style,as Mr.Lu Xun put it,“Keep the full flavor of the original work.严复(18531921)，初名宗光，字又陵，又字几道，晚号愈野老人。我国近代思想家、文学家、翻译家。福建侯官(今福州)人。1866年考入福州船政学堂学习海军。1877年赴英国留学。1879年毕业回国，任福建船政学堂教习。1902年任京师大学堂译书局总办，学部名词馆总纂，资政院议员等。189

29、6年至1908年间，先后译述天演论、原富、群学肄言、法意、穆勒名学等。晚年提倡尊孔读经，反对“五四”运动。1921年10月27日病逝于福州。辑有愈樊堂诗集、严几道诗文钞、侯官严氏丛刻、严译名著丛刻等。提示性练习1.You can fool some of the people all the time and all the people some of the time,but you cant fool all the people all the time.(提示：译文应体现出原文的结构美和意韵美。)2.One cannot learn a foreign language overni

30、ght more than he can eat a meal in one mouthful.(提示：句中notmore than表示对比，可理解为“不能正如不能”。）3.Blast it!Ive missed the last bus.(提示：译出句子口语风格。)4.When poverty comes at the door,love flies out of the window.(提示：尽量译出谚语风格。)5.We appreciate your proposal to set up a large modern service center to provide the first

31、-class after-sales services for the end-users.(提示：这是一个常用商务英语句形，译时可考虑将We appreciate your proposal译为外位成分置于句尾。)6.I knew I had seen him before,but I could not place him.(提 示：place用作动词，可译成“说出或找出的地点或情况等；（联系前后）认出，想出”。）7.If you stock your refrigerator with fruit juices,you may be setting your kids up for a

32、battle with obesity.(提示：译文应尽 量保留原文的幽默色彩。)8.Though a translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in mans clothing,the results can be both tasteful and alive.(提示：注意译出句中的比喻辞格。)9.Let me tell you something.If you are not there in two fucking seconds,when Im done with them,you are the next.

33、(提示：译出原文粗俗的口语风格。)10.Authorized entry only.(提示：这是一句揭示语，应译为相应汉语揭示语。)11.Long and untidy,his hair played in the breeze.(提示：动词play应根据语境翻译。)12.You can quote me.(提示：口语，应译出口语风格。)13.“As to what will happen next,your guess is as good as mine.(提示：黑体字部分不能按字面意思理解。）14.A deal with us means a good deal to you.(提示：广

34、告词。)15.The driver is safer when the road is dry;The road is safer when the driver is dry.(提示：交通安全广告)16.An optimist is a girl who mistakes a bulge for a curve.(提示：英语俏皮话，要保证译文的幽默效果。)参考答案1.你可以暂时欺骗所有的人，也可以永远欺骗一部分人，但你不可能永远欺骗所有的人。2.正如不能一口吃成个胖子，你也不可能在一夜之间学好一门外语。3.真该死，我没赶上末班车！4.贫困门前到，爱情窗外逃。5.贵方建议建立一家大型的现代化服

35、务中心，为我方产品用户提供优质的售后服务，我方深表谢意。6.我确信曾见过他，但就是记不起在哪儿了。7.如果你往家里的冰箱塞满果汁饮料，那么你就极有可能让你的孩子加入减肥的“战斗”。8.虽然一篇译文可以象新瓶中的老酒，或似身着男装的女子，但是，酒仍不失其甘醇，女子不失其风韵。9.听好啦，你两秒钟之内不给我过去，等我收拾完他们，我就他妈的接着收拾你。10.未经许可，不得入内。11.他的头发又长又乱，在风中飞舞。12.我这话准没错。/我对这话负责。13.接下来会发生什么情况，我和你一样一无所知。）14.和我们做买卖意味着您做了一笔好买卖。15.道路不沾水，司机更安全；司机不沾酒，道路更安全。16.乐

36、观的人，就是把发胖鼓起的身体部位错以为是曼妙曲线的女孩。Assignment It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness;it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity;it was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the wi

37、nter of despair;we had everything before us,we had nothing before us;we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going to the other way Charles Dickens:A Tale of Two Cities When you speak or write,no law says you have to use big words.Short words are as good as long ones,and short,old words like“

38、sun”,“grass”and“home”are best of all.A lot of small words,more than you might think,can meet your needs with a strength,grace and charm that large words lack.Big words can make the way dark for those who hear what you say and read what you write.They add fat to your prose.Small words are the ones we

39、 seem to have known from birth.They are like the hearth fire that warms the home and they cast a clear light on big things:“night and day”,“love and hate”,“war and peace”,“life and death”.Short words are bright,like sparks that grow in the night;sharp like the blade of a knife;hot like salt tears th

40、at scald the check;quick like moths that flit from flame to flame;and terse like the dart and sting of a bee.If a long word says just what you want,do not fear to use it.But know that our tongue is rich in crisp,brick,swift,short words.Make them the spine and the heart of what you speak or write.Like fast friends,they will not let you down.The End 掌声！