Units 3-4 虚拟语气语法讲解讲义-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选修第一册.docx

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1、选修一Unit3-4 虚拟语气语法讲解Teaching objectives1.知识目标：学生能够掌握虚拟语气的基本含义2.技能目标：学生能够掌握虚拟语气的基本运用3.情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Key points, Difficult points1.掌握虚拟语气的基本含义2.掌握虚拟语气的基本运用Teaching procedures：虚拟语气语气是用以表示说话者的意图或态度。在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：陈述语气是用来叙述事实或提出疑问，广泛用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句；祈使语气是说话人用来向对方下达命令，指示提出要求，劝告等所用的语气

2、，主要用于祈使句；虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设，或一种主观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式。一、If虚拟条件句虚拟情况从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)would/should/could/might do与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/might have done与将来事实相反过去式或者were to do/should dowould/should/could/might doGrace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks i

3、f she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired. 二、省略if的虚拟条件句省略if后，将虚拟条件从句中的were, had, should提到主语前构成倒装Shoul

4、d you be fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.Were it not for the debt, we would live a happy life.Had you not helped me, I wouldnt have finished my homework.三、混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to giv

5、e you more help.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.四、含蓄虚拟条件but for+名词表示含蓄虚拟条件We will put Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.without+名词表示含蓄虚拟条件Without the a

6、ir to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, too cold for us to live on副词otherwise/or表示含蓄虚拟条件We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.but引导的并列句表示含蓄虚拟条件He would become fatter but he eats too little.He coul

7、d have passed the exam, but he was too careless.五、特别句式中的虚拟语气1.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist, urge, recommend+宾语从句(should )do注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气。(2)It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that从句(should) do(3)My

8、advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal.+ is +表语从句(should)do(4)The suggestion/advice/request/requirement.+同位语从句(should )do+ isThe doctor recommended that you shouldnt swim after eating a large meal. Johns pale face suggested that he was ill, and his parents suggested that he have a medi

9、cal examination.I followed his advice that I change my study plan.(5)It is natural/necessary/strange/vital. +that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等Its vital that the theory be applied to practice, or it could just be something meaningless.(6)wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)wish + that clause (would/c

10、ould/might + do与将来相反)wish + that clause (had done 与过去相反)Do you know his address？No, I also wish I knew where he lives.I wish I could play tennis with my brother this afternoon, but I have to study for a test.How I wish I had learned more when I was at university, which is too late now.(7)It is (high

11、) time +that 从句(did或should do)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he did something instead of just talking. 2.would rather +从句从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望I would rather you had taken my advice. Now youve got a bad result. It serves you right.I would rather she cam

12、e here tomorrow because Im too busy.We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.3.If only+从句与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词用一般过去时If only my grandmother were with me!与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去完成时If only she had not left!与将来事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去将来时If only he would come

13、tomorrow!Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice.I should have gone to the wonderful concert with you yesterday.What a shame! If only we would have another such chance.Mary! If only we had less homework today!I couldnt agree more. We all need more relaxation.4.as if/as

14、though引导的状语从句与现在事实相反：从句谓语动词用一般过去时He talks as if he knew where she was.与过去事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去完成时He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.与将来事实相反：从句谓语动词用过去将来时He opened his mouth as if he would say something.注意：“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他似乎是喝醉了。John is so strongly built that he looks as if he could lift an elephant.He described the town as if he had seen it himself.They talked and talked as though they would never meet meet again.学科网（北京）股份有限公司