定语从句考点分析讲义-高三英语二轮复习.docx
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1、高考英语语法精讲:定语从句考点分析一、定语从句中关系副词的用法1、关系副词when的用法when 既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词,在从句中充当时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。如:Can you tell me the time when the film will start?Can you tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗?(限制性定语从句)I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party.I will n
2、ever forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天,我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句)2、关系副词where的用法where既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词,在从句中充当地点状语,相当于:“介词+which”。如:This is the school where I studied a few years ago.This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。Lets go to the concert
3、, where you will find much fun.Lets go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧,在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。3、关系副词why的用法why只能引导限制性定语从句,先行词只有reason一词,在从句中充当原因状语,相当于:“for + which”。如:Do you know the reason why he is not here now?Do you know the reason for which he is not here now?你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗?4、关系
4、副词that的用法that只能引导限制性定语从句,充当关系副词时,其作用相当于:“介词+关系代词”,在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。如:1.在定语从句中作时间状语。现行词有:each time, every time, anytime, the first time, the moment, the minute, the hour, etc. 但现代英语中,that往往省略。如:Each time (that) I meet him, he will smile and sayhello. 每次我会见他时,他都会笑着说“喂,你好!”2.在定语从句中作方式状语, 现行词是way, 如
5、:Can you show me the way (that) you solve the problem like this?请告诉我你解决这类问题的方法好吗?3.在定语从句中作原因状语,现行词只有reason一词,如:I dont know the reason (that) he has left school now. 我不知道他辍学的原因。4.在定语从句中做其他状语,现行词如price, speed等,如:I think the price (that) she sells her apple is too high. (that = at which) 我认为她卖苹果的价格太高。二
6、、两组关系代词的用法辨析1、that与which:两者都可指物,常可互换,其区别是:(1)引导非限制性定语从句或直接放在介词后作宾语时,要用which。如:Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(2)当先行词为不定代词或被其修饰、受the very, the only, the same等修饰、受形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next)等修饰、关系代词在定语
7、从句中用作表语或先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that。如:All that can be done must be done.凡能做的事都必须做。This is the only book (that) I find useful.这是我发现的唯一有用的书。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。2、as与which:(1)引导限制性定语从句时,在such, as, the
8、same后只能用as,其他情况用which。如:He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像他看起来那么傻。He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换,但若位于主句之前,则只能用as。如:I live a long way from work, as which you know.我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth
9、 once every month.月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。另外,as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制。如:He went abroad, as which was expected.他出国了,这是大家预料到的。He went abroad, which was unexpected.他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)三、定语从句的限制性与非限制性1、结构不同限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词后,主、从句间没有逗号分开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开,并且as所引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。如:His friend w
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