高考英语一轮复习副词句法功能及考点分析讲义.docx

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1、高考英语词法精讲：副词句法功能及考点分析一、副词的主要句法功能1.用作状语I think differently. 我有不同想法。She quietly left the room. 她悄悄离开了房间。2.用作表语The war is still on. 战争还在进行。Summer is over，its autumn. 夏天过去，现在已经是秋天了。注：在通常情况下，用作表语时不用副词而用形容词，如可说The woman is beautiful. 而不说 The woman is beautifully. 可说The cloth feels soft. 不能说 The cloth feels

2、 softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，而且只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如可说He is here 或 He is abroad，但不能说He seems here 或 He seems abroad。3.用作宾语Its hot in here. 这里面很热。Its not far from here. 从这儿去不远。Ill stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。注：副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如here和t

3、here 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说come to here, go to there 等(注：from here to there是例外)，而表地点的副词abroad 则只与介词from连用，不与其他介词连用。4.用作宾语补足语Who left the door open? 谁没关门?Sit down and make yourself comfortable. 请坐，不要拘束。注：一般说来，能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语：He went to see her but fou

4、nd that she was out. =He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她，但发现她不在家。5.用作定语Write your name in the place below. 把你的名字写在下面的空格处。I had to get off and take the bus behind. 我不得不下车上后面的公共汽车。注：在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后，若置于修饰名词之前，则通常被视为形容词，如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“楼上的房间”，但前者的upstairs 前置，为形容

5、词；后者的upstairs后置，为副词；又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”，但前者的above 前置，为形容词；后者的above后置，为副词。二、英语副词的分类1.时间副词：常见的有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, still, already, just等。如：An ideasuddenlystruck me.我心中忽然产

6、生一个念头。2.地点副词：常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs等。如：I am considering goingabroad.我正在考虑出国。3.方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等。如：Look at the picturecarefully.仔细看这幅画(fromwww.yygra

7、mmar)。4.频度副词：常见的有always, usually, often, frequently, constantly, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never等。Sometimes he gets upearly.他有时起得早。5.程度副词：常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。如：The film wa

8、squitegood.这个电影不错。6.焦点副词：就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词，常见的有：only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, too, as well等。如7.连接副词：这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等，也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等。如：I dont want

9、to go out now, andbesides, I must work.我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。8.关系副词：就是引导定语从句的when, where, why等。如：This is the factorywherehis father works.这就是他父亲工作的那家工厂。9.疑问副词：就是用于引出特殊疑问句的when, where, why, how等。如：Whenwill he be back?他什么时候回来？10.句子副词：就是修饰整个句子，表达说话人的观点态度的副词，常见的有frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidentl

10、y, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。如：Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.说实在的，我对你的工作不满意。三、句子副词在句中的位置1.句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously

11、, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly等。2.句子副词在句中的位置句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：Obviously he cant tell the difference between them.显然他无法区别两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed.我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didnt.

12、他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly he didnt say so.显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)He didnt say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)Frankly, you are wrong.说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)四、多个副词在句子中如何排序当方式副词、地点副词、时间副词等用在一起时，通常按“方式副词地点副词时间副词”的规律排列。如：The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。但是，对于run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave等表示位置移动词的动词，修饰它们的多个副词通常按“地点副词方式副词时间副词”的规律排列。如：He went there happily yesterday.他昨天高兴地去了那儿。学科网（北京）股份有限公司