中考英语冠词精讲：常用表达方式及考点.docx

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1、初中英语冠词精讲：常用表达方式及考点一、表示江、河、湖、海等名词冠词的使用问题1、根据英语语法，表示江、河、海的专有名词前通常要用定冠词。如:New York is on the Hudson River.纽约位于哈得孙河岸。The Changjiang River irrigates vast stretches of farmland along its course.长江灌溉着两岸的大片农田。The Yangtze River is one of the arteries of traffic in China.长江是中国的要道之一。The Huang He River is the c

2、radle of Chinese culture.黄河是中国文化的摇篮。The Missouri River flows eastward into the Mississippi密苏里河向东流入密西西比河。The Red Sea separates dividesAfrica from Asia.红海把非洲和亚洲分开。The Mediterranean Sea bathes the shore of Italy.地中海环抱着意大利的海岸。The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海在海平面以下。2、对于表示湖名的专有名词，其前是否用冠词通常要分两种情况:(1)中国的

3、湖名英译时，其前通常用定冠词:the Dong ting Lake 洞庭湖the Bo yany Lake 鄱阳湖the West Lake 西湖(2)外国的湖名前通常不加定冠词(lake可放前面或后面):Lake Constance 康斯坦茨湖Lake Erie 伊利湖Lake Geneva日内瓦湖Lake Success 成功湖Pass Lake 巴斯湖Silver Lake 银湖例外的情况有:the Lake of Geneva日内瓦湖the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖另外比较:Lake Geneva=the Lake of Geneva日内瓦湖Lake Biwa=the L

4、ake of Biwa 瑟瑟湖二、职务和头衔名词前冠词的使用问题在通常情况下，当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，表示职务及头衔的名词前一般不冠词。如:She was captain of the Olympic swimming team.她是长山奥林匹克游泳队队长。When he failed to turn up for training. he was relieved of his duties as captain.他没有出席训练，被免除了队长职务。He is chairman of the Parent Teacher Association.他是家长教师会的主席。

5、He played down his chances of becoming chairman.他对自己担当主席的可能性轻描淡写。She replaced Jane Scott as Managing Director. 她接替简斯托特做了总裁。He will be saving his farewell concert as Music Director of the Ulster Orchestra作为乌尔斯特交响乐团的音乐总监，他将在离任前举行一场告别音乐会。She has an excellent position as head of a school. 她有极好的职位，是一所学校的

6、校长。He is leader in name only:his deputy has effectively taken over 他不过是个应名儿领导，他的副手实际上已取而代之。His decision to move to London is closely allied to his ambition to become maser of the company,他搬到伦敦的决定与他想当公司经理的雄心密切相关。The former prisoner of conscience was elected president of the new democracy.从前的政治犯当选为新的民

7、主政府的总统。When I was President.I was always in the limelight-there was no privacy.我当总统时一直为公众瞩目-谈不上私人的生活。注:有时也可用定冠词，但以不用为多见。He was (the) captain of the football team for five years. 他当了五年的足球队长。Shes (the) captain of the school hockey team. 她是学校曲棍球队的队长。三、rather和quite放在冠词前面还是后面1.与不定冠词连用时当不定冠词与rather:quite搭

8、配使用时，不定冠词通常应置于其后。如:He is in rather a hole. 他处境极为困难。The performance was rather a failure. 表演颇不成功。Shes rather a dear. 她是一个相当招人喜欢的姑娘。She found her new sales job to be quite a challenge. 她发现她的新推销工作相当难。The old map is quite a curiosity.这张旧地图的确是件珍品。We had quite a job finding your house. 我们费了很大的劲才找到你的家。但是，若

9、该结构中的名词带有形容词修饰语，则不定对词可放在这些词语之前或之后。如:It was rather a busy day. = It was a rather busy day. 那天相当忙。Its rather a sad story.= Its a rather sad story.这是一个颇为悲惨的故事。Thats rather a silly question.= Thats a rather silly question.那是个相当愚蠢的问题。He seems quite a hopeful pupil.= He seems a quite hopeful pupil. 他似乎是个相

10、当有前途的学生。There was quite are spec table crowd at the match on Saturday=There was a quite respectable crowd at the match on Saturday星期六观看比赛的人相当多。但是:正:He is rather a fool. 他是个大傻瓜。误:He is a rather foo1.(因为名词前无形容词，所以错误)2.与定冠词连用时当定冠词与rather,quite搭配使用时，定冠词通常应置于其后。这样用的rather和quite主要用于加强语气，其意为“完全”“正是”等。如:Its

11、 quite the worst play I have ever seen. 这的确是我看过的戏当中最差的出戏。Hes going quite the wrong way. 他路全走错了。Thats not quite the colour I wanted. 那不完全是我要的颜色。Childrens shoes arent cheap-quite the reverse. 儿童的鞋并不便宜-反而更贵。Thats rather the impression I wanted to give. 那正是我要给人们留下的印象。但是，若rather或quite需要直接修饰名词前的形容词，则也可能置于

12、定冠词之后，此时的rather或quite表示“相当”。如:the rather slippery subject of race relations 相当棘手的种族关系问题四、不定冠词与as, so,too, how, however的位置关系当用于单数可数名词前作定语的形容词被as，so，too how however 等修饰时，通常采用“as/so/too/how/however+形容词+a/an+名词”这样的词序。如:She is as good a cook as her mother. 她像她母亲一样会做饭。The book should command as wide a rea

13、ding audience as possible.这本书应该拥有尽可能多的读者。It was so hot a day that I could hardly work.天热得我简直没法工作。He cant command so large a sum of money他不能支配这样大笔的款子。I had never before met so gentle a person. 我过去还从未碰见过这么一位温文尔雅的人。Its too good a chance to miss. 这个机会太好，不能错过。Such learning methods encourage too great a r

14、eliance upon the teacher.这样的学习方法会造成对老师的过分依赖。It can be used to determine how high a mountain is.它可用于测定山有多高。五、不定冠词与such,many,what的先后关系当带有不定冠词的单数可数名词被such,many，what 等修饰时，不定冠词应置于其后。如:It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你竟提出这种事，真荒唐。It was astonishing to everybody that the court had made such a

15、decision.法庭作出这样的判决，所有人都感到很惊讶。One of these days hell realize what a fool hes been 不久他就会明白他一直是多么愚蠢。Many a young man has tried and failed.很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。Many a good climber has met his death on this mountain.有许多优秀登山者都在这座山上身亡。注:“many a+单数可数名词”是比较正式的用法，更通俗的说法是“many+复数名词”。如:I have told him many a time to

16、be polite.= I have told him many times to be polite.我多次告诉他要有礼貌。City life attracts many a country boy.=City life attracts many country boys.都市生活吸引着许许多多的乡村孩子。No doubt she had many a tale to tell of the old days=No doubt she had many tales to tell of the old days 毫无疑问，她有许多往日的故事要说。六、on Monday与on a Monda

17、y有网友在“答疑中心”问:on Monday与on a Monday 有什么区别?有时看到用的是 on Monday，有时看到的是 on a Monday，它们有区别吗?1、关于on Monday的用法on Monday的意思是“在星期一”，是指一周中的星期一，其用法类似干in the morning(指一天中的早上)。如说 He is very busy on Monday.(他星期一很忙)和He is busy in the morning.(他上午很忙)虽然它们的意思不同，但性质是差不多的。具体说来，on Monday有两个用法:一是暗指经常性，指每周星期一;二是特指说话者和听话者双方都

18、知道的那个“星期一”。如:I only go to work on Monday. 我只在星期一去上班。(暗指经常性，即指每周“星期一”天上班)I will come to see you on Monday. 我会在星期一来看你。(谈话双方应该都知道是哪个“星期一”;如果没有特殊的语培，这个on Monday很可能就是指 next Monday)He came to see me on Monday 他星期一来看了我。(谈话双方应该都知道是哪个“星期一”;如果没有特殊的语培，这个on Monday很可能就是指 last Monday)2、关于on a Monday的用法on a Monday

19、的意思是“在某个星期一”，在意思上相当于one Monday(可联想on a winter morning，指在某个科天的早晨)。使用on a Monday的背景通常是这样的:当说话者说的“星期一”只有说话者自己清楚，而听话者并不清楚时，他可能就要用 on a Monday。比如:你知道今年的圣诞节是星期儿吗?你很可能不知道，但我知道，因为我刚刚查过目历。由干你们都不知道今年的圣诞节是星期儿，但我知道，我在现在想告诉你们，于是我就说:Christmas Day falls on a Wednesday this year今年的圣诞节是星期三。(可惜不是星期一，如果是星期一那就与这位朋友的问题完全吻合了，不过“星期一”“星期三”在道理上是一样的)请看以下含有on a Monday 的例子，可以帮助理解:She was born on a Monday. 她是星期一出生的。My birthday is on a Monday this year. 我今年的生日是在星期一。最后补充一点，on a Monday 有时还可表示“任何一个星期一”。如下面两句摘自英语词典:The shop never opens on a Sunday. 这家商店星期日从不营业。You wont catch me working on a Sunday!你决见不到我在星期日工作!学科网（北京）股份有限公司