新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第八单元课后答案(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 8 Focus on Global WarmingText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T;2. T;3. F;4. F;5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. Because global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet（the earth）. Low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could change, h

2、urricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense.2. Paragraph 3. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out carbon dioxide, produce methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of methane-belching cattl

3、e, and release nitrogen oxide by using nitrogen-based fertilizers.3. Paragraph 4. The increased concentrations of greenhouse gasespreventadditional thermal radiationfromleaving the Earth, so cause the global warming.4. Paragraph 7. A slight increaseinheat and rain in equatorial regions would increas

4、e vector-borne带菌媒介引起的diseases such as malaria; more intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds; even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten thelow-lying islands; hotter summers couldlead tomore cases of heatstroke, hospit

5、al admissions and deaths among vulnerable people with heart problems or respiratory problems.5. Paragraph 8 and 10. We cancurbour consumption of fossil fuels and use technologies to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases likecarbon二氧化碳dioxide, methane, andnitrous oxides, and protect the forests

6、in the world, and we can also advocate policies that will combat global warming over the long term, things like clean cars,environmentally responsiblerenewable energy technologies, and stopping theclear-cuttingof valuable forests.IV.1. Global warming will probably be the most serious threat to our E

7、arth, if we do not take into account of some other possible disasters, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases.2. In terms of human health, the people of the poorer countries will suffer most, because their countries do not h

8、ave money to protect them when climate changes.Structural analysisSub-ideas in the second part.1) thecausesof the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) theeffectof such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potentialthreatof global war

9、ming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)Part one. Vocabulary1Phrase1. with the exception of: except, apart from除之外，不包括在内2. In essence = essentially, basically本质上，根本上3. wherever possible:wheneverit is possible只要可能4. over the long term: over a long period从长远看5. alternative = substitutable, diff

10、erent, replaceableII.1. focus; 2. much the same; 3. consciousness; 4. threat; 5. deserved; 6. decomposed; 7. revealed; 8. frequent.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. Her natural good sense was improved by the perusal (peruse) of the best books.2.

11、Efforts to reach the injured men have been intensified (intense) because of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions.3. I knew he deserved to be punished but making him stay in every night for a year is a little excessive (excess).4. Theories of the origin of life are partly speculative (specula

12、te), since there is so little direct evidence available.5. This is a book that contains an abundance (abundant) of valuable information.6. The cost of the flights, accommodation and car rental is two thousand dollars inclusive (include).7. When an iron object is heated in a fire, it glows red and em

13、its (emission) radiation.8. We hardly ever go into London. Whatever we need we can buy locally (local).1. peruse v.熟读，精读perusal n.熟读，精读；仔细研究e.g.他每天都要读各种报纸。He perused the newspapers every day.2. intense a.强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的intensify v.增强，强化；加剧intensive n.强烈的；密集的intensification n.增强，加强，强化e.g.我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时

14、间休息。My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest.我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。My first failure only intensified my desire to succeed.我们有十天的强化训练。We have ten days of intensive training.3. excess a.过量的，额外的excessive a.过多的，过分的e.g.这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess

15、weight.4. speculate v.推测，好奇speculation n.沉思，推测；投机speculative a.推测的，推理的；投机的speculator n.投机者，投机商人e.g.我猜想的全错了。My speculations proved totally wrong.他是一个冷酷的投机者。He is a ruthless speculator.5. abundant a.丰富的，充裕的abundance n.丰富，充裕abundantly ad.大量地，丰富地e.g.今年的农产品很丰富。The agricultural commodities are abundant th

16、is year.这个国家拥有丰富的资源。This country has an abundance of valuable resources.6. include v.包括，包含including prep.包含，包括inclusive a.包含在内的，包罗广泛的e.g.账单中包含服务费。The bill includes service.他们有很多宠物，狗就有三只。They have many pets, including three dogs.7. emission n.散发；发射emit v.发出，放射；吐露e.g.干酪散发出强烈的气味。The cheese was emitting

17、 a strong smell.8. local a.地方性的；当地的，局部的locally ad.在本地，在当地e.g.当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。Most of the local population depend on fishing for their income.IV.1. A;2. D;3. B;4. C;5. D;6. A;7. C;8. A.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Gl

18、obal warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly2. Fortunately, we can take actions to slow down global warming.Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily3. The most important causes include the burning of fos

19、sil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation.Antonym: exclude4. Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb i

20、n some esoteric geopolitical magazine.Synonym: part, division5. Thats an increase of roughly 1C every 4,000 years.Antonym: decrease, lowering6. Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears.Antonym: unavailable7. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to more cases of heat s

21、troke and deaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe8. things like clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.Antonym: irr

22、esponsibleVI.PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centigradecentimeter2. kilogramkilometer3. synopsissynthetic4. supervisesuperior5. submarinesubmerge6. astronautastronomy7. microbiologymicrowave8. overworkoverload1. Explanation:centi-: one

23、hundredthe.g. centigram, centiliter, centimeter2. Explanation:kilo-: one thousande.g. kilowatt, kilobyte, kilohertz3. Explanation:syn-:e.g. synonym, synonymy, synchronous4. Explanation:super-: extremely, more or better than normale.g. superhuman, supercomputer, superconductor, superego5. Explanation

24、:sub-: below; less than; undere.g. sub-zero, subway, subset6. Explanation:astro-: connected with the stars or outer spacee.g. astrophysics, astrology, astronomer7. Explanation:micro-: small; on a small scalee.g. microchip, micro-organism, microbe, microcosm8. Explanation:over-: more than usual; too

25、muche.g. overconfident, overanxious, over-optimisticIIGrammar Exercises1.The present perfect tense vs. the simple past tenseThe simple past refers to the definite past. The present perfect refers to “the past with present relevance.” The action or state denoted by the present perfect tense, though r

26、eferring to some indefinite happening in the past, hassome connection with the present. Hence, if an action or state happened in the past and hasno connection with the present, it will have to be expressed by the simple past.Compare: His father has been a teacher all his life. (His father is still a

27、live.)His father was a teacher all his life. (His father is now dead.)I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1.began / / have had2.A: Have / talkedB: Have talked / talked3.He _has invented_ (invent) hundreds of things. He is one of the most productive inventors of our g

28、eneration.4.have / telephoned / went5.have been6.has got (gotten)7.has been8.have forgotten9.A: Is your father at home?B: No, Im afraid he _has gone_ (go) out.A: When exactly _did he go_ (he, go) out?B: About ten minutes ago.10. was / has disappeared.II.III.1. a. simple present form; b. “has obtaine

29、d”.2. synonymous a. the speakers point of view; b. the listeners perspective.3. a. definite; b. indefinite4. a. still suffering; b. past5. a. on the way or in Italy; b. left Italy.6. a. in the morning; b. after the morning7. a. today is not finished and he may drink more; b. simply happened today.8.

30、 a. passed away; b. still living.IV.1. have had - have2. have been be3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang - Rung6. rised risen7. had has2. Connectives (because, as, since, seeing that, for, because of)Because is generally used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence.As and since are

31、 used when the reason is already well known, or is less important than the rest of the sentence. Since is a little more formal than as. As and since clauses often begin the sentence. Clauses of cause-result are introduced by because or as.Seeing that means the same as since. It is used only in infor

32、mal speech.For suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought. For clauses never come at the beginning of the sentence.The phrase because of is a prepositional phrase, and should be followed by a noun or a noun phrase.V. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because o

33、f.1.As / Since2.Im very sorry but I cant come to work today _because / as_ Ive caught a very bad cold.3._As / Since / Seeing that_ there is considerable evidence that violence on television may be a contributory factor in the increase of hooliganism, the Independent Television Authority has withdraw

34、n its serial on famous crimes.4.because5.because of6.As / Since7.for8.as / because9.because of10.In the past insurance companies were often criticized by the public _for_ delaying payment on claims.VI.1. As far as concerned, .2. According to .Part three. Translation exercisesI.1.到因特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个

35、主题在公众意识中已经和麦当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。2.如果我们不限制温室气体的排放，低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷，全世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发生变化，飓风可能会更加频繁，厄尔尼诺现象也可能更为严重。3.我们还主张实施有关政策，与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争，如驾驶使用替代燃料的清洁汽车、采用有利于环境保护的可再生能源技术，以及阻止滥伐宝贵的森林。4.这个问题需要所有的人包括各国政府、工业界、社团，以及个人的协同合作，才会有真正的改观。II.1.经过几个月的讨价还价，这两家公司最后达成了一个解决方案，这个方案实质上就是我们最初的建议。（come up with）Translation:Afte

36、r months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our original proposal.2. The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3.四千多年前古埃及金字塔是如何建成的至今还是个谜。有些人猜测它们是外星人造的。（speculate）Translation:It is

37、still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4.非法使用劣质建筑材料最终导致了宾馆的倒塌。（result in）Translation:The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5当前，

38、许多国家正纷纷采取行动，缓解金融危机对经济的冲击。（take action）Translation:At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy.6. The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding.7. The governments of the t

39、wo countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8. Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there.VIWriting PracticeParagraph development the use of quotesDiscus

40、sion: Quotation is an effective strategy used for argumentation and other purposes. In arguing, a good quotation in your favor lends you force; one against your viewpoint can also, if you deal it a powerful and accurate blow, help your writing gain momentum. In other writing situations, well-chosen

41、quotes can help you make an emphatic point.Powerful as there are, quotes couldnt prove everything. Therefore, you should keep it in mind that dont overuse or abuse the quotation strategy. Employing too many quotes can halt the smooth flow of your paragraph. Make sure that your quotes fit well into y

42、our writing, instead of implicitly or even blatantly contradicting the main message that you intend to convey.Exercises: Read and consider the following topic sentences and then think of or search for famous quotable sayings on the Internet or from other sources. Develop each paragraph using one or

43、two quotes for each topic.1. It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship.Ideas for reference:Friends are an indispensable part of humans life.Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements.Friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us.Sample:As the s

44、aying goes “Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god”, friends are an indispensable part of humans life. “A person without friends is just like a spring without flowers, a dish without seasoning, and it is absolutely meaningless”, as an ancient writer put it. Needless to say,

45、 friends play a significant role in our life. To begin with, friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on when our own store of willpower has become depleted. No one is bound to be strong and happy all the time, for life has its own up and down. And whenever

46、we need them, friends will be with us, if not always, at least most of the time. Moreover, friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us. When we put on a play, they will be our audiences; when give a speech, they will be our listeners; when we write a book, they will be our readers. In a word, friends are t