管理学原理robbins_PPT02.ppt
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1、8 8thth edition editionSteven P.RobbinsSteven P.RobbinsMary CoulterMary CoulterPowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookPowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookCopyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.All rights reserved.L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow
2、this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.oHistorical Background of ManagementExplain why studying management history is important.Describe some early evidences of management practice.Scientific ManagementDescribe the important contributions made by Fredrick W.Taylor and Frank and Lil
3、lian Gilbreth.Explain how todays managers use scientific management.2Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd)Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.oGeneral Administrative TheoristsDiscuss Fayols 14 management principles.Desc
4、ribe Max Webers contribution to the general administrative theory of management.Explain how todays managers use general administrative theory.oQuantitative Approach to ManagementExplain what the quantitative approach has contributed to the field of management.Discuss how todays managers use the quan
5、titative approach.3Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd)Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.Toward Understanding Organizational BehaviorDescribe the contributions of the early advocates of OB.Explain the contributions o
6、f the Hawthorne Studies to the field of management.Discuss how todays managers use the behavioral approach.oThe Systems ApproachDescribe an organization using the systems approach.Discuss how the systems approach is appropriate for understanding management.4Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All right
7、s reserved.L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd)Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.oThe Contingency ApproachExplain how the contingency approach differs from the early theories of management.Discuss how the contingency approach is appropriate for studying management.oCur
8、rent Issues and TrendsExplain why we need to look at the current trends and issues facing managers.Describe the current trends and issues facing managers.5Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Historical Background of ManagementAncient ManagementEgypt(pyramids)and China(Great Wall)Ven
9、etians(floating warship assembly lines)Adam SmithPublished“The Wealth of Nations”in 1776vAdvocated the division of labor(job specialization)to increase the productivity of workersIndustrial RevolutionSubstituted machine power for human laborCreated large organizations in need of management6Copyright
10、 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Exhibit 2.1Exhibit 2.1Development of Major Management Theories7Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Major Approaches to ManagementScientific ManagementGeneral Administrative TheoryQuantitative ManagementOrganizational BehaviorSystems Approa
11、chContingency Approach8Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Scientific ManagementFredrick Winslow TaylorThe“father”of scientific managementPublished Principles of Scientific Management(1911)vThe theory of scientific managementUsing scientific methods to define the“one best way”for a
12、job to be done:Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment.Having a standardized method of doing the job.Providing an economic incentive to the worker.9Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Exhibit 2.2Exhibit 2.2Taylors Five Principles of Management1.Devel
13、op a science for each element of an individuals work,which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.2.Scientifically select and then train,teach,and develop the worker.3.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that h
14、as been developed.4.Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.5.Management takes over all work for which it is better fitted than the workers.10Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Scientific Management(contd)Frank and Lillian GilbrethFocused on inc
15、reasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motionDeveloped the microchronometer to time worker motions and optimize performanceHow Do Todays Managers Use Scientific Management?Use time and motion studies to increase productivityHire the best qualified employeesDesign incentive syste
16、ms based on output11Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.General Administrative TheoristsHenri FayolBelieved that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situationsMax W
17、eberDeveloped a theory of authority based on an ideal type of organization(bureaucracy)vEmphasized rationality,predictability,impersonality,technical competence,and authoritarianism12Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Exhibit 2.3Exhibit 2.3Fayols 14 Principles of Management1.Divisi
18、on of work.2.Authority.3.Discipline.4.Unity of command.5.Unity of direction.6.Subordination of individual interest to the interests of the organization.7.Remuneration.8.Centralization.9.Scalar chain.10.Order.11.Equity.12.Stability of tenure of personnel.13.Initiative.14.Esprit de corps.13Copyright 2
19、005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Exhibit 2.4Exhibit 2.4Webers Ideal Bureaucracy14Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved.Quantitative Approach to ManagementQuantitative ApproachAlso called operations research or management scienceEvolved from mathematical and statistical method
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