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1、信息检索与文献阅读信息检索与文献阅读（化学化学0701-0702）2009年年10月月19日日 第一部分第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读化学专业基础英语阅读（20学时）学时）第二部分第二部分英文阅读材料英文阅读材料（12学时）学时）第三部分第三部分信息检索信息检索（16学时）学时）第一章第一章作为定量科学和物质科学的化学作为定量科学和物质科学的化学第二章第二章原子、分子和离子原子、分子和离子第三章第三章气态气态第四章第四章热化学热化学第五章第五章有机化合物和基团的命名有机化合物和基团的命名第六章第六章无机化学无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、分、有机化学、物理化学、分 析化学化学术语析化学化学术语第一

2、部分第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读化学专业基础英语阅读（20学时）学时）第二部分第二部分英文阅读材料（英文阅读材料（12学时）学时）第一章第一章 松香酸度的标准测试方法松香酸度的标准测试方法 第二章第二章族半导体制备的新方法：族半导体制备的新方法：InP纳米晶纳米晶的超声化学合成的超声化学合成第三章第三章分子离子材料的计算机模拟分子离子材料的计算机模拟第四章第四章透射透射Laue法的法的X射线衍射射线衍射第五章第五章销售合同销售合同第六章第六章专利说明书专利说明书第三部分第三部分信息检索（信息检索（16学时）学时）第一章第一章信息检索基础信息检索基础第二章第二章超星图书馆超星图书馆第三章第三章中

3、国期刊网中国期刊网第四章第四章维普维普第五章第五章工程索引（工程索引（Ei）第六章第六章美国化学文摘（美国化学文摘（CA）第七章第七章专利专利教材和参考书：教材和参考书：1、魏魏高高原原，化化学学专专业业基基础础英英语语知知识识（I）（IntroductoryChemistrySpecialityEnglish），），北京大学出版社，北京大学出版社，2004。2、ReadingMaterials(自编讲义自编讲义)。3 3、陈英，科技信息检索（第二版），科学出版社，陈英，科技信息检索（第二版），科学出版社，20052005。4 4、万锡仁，万锡仁，Information Retrieval a

4、nd Related Information Retrieval and Related Reading MaterialsReading Materials，（，（待出版）。待出版）。5、美美PhilipBall著著，魏魏高高原原等等注注释释，化化学学专专业业基基础础英英语（语（II），），北京大学出版社，北京大学出版社，2001。Chapter6Inorganicchemical,organicchemical,physicalchemical,analyticalchemical,andbiochemicalterms第六章第六章无机化学、有机化学、物理化无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、分

5、析化学和生物化学化学术语学、分析化学和生物化学化学术语 1、无机化学术语（、无机化学术语（II）课堂教学内容安排课堂教学内容安排第一节课第一节课教学要求说明教学要求说明词汇预习词汇预习课文阅读理解课文阅读理解第二节课第二节课课文阅读理解（续）课文阅读理解（续）答疑答疑布置课后作业布置课后作业词汇和短文翻译（书面练习）词汇和短文翻译（书面练习）一、教学要求一、教学要求掌握：掌握：常用的无机化学的化学术语和概念常用的无机化学的化学术语和概念；化学专业文献的阅读和理解。；化学专业文献的阅读和理解。熟悉：无机化学（中文）熟悉：无机化学（中文）了解：不常用的元素的英文名称了解：不常用的元素的英文名称。v

6、alenceelectron价电子价电子Lewissymbol路易斯符号路易斯符号chemicalstability化学稳定性化学稳定性octetrule八电子规则八电子规则chemicalreactivity化学反应性化学反应性metallicbonding金属成键金属成键ionicbonding离子成键离子成键covalentbonding共价成键共价成键二、二、词汇（词汇（NewWordsandExpressions）valenceelectronLewissymbolchemicalstabilityoctetrulechemicalreactivitymetallicbondingi

7、onicbondingcovalentbonding价电子价电子路易斯符号路易斯符号化学稳定性化学稳定性八电子规则八电子规则化学反应性化学反应性金属成键金属成键离子成键离子成键共价成键共价成键Lewisstructure路易斯结构路易斯结构nonbondingelectronpair非键电子对非键电子对（lonepair 孤对电子）孤对电子）chemicalbond化学键化学键singlecovalentbond单键单键multiplecovalentbond多重键多重键coordinatecovalentbond配位键配位键Lewisstructurenonbondingelectronpa

8、ir（lonepair）chemicalbondsinglecovalentbondmultiplecovalentbondcoordinatecovalentbond路易斯结构路易斯结构非键电子对非键电子对（孤对电子）孤对电子）化学键化学键单键单键多重键多重键配位键配位键resonance共振共振resonancehybrid共振杂化共振杂化nonpolarcovalentbond非极性的共价键非极性的共价键polarcovalentbond极性的共价键极性的共价键dipole偶极（子）偶极（子）networkcovalentsubstance网状共价物质网状共价物质resonanceres

9、onancehybridnonpolarcovalentbondpolarcovalentbonddipolenetworkcovalentsubstance共振共振共振杂化共振杂化非极性的共价键非极性的共价键极性的共价键极性的共价键偶极（子）偶极（子）网状共价物质网状共价物质probability概率概率three-dimensional三维的三维的bondlength键长键长bonddissociationenergy键离解能键离解能bondenergy键能键能latticeenegy晶格能晶格能,点阵能点阵能potentialenergy势能势能minimum(minima)极小极小pr

10、obabilitythree-dimensionalbondlengthbonddissociationenergybondenergylatticeenegypotentialenergyminimum(minima)概率概率三维的三维的键长键长键离解能键离解能键能键能晶格能晶格能,点阵能点阵能势能势能极小极小thermodynamicquantity热力学量热力学量interionicdistance离子间距离离子间距离crystallineioniccompound结晶离子化合物结晶离子化合物atomicradius(atomicradii)原子半径原子半径ionicradius离子半径

11、离子半径effectivenuclearcharge有效核电荷有效核电荷screeningeffect屏蔽效应屏蔽效应thermodynamicquantityinterionicdistancecrystallineioniccompoundatomicradius(atomicradii)ionicradiuseffectivenuclearchargescreeningeffectlanthanidecontraction镧系收缩镧系收缩isoelectronicion等电子离子等电子离子ionizationenergy电离能电离能electronaffinity电子亲和能电子亲和能d1

12、0configuration（d10组态）组态）noblegasconfiguration惰性气体组态惰性气体组态pseudo-noblegasconfiguration准惰性气体组态准惰性气体组态lanthanidecontractionisoelectronicionionizationenergyelectronaffinityd10configurationnoblegasconfigurationpseudo-noblegasconfigurationionizationpotential电离势电离势polarization极化极化（名词）（名词）polarize极化（动词）极化（动

13、词）electronegativity电负性电负性electronegativeatom吸电子吸电子原子原子electropositiveatom供供电子的原子电子的原子distortion畸变畸变electroncloud电子云电子云ionizationpotentialpolarizationpolarizeelectronegativityelectronegativeatomelectropositiveatomdistortionelectroncloudoxidationnumber氧化数氧化数oxidationstate氧化态氧化态moleculargeometry分子的几何结构

14、分子的几何结构bondangle键角键角bondaxis键轴键轴valencebondtheory价键理论价键理论oxidationnumberoxidationstatemoleculargeometrybondanglebondaxisvalencebondtheory bond 键键 bond 键键hybridization杂化杂化electrondensity电子密度电子密度isomer异构体异构体structuralisomer结构异构体结构异构体 bondpbondhybridizationelectrondensityisomerstructuralisomercis-trans

15、isomerism顺顺-反异构反异构geometricisomerism几何异构几何异构cisisomer顺式异构体顺式异构体transisomer反式异构体反式异构体cis-transisomerismgeometricisomerismcisisomertransisomerdelocalizedelectron离域电子离域电子vanderWaalsforce范德华力范德华力vanderWaalsradius范德华半径范德华半径dipolemoment偶极矩偶极矩dipole-dipoleinteraction偶极偶极-偶极相互作用偶极相互作用Londonforce色散力色散力hydrog

16、enbond氢键氢键delocalizedelectronvanderWaalsforcevanderWaalsradiusdipolemomentdipole-dipoleinteractionLondonforcehydrogenbond三、课文的阅读理解三、课文的阅读理解 学生阅读课文学生阅读课文510分钟，教分钟，教师指定学生逐段朗读课文，并翻师指定学生逐段朗读课文，并翻译成中文，教师及时评讲。译成中文，教师及时评讲。15.Lewisstructures,nonbondingelectron pairs(lone pairs),covalentbonding,single,multip

17、le(double,triple)and coordinate(donor atom andacceptoratom)covalentbond路路易易斯斯结结构构，孤孤对对电电子子，共共价价键键,单单键键,多多重重键键(双双键键，三三键键)和和配配位位键键（给给电子原子和接受电子原子电子原子和接受电子原子)StructuresinwhichLewissymbolsare combined so that the bondingand nonbonding outer electronsare indicated are called Lewisstructures.Pairsofvalence

18、electronsnot involved in bonding are callednonbonding electron pairs,or lonepairs.Covalent bonding based uponelectron-pair sharing and is theattraction between two atoms thatshare electrons.A single covalentbondisabondinwhichtwoatomsare held together by sharing twoelectrons.More than one pair of ele

19、ctronscan be shared between the sametwo atoms,resulting in what iscalledamutiplecovalentbond.Ina double(triple)covalent bondtwo(three)electron pairs areshared between the same twoatoms.Asinglecovalentbondinwhichboth electrons in the shared paircomefromthesameatomiscalledacoordinatecovalentbond.Thedo

20、noratom provides both electrons to acoordinate covalent bond,and theacceptor atom accepts an electronpair for sharing in a coordinatecovalentbond受受体体原原子子接接受受共共享享的的电子对电子对.16.resonance,resonancehybrid(共振，共振杂化共振，共振杂化)Resonancereferstothearrangementofvalenceelectronsinmoleculesorionsfor which several Le

21、wis structures canbewritten.Theactual,singlestructureofamoleculeorionforwhichresonancestructures can be written is called aresonance hybrid,since it has thecharacteristics of two or more of thepossiblestructures.17.nonpolar and polar covalent bond,dipole,networkcovalentsubstancesInmoleculessuchasH2,

22、Cl2,andN2,the electron density(the probability offinding the valence electrons in a givenarea)isequallydividedbetweenthetwobondedatoms.Inacovalentbondofthistype-a nonpolar covalent bond-theelectronsaresharedequally.非极性和极性的共价键，偶极子非极性和极性的共价键，偶极子,网状网状共价物质共价物质Acovalentbondinwhichelectrons are shared une

23、qually iscalled a polar covalent bond.Apolarmoleculeisadipole-apairofoppositechargesofequalmagnitudeat a specific distance from eachother.Thediamond（金金刚刚石石）andthe other materials like it arenetworkcovalentsubstances-three-dimensionalarraysofcovalentlybondedatoms.18.bondlength,bonddissociationenergy,

24、bondenergy,latticeenegy(键键长长，键键离离解解能，键能，晶格能能，键能，晶格能)The distance between the twoatoms at the point where theirpotentialenergyisataminimumisthebondlength-thedistancebetween the nuclei of the twoatomsinastablemolecule.Bond dissociation energy is theenthalpy per mole required tobreak exactly one bond o

25、f thesame type per molecule.Bondenergy is the average enthalpypermoleforbreakingonebondofthesametypepermolecule.bond dissociation energy bond energyThethermodynamicquantitythatexpresses the sum of the effects ofthegeometryofthearrangementofions,the interionic distances,andthechargesontheions,and(tha

26、t)isused to measure the strength ofionicbondingisthelatticeenergy-the energy liberated 释释 放放 whengaseous ions combine to give onemoleofacrystallineioniccompound.19.atomicradii,ionicradii,effectivenuclearcharge,screeningeffect,lanthanidecontraction,isoelectronicions（原原子子半半径径，离离子子的的半半径径，有有效效核核电电荷荷，屏屏蔽

27、蔽效效应应，镧系收缩镧系收缩,等电子离子）等电子离子）We use the term atomic radii torefer to（指指 的的 是是）an internallyconsistent set of radii for theelements based on the size of theiratomsinsinglebonds.(Thesemightalso be referred to as covalent-metallic radii,for the values arederivedfromsingle-bondedcovalentradiifornonmetalsa

28、ndmetallicradiiformetals.)Atomic radii are found bymeasuringthedistancesbetweenbondedatomsandassigningpartof the distance to each atom.Ionic radii are the radii of theanionsandcationsincrystallineioniccompounds.Theeffectivenuclearchargeisthe portion of nuclear chargethat acts on a given electron.The

29、 screening effect is thedecreaseinthenuclearchargeactingonanelectronduetotheeffectsofotherelectrons.Thegradualdecreaseinsizeacrossthefirst（第第一一个个f过过渡渡元元素素系系列列）of the two f-transition elementsseriesfromlanthanumtolutetium镥镥is referred to as the lanthanidecontraction.Isoelectronic ions ofelements in t

30、he same period haveidenticalelectronconfigurations(e.g.Na+andMg2+).20.ionization energy,noble gasconfiguration,electronaffinity,d10configuration,pseudo-noble gas configuration（电电离离能能，惰惰性性气气体体组组态态，电电子子亲亲和和能能，d10的的组组态态，准准惰惰性性气气体体组态）组态）Theionizationenergy(somtimes called the ionizationpotential)is the

31、enthalpy changefortheremovaloftheleasttightlyboundelectronfromanatomoranioninthegaseousstate(givenper mole of atoms or ions of agiventype).Theremovalofanelectronfromanatomorionwithanoblegasconfigurationisdifficult,forthisisaverystableconfiguration.Theelectronaffinityistheenthalpychange for the addit

32、ion of oneelectron to an atom or ion in thegaseousstate(alsogivenpermoleofatomsorions).Anoblegascorewithan outer d10 configuration,as inGa3+,is sometimes known as a pseudo-noblegasconfiguration.21.polarizationofanion,electronegativity,electronegativeatom,electropositiveatom（离离子子极极化化，电电负负性性，吸吸电电子子原原子

33、子,供供电电子子原子）原子）Thepolarizationofanionisthedistortionofitselectroncloudbyanionofoppositecharge.(Inthepresence of ions,the electronclouds of atoms and moleculescanalsobepolarized.)Electronegativityistheabilityofan atom in a covalent bond toattractelectronstoitself.An electronegative atom tendsto acquir

34、e a partial negativecharge in a covalent bond or toformanegativeion.Nonmetalsaregenerallyelectronegative.Anelectropositiveatomtendstoacquireapartialpositivechargeina covalent bond or to form apositive ion.Metals are generallyelectropositive.22.oxidationnumbers,oxidationstate（氧化数，氧化态）氧化数，氧化态）Oxidatio

35、nnumbersareassignedto atoms in compounds and areequaleithertothechargesofionsortothechargesatomswouldhaveif the compound were ionic.Thetermoxidationstatehasthesamemeaningasoxidationnumber.23.moleculargeometry,bondangle,bondaxis,valencebondtheory,bonds,hybridization,bonds(分子的几何结构，键角，键轴分子的几何结构，键角，键轴,价

36、键理论，价键理论，键，杂化，键，杂化，键键)Molecular geometry is thetwo-orthree-dimensionalarrangement in space of the atoms in a molecule.A bondangle is the angle between thebondsthatjointwoatomstoathirdatom.Inbothvalencebondtheoryand molecular orbital theory,nucleiarepictured描描 绘绘 asattracted to an area of highelectro

37、n density located alongthelinebetweenthetwonuclei-the bond axis.At the sametime,thebondingelectronsareattractedbybothnuclei.Valencebondtheorydescribes bond formation astheinteraction,oroverlap,ofatomic orbitals.All bonds inwhich the region of highestelectrondensitysurroundsthebondaxis,arecalled bond

38、s(sigmabonds).Hybridizationisthemixingoftheatomicorbitalsonasingleatomtogiveanewsetoforbitals,calledhybridorbitals,onthatatom.Onlyone bondcanformbetweenanytwoatoms.Multiplecovalentbondsarisewhenpordorbitalsonatomsthat are bonded to each otheralsooverlap.bonds concentrate electrondensityaboveandbelow

39、thebondaxis and always have a plane ofzeroelectrondensitypassingthrough the bond axis.(-Bondformation can result from theinteraction of p and p,p and d,anddanddorbitals.)24.isomers,structural isomers,cis-transisomerism(geometricisomerism),cis isomers,transisomers 异构体，结构异构体，顺异构体，结构异构体，顺-反异构反异构(几何异构几何

40、异构)，顺式异构体顺式异构体,反式反式异构体）异构体）Compounds that differ inmolecular structure but havethe same molecular formulaare called isomers.Structuralisomershavethesamemolecular formula,but differinhowtheatomsarebondedtoeachother.Incis-transisomerism,orgeometric isomerism,atoms orgroups are arranged in differentway

41、s on either side of a doublebond or some other rigid刚刚性性的的bond,such as that in a cycliccompound.In cis isomers the groups underconsiderationareonthesamesideof a double bond or other rigidstructure.In trans isomers thegroupsunderconsiderationareonoppositesides.四、答疑四、答疑 一一般般情情况况下下，争争对对学学生生提提出的问题进行个别答疑

42、。出的问题进行个别答疑。预习内容：预习内容：复习内容：复习内容：1、复习和整理本课文的专业词汇；、复习和整理本课文的专业词汇；2、本课文的全文翻译。、本课文的全文翻译。Chapter62.有机化学有机化学术语1.TranslatethetechnicaltermsinthetextintoChinesebyreferringtorelevantdictionaries.2.TranslatethistextintoChinese.五、课后作业五、课后作业六、课堂练习六、课堂练习1、词汇翻译练习、词汇翻译练习气态气态可压缩的可压缩的压力压力挥发挥发性的性的蒸汽蒸汽气味气味刺激性的刺激性的令人窒息

43、的令人窒息的易燃的易燃的有毒的有毒的温和的温和的(运运)动动的的,动动力力(学学)的的随机运动随机运动(与与撞击撞击)动能动能绝对温度绝对温度碰撞碰撞理想气体理想气体实际气体实际气体体积体积压力压力变量变量气体的量气体的量与与成正比的成正比的与与成反比的成反比的烧烧瓶瓶摩尔体积摩尔体积反之亦然反之亦然理想气体定律理想气体定律pV=nRT 甲醇甲醇乙醇乙醇（Dalton定律）定律）起反起反应应,起作用起作用独立地独立地施加施加(压力压力)Dalton分压定律分压定律蒸汽蒸汽压压行为，举止行为，举止溢出和扩散溢出和扩散多孔容器多孔容器偏差偏差与与相互作用相互作用 Anantibioticisasu

44、bstanceproducedbyamicroorganismcapable of destroying or inhibitnigthegrowthofothermicroorganisms.Theproductionofsuchsubstancesisoneofthemeansusedbymicroorganisms to compete withothermicroorganismsforsurvivalintheirhighlycompetitiveenvironment.PenicillinGwasthefirstantibiotic.Chemists were able to ex

45、tractfrom the microorganism whichproduceditandtouseonalargescaleagainstothermicroorganisms.gaseousstatecompressiblepressurevolatilevaporodorpungentsuffocatingflammableirritatingchokingpoisonousmildkineticrandommotionimpactwithkineticenergyabsolutetemperaturecollisionidealgasrealgasvolumepressurevari

46、ablequantityamountofagasproportionaltoinverselyproportionaltodesignatenitrogenflaskmolarvolumeidealgasviceversaidealgaslawconstantpressureStandardTemperatureandPressure(STP)methylalcoholethylalcoholDaltonsLawreactindependentlyexertDaltonslawofpartialpressurevaporpressurebehavioreffusion(effuse)anddi

47、ffusionporouscontainerdeviationinteractwithvanderWaalsequation07 Values of molar mass calculatedusingtheidealgaslawaregoodonlytotheextentthatthegasbe-havesasanidealgas.However,allrealgasesapproachidealgasbehavioratverylowpressures,soacommontechniqueforobtainingveryaccuratemolar masses is to measure

48、thedensity of a gas at various lowpressures,2、将、将下题下题翻译成中文，并思考有关问题：翻译成中文，并思考有关问题：calculated/pfromthedata,plotd/pagainstp,extrapolatethecurvetop=0tofindtheintercept,andcalculatethemolarmass,M,using M-(intercept)RT where R=0.0820568 L.atm/(K.mol).Find the molarmassforSO2fromthefollowingdataat0:pinatm0.10.0110.0010.0001(d/p)ing/(L.atm)2.8649742.8588002.8581832.858121Assumethatthetemperatureandpressurevaluesareexact.Thank You!