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1、专题专题8 8正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气 专题专题8 8 正反解读情态动词和正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气虚拟语气 专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接高考链接1 120112011北京卷北京卷 I dont really like James.Why I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?did you invite him?Dont worry.He_ come.He said he wasnt Dont worry.He_ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans
2、were.certain what his plans were.A Amust notmust notB Bneed not need not C Cwould notwould notD Dmight notmight not解析 D考查情态动词。由后面的“wasnt certain(不确定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不来,所以选D。A项表示“不准,禁止”,B项表示“没必要”,C项不符合时态要求。专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接22011福建卷 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right no
3、w?I am afraid you_,in case he comes late for the meeting.AwillBmust CmayDcan解析 B考查情态动词。根据问题“要我马上告知他计划的改变吗?”可知答句为“恐怕你必须如此,以防他开会迟到”。专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接32011福建卷 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.AattendedBhad attendedCwould attend Dwould ha
4、ve attended解析 D考查虚拟语气。句意:“很可惜你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。”“我本来要参加,但忙于准备工作面试。”根据but后面的内容可知,设空处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以正确答案为D项。专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接42011湖南卷 No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh,you are really his big fan.AcanBneed CmustDmight解析 A考查情态动词。句意:“在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。”“噢,你真是他的粉丝。”根据句意可判断选A。专题专题8 8
5、高考链接高考链接52011江苏卷 I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone_ it.Awill have stolenBmight have stolenCshould have stolenDmust have stolen专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接解析 B考查情态动词。A项是将来完成时;D项是must对过去的肯定推测;C项表示本应该做某事而未做;B项表示过去本可能做某事。根
6、据句意“我把手提包忘在火车上了,但是幸运的是,有人把它交给一个铁路官员。”“难以置信还能找回来!我的意思是有人本可能偷走的。”可知是对过去可能性的推测,语气较弱,故选B项。专题专题8 8 高考链接高考链接专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 考点归纳 考点一情态动词的基本用法考点一情态动词的基本用法情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪,本身词义不全,不能情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪,本身词义不全,不能单独作谓语,必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词单独作谓语,必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动没有人称和数的变化,有的情态动词有过去式。
7、常见的情态动词有词有can,could,may,might,must,have to,shall,can,could,may,might,must,have to,shall,should,will,would,ought to,need,dare,used toshould,will,would,ought to,need,dare,used to等。等。1can,could的用法规则1:表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。如:Her mother can speak French.He could read books in English when he was only five
8、.规则2:表示客观的可能性。如:Anybody can make mistakes.Man cannot live without air.规则3:表示请求建议,用could 比 can语气更委婉(回答用原形)。如:Could you wait a few days for the money?Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:表示允许、许可,用could 比 can更委婉客气。如:Could/Can I borrow your reference books?You can smok
9、e in the entrance hall.规则5:否定句、疑问句和感叹句中,表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。如:Can it be true?You cant be serious!Oh,dear,what on earth can this mean?规则6:表示“经过努力后终于能”用be able to。如:They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则7:惯用形式“cannot(cant)too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么也不(过分)
10、”,用来加强语气。cannot/couldnt but do sth.不得不;只好。如:You cannot be too careful.I couldnt but choose to wait.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 2may,might的用法规则1:表示允许、请求。Might I?比 May I?语气更为委婉和有礼貌。如:May I ask you a question?Yes,please.May I watch TV after supper?Yes,you may.或No,you may not./Youd better not./You mustnt.(强烈的禁止语气)
11、专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:表示可能性,表示“或许,大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中,用might 比 may语气更加不肯定。如:He may be very busy these days.He might come tomorrow.规则3:may,might用于目的状语从句中,含“为了”或“以便”之意。如:Study hard so that you may work better in the future.They set out early so that they might arrive in time.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:惯用形式 may(mi
12、ght)as well动词原形:不妨做,最好。如:If that is the case,we may as well try.Now that they were all here,she might as well speak her mind.规则5:表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序:may主语动词原形!如:May you succeed!May the friendship between our two peoples last forever!专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 3must,have to的用法规则1:must 表示“必须”。强调主观看法,只有现在时形式,
13、否定式是must not(mustnt),表示“禁止,不准”。如:Everybody must obey the rules.You mustnt speak like that to your mother.Must I be home before eight oclock?Yes,you must./No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:must表示有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句中。如:You must be hungry after the long walk.Home cooking must b
14、e more delicious.规则3:have to表示“必须,不得不”,着重强调客观需要,能用于更多时态(过去式和将来式)。如:The students today will have to know how to use computers.As he had broken his leg,he had to lie in bed.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:must 有“偏要、硬要”之意。如:How old are you,madam?If you must know,Im twice my sons age.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 4will,would的用
15、法规则1:用于各种人称,表示意志或决心。will指现在,would则指过去。如:I will do my best to help you.They said that they would help us.规则2:用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求,would 比 will更委婉。如:Would you teach us how to drive a car?Will you please give him a message when you see him?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性,意为“总是,惯于”。will指现在,would指过去
16、。如:Fish will die without water.He will sit for hours reading.He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.规则4:表示说话人的推测,意为“大概,也许”。would 的肯定性不如will强,语气比较弱。如:That will be the man you want to see.Perhaps she would be willing to meet us.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:表示功能,译作“能”或“行”。如:That will do.The m
17、achine wont work.He tried the door again,but it wouldnt open.规则6:would 与used to 的区别:(1)used to 表示过去的某种习惯,现在已经没有那样的习惯了,侧重现在与过去的对比;would 只表示过去有某种习惯,没有侧重现在与过去的对比。(2)表示过去的状态,只能用used to,不能用would。如:There used to be a park here.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 5shall,should,ought to的用法规则1:表示征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。如:Shall I get
18、 you some tea?我给你点儿茶好吗?【温馨提示】Shall I/we?的回答,可用Yes,please./All right./Im sorry,but等。规则2:表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称。如:You shall do as I say.按我说的做。(命令)You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:shall用在条约,规章,法令等文件中,表示必然结果,多用于第二、三人称,常译为“必须”。如:“The interest shall be d
19、ivided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.法官宣判,利润应按照双方协定分成五份。【温馨提示】must表示“必须”,只是一种主观要求,语气与shall相比,差之甚远。规则4:should表义务,意为“应该”,可用于各种人称。如:You should be polite to the old.你对老人应该有礼貌。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:should表示推测或责备,意为“想必一定,照说应该,估计”等;表推测时往往指推测有一定的依据。如:The fi
20、lm should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。Its 8 oclock now.They should be home now.现在是8点了。他们应该在家。规则6:should用于表示惊奇、遗憾不该发生的事情,常译作“竟然”。如:Why should you be so late today?你今天竟然这么晚?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则7:在大多数情况下,ought to都可以被should代替。ought to语气比should重,往往表示从法律上或从道义上“应该”。如
21、:You shouldnt judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears.你不应当总是以貌取人。Parents ought to send their children to school when they reach seven years old.当孩子满七岁时,家长应该送孩子去上学。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 6need的用法规则1:need作情态动词表示“需要,必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中,且只有现在时,其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替。如:You neednt water the tomato plant
22、s now.Need he come now?Yes,he must./No,he neednt/he doesnt have to.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:need还可以用作行为动词,其变化和一般的动词相同。若主语为动作承受者时用动词主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。如:We need to have a rest.The house needs repairing.The house needs to be repaired.规则3:“Must?”一般疑问句的否定回答要用:No,sb.neednt/dont have to等。如:Must I finish my
23、homework now?No,you neednt/dont have to.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 7dare的用法规则1:dare作情态动词表示“敢于”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如:She dare not go there.How dare he do such a thing?规则2:惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我想,大概”。如:I dare say he is right.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:dare还可以用作行为动词,其变化与一般动词相同。如:The girl didnt dare to go home.Do you dare to
24、 jump into the ocean?I dont dare(to)ask her.【温馨提示】在否定句中,dare后的“to动词原形”可以省略to。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 考点二情态动词的其他用法can/must/may/should这4个情态动词可以用来对现在的情况、过去已经发生的动作或将来发生的行为进行推测,或表示现在、过去的一种可能性。1情态动词动词原形规则1:can 用于否定句和疑问句中,表示对现在状态、现在正在进行的动作的推测。(1)用于否定句,意为:“不可能”。如:He is in hospital.He cant be at school.(2)用于疑问句,意为:
25、“会不会”。如:Can he be free now?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:may 用于肯定句和否定句中,表示对现在的状态、现在正在进行的动作的推测。(1)用于肯定句,意为“也许,可能”(might 的可能性比may更小)。如:He has a car.He may come by car,but I am not sure.(2)用于否定句,意为:“也许不/没有,可能不/没有”。如:It is raining so hard.My friend may not come.规则3:must 表示猜测时,常与be连用,只能用于肯定句,意为:“肯定,必定”。如:The baby
26、 doesnt want anything.She must be full.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:should/ought to表示猜测时,只能用于肯定句,意为“理应,应当”(依据常规、常理、风俗、习惯等进行推测)。如:The new coat ought to be ready on Thursday.Its 9:00.The supermarket should be open.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 2情态动词完成式规则1:must have done 表示对过去所发生的事情的肯定推测,意为“一定做过某事”,如:Theres no light in the
27、 room.They must have gone to bed.规则2:cant/cannot have done 表示过去所发生行为的不可能性,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。could have done 表示过去本可能发生而实际上未发生的事情,意为“本可以”。如:You could have done the work better.你本来可以把工作做得更好一些的。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:may/might have done 表示过去也许/或许已经;本来可能(但实际上没有发生)。如:He might have given you more help,even though
28、 he was very busy.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:should/ought to have done 表示“本该做而实际上未做的事情”,其否定式意为“本不该做的事情,结果已经做了”,它们含有责备之意。如:You ought to have done the exercise more carefully.规则5:neednt have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了的事情”。如:You neednt have come over yourself.You could have given me a ring instead.你本来不必亲自来,只要给我通个电话就
29、行了。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 【温馨提示】(1)当must作“必须”意义讲时,其反意疑问部分用 neednt;_当含有mustnt时,其反意疑问部分用 must/may。如:You must go now,neednt you?You mustnt smoke here,must/may you?(2)当情态动词must表推测时,反意疑问部分助动词的使用要根据情态动词后面所隐含的时间来确定,如:You must be hungry now,arent you?You must have heard about it,havent you?You must have watched t
30、hat football match last night,didnt you?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 考点三虚拟语气1虚拟语气在条件句中的用法规则1:条件与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were);主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形。规则2:条件与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时had done;主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done。如:If I had done it in time,I should have had a good time.如果我及时做的话,日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能
31、及时做)专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:条件与将来事实相反,从句谓语用should do/were to do或一般过去时;主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形。如:If it were to rain tomorrow,I should not drive my car.如果明天下雨的话,我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)规则4:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,这就是所
32、谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如:If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在做得就会容易些了。If he had not taken my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议,他就不会做得这么好了。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则6:在条件句中,如果有were,had,should等,则可省略if,但应注意把were,had,should等提到从句主语之前。如:If he were to come,I would joi
33、n him in the discussion.Were he to come,I would join him in the discussion.如果他来,我将和他一道参加讨论。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则7:有些虚拟条件句没有从句,虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如:But for air and water,there would be no life on the earth.要是没有空气和水,地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)With your help,we might finish the plan earlier.要是有你的帮助,
34、我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help相当于虚拟条件句)专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 2虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法规则1:表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时。如:I wish I were you.How he wishes that he were a bird!规则2:表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时。如:I wish I had seen the film last night.We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.规则3:表示愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could
35、/might/would动词原形。如:We wish we would live on the moon one day.专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 3虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用规则1:在insist;command,order;demand,request,require,desire;advise,propose,suggest,recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:He proposed that we(should)deal with the problem by the view of development.他建议我们应该用发
36、展的眼光处理这个问题。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如:My proposal is that we(should)set a deadline for handing in the plan.我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。规则3:在It be suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,)that结构中,主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如:Its required that every stu
37、dent be on time for school.要求每个学生准时到校。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则4:do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时,句子的动词也使用虚拟语气,即“should动词原形”的形式,其中should可以省略。如:What type of computer do you recommend/suggest we(should)buy?你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢?专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:在Itsnecessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词that从句或I
38、ts a pity,a shame等名词that 从句中,谓语动词可以使用should do。如:It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately.这位重伤员必须马上治疗。Its a pity that you should be so careless.你竟然如此粗心,真是可惜。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 4虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法规则1:so that/in order that目的状语从句:从句用can/could/may/might动词原形。规则2:for fear that/in
39、case that 目的状语从句:从句用should动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。规则3:as if/as though方式状语从句:从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似。如:Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 5虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法规则1:Its high time that从句中,谓语动词可以使用过去式,也可使用should动词原形;表示“早该了”,其中should不可省略。如:Its high time we got up/should get up.我们早
40、该起床了。规则2:would rather从句中,谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反;用过去完成式,表示与过去的情况相反。如:I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:if only但愿,要是多好啊。如:If only you hadnt offended him.你当时不惹他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow.他明天能来就好了。规则4:其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如:May you succeed!祝你成功!Long live the Peoples Republic of
41、 China!中华人民共和国万岁!专题专题8 8 考点归纳考点归纳 专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读反面解读1 1【误误】The streets are all dry;it mustnt have rained last night.【正正】The streets are all dry;it cant have rained last night.解析解析 对对某一事某一事实实的否定推的否定推测测不能用不能用must,而要用,而要用cant 或或couldnt表示表示“不可能不可能”。2【误】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She mig
42、ht be ill,I guess.【正】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She might have been ill,I guess.解析 猜测的事情发生在昨天,因此要用“情态动词have done”的形式。当动词是be时,很容易忽略它的时态意义,要特别留意。专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读3【误】He must be very friendly at times.【正】He can be very friendly at times.解析 句意:他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测,而是一种理论上的可能性,因此用can。专题
43、专题8 8 反面解读反面解读4【误】I cant find my keys.I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.【正】I cant find my keys.I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.解析 表示对过去情况的推测,通常用must/may/might have done sth.另外,表示“把落在某地”应用动词leave。专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读5【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly,bu
44、t everyone could get out.【正】The fire spread through the hotel quickly,but everyone was able to get out.解析 表示成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用be able to do sth.。专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读6【误】Will I open the window for you?【正】Shall I open the window for you?解析 shall与第一、第三人称连用,表示征求意见或请求指示,这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用,即Will you?专题专题8
45、8 反面解读反面解读7【误】The plant is dead.Maybe I should give more water.【正】The plant is dead.Maybe I should have given more water.解析 根据第一句可知,植物已经死亡,所以应该是自责:本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做而未做”。专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读8【误】Hadnt they saved us,we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】Had they not saved us,we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】If they had not saved us,we would have been drowned in the stormy river.解析 当条件中含有were,had,should等时,可省略if,从而把were,had,should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句,则只把were,had,should提前,not仍放在主语之后。专题专题8 8 反面解读反面解读
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