Grammar (2).ppt

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1、boiling water(=water that is boiling)boiled water(=water that has boiled)Whats the water like?What happened to the people in the picture?They were injured in the earthquake.What should we do with these people?We should send the injured people to hospitals as soon as possible.过去分词作过去分词作定语定语过去分词作过去分词作

2、表语表语过去分词作过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫词叫分词形容词分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之外的动作之外,还表示还表示“被动被动”的的意义。如：意义。如：spoken English(英语口语英语口语)；一、过去分词作定语。一、过去分词作定语。iced beer(冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；cooked food(熟食熟食);fried ch

3、ips(炸土豆条炸土豆条)但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作,而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。意义。如如:boiled water(开水开水);fallen leaves(落叶落叶);the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)等。等。1.The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。单个动词的过去分词单个动词的过去分词,一般

4、放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面,作前置定语。作前置定语。e.g.The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again.虚度的时光虚度的时光,无法挽回。无法挽回。(=time which is lost)(1)前置定语前置定语 少数单个动词的过去分词少数单个动词的过去分词,如如 left 等等,只能作后置定语。只能作后置定语。e.g.1.Everything used should b

5、e marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Among the invited were some ladies.被邀请的人中被邀请的人中,有些是女士。有些是女士。3.The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。(2)后置定语后置定语 动词过去分词短语作定语时动词过去分词短语作定语时,通常通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当在意思上相当于一个定语从句。于一个定语从句。及物动词及物动词的过去分词作定的过去分词作定语用来表示被动语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的

6、定语可改为带被动语态的定语从句从句;不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词的过去分词(仅限于单个过仅限于单个过去分词去分词,且不能后置且不能后置)则表示完成则表示完成,可改为带可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。有完成时态的定语从句。e.g.1.Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗?(=that has been planned for tonight)2.The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。开得很成功。(=wh

7、ich was attended by a lot of people)3.We drank some boiled water and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。(=which had boiled)注意注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。考点一：作定语考点一：作定语1.Tsinghua University,_ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstand

8、ing figures.（福建（福建2011）A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded 点拨点拨 答案为答案为C。过去分词短语作后置。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰定语，修饰Tsinghua University。C2.The island,_ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.（2011大纲全国卷）大纲全国卷）A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 点拨点拨答案为答案为C。过去分词短语作后。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰置定语，修饰island

9、。C 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之意之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：如：He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后看完信后,他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。二、动词过去分词作表语。二、动词过

10、去分词作表语。amused(愉快的愉快的)；broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的有经验的);delighted(高兴的高兴的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)；disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的疲劳的)pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)；surprised(吃惊的吃惊的);married(已婚的已婚的)；known(著名的

11、著名的)等等。等等。常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:作表语动词过去分词可被作表语动词过去分词可被much,very,quite等所修饰。等所修饰。e.g.I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。考点二：作表语考点二：作表语1.In April,thousands of holiday makers

12、 remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.（福建（福建2010）A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck点拨点拨 答案为答案为B。remain此处是系动此处是系动词，后接过去分词表状态，表示词，后接过去分词表状态，表示“成千成千上万度假者被困在国外上万度假者被困在国外”。B 2.Tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home.（四川（四川2008）A.shout at B.to shout at C.shouted at D

13、.to be shouted at点拨点拨 答案为答案为C。此处表示。此处表示“汤姆知道汤姆知道自己肯定会被训斥自己肯定会被训斥”。C三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意表示被动意义或已完成意义义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。e.g.She found the door broken in when sh

14、e came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。Will you please make yourself heard to us,please?请你大声点让我们都听请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话到你说的话,好吗？好吗？少数少数不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态。强调动作完成后的状态。e.g.They found all the guests gone when they w

15、oke up.当他们醒来时当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。发现所有的客人都走了。动词过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法动词过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词过去分词可以在动词过去分词可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中补足语。在这一结构中,动词过去分词动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。语补足语变成了主语补足语。1.I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修

16、理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语宾语补足语)2.The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语主语补足语)(1)动词过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状动词过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。等。e.g.We thought the game lost 我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。I have nev

17、er heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动词过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足动词过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语语,这类动词包括这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。等。e.g.I have my hair cut once a month.

18、我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。她用双手按着脸。(请人请人)把某事做完。把某事做完。e.g.She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义：遭遇某种意外情况

19、。遭遇某种意外情况。e.g.He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。完成某事完成某事(自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。e.g.I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了他今年已

20、存了1000元。元。(3)动词过去分词可作表示希望、要求、动词过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括括like,want,wish,expect,order等等”这这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。e.g.He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电

21、视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。双手被反绑在后面。With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许

22、多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。看上就像一座漂亮的花园。考点三：作宾语补足语考点三：作宾语补足语1.Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.（陕西（陕西2011）A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked 点拨点拨 答案为答案为D。have sth.Done意为意为“使某物被使某物被”。D2.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.

23、（重庆（重庆2011）A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind点拨点拨 答案为答案为C。keep oneself reminded of.意为意为“使某人自己被提醒使某人自己被提醒”。CI.下列各句均有一处错误下列各句均有一处错误,指出并改正。指出并改正。1.The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited.2.Interesting in English,he listens to BBC every day.excited excitingInteresting Intere

24、sted3.How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!4.We met him at the giving time and place.5.When heard the news,she burst into laughter.understanding understoodgiving givenheard hearing或或heard前加前加she6.He was sitting in the chair,read a book.7.The villagers had many trees planting

25、 just then.8.Entered the room,she found the wall newly painted.read readingplanting plantedEntered Entering9.Surprising at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.10.There were the brothers look very much alike.Surprising Surprisedlook looking1.When I arrived home one day,I found her _(seat)under th

26、e tall tree.2.You can improve your mind by _(read)literary classics.3.In order to make himself _(hear),he raised his voice a little bit.II.用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。seatedreadingheard4.The pool,_(cover)an area of 300 square meters,is big enough for you to enjoy.5.The children will get _(confuse)if ask

27、ed to learn too much at a time.6.Do you like the book _(make)up of untrue stories?coveringconfusedmade7.Dont keep the visitor _(wait)for such a long time.8.Most of my classmates know that I like reading books _(write)by Zhang Ailing.writtenwaitingFinish all of the Grammar Ex.24 on Page 24,and Ex.12 on Page 65.HomeworkThank you!