(完好版)高中英语语法大全归纳总结.docx

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1、(完好版)高中英语语法大全归纳总结高中英语语法权威解析目录:第01章名词性从句第02章“It用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第03章高中英语语法中的省略现象第04章主谓一致第05章动词不定式第06章倒装构造第07章定语从句第08章被动语态第09章祈使句第10章感慨句第11章疑问句第12章名词第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因而根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在

2、主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比拟It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时可以用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。b)Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace

3、.谋杀案是在早上发生的。强调句型d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户。强调句型2.用it作形式主语的构造(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎(4)It过去分词从句Itissaidthat据讲3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：1if引导

4、的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2Itissaid/reported构造中的主语从句不可提早。例如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.3Ithappens/occurs构造中的主语从句不可提早。例如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4Itdoesn

5、tmatterhow/whether构造中的主语从句不可提早。例如：正确表达：Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesntmatter.5含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提早。例如：正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?错误表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如：a)Whatyousa

6、idyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常能够省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听讲他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你能否能帮我改

7、一下笔记。(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我讲她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,

8、proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。可以以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听讲她下个朋就会结婚了。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这

9、类词后能够用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不能够用that引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“构造中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正确表达：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达：Heimpressedthemanagerthat

10、hewasanhonestman.7.否认的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否认意义，一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我以为这件衣服不合适你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般构造是“主语连系动词表语从句。能够接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonistha

11、t和Itisbecause等构造。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，讲明名词的详细内容，一般由

12、that引导，例如：1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所讲明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的

13、that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描绘定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow_A.di

14、dthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis_makesthingwork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis_theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.

15、thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear_hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame_thesoldiers_thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldl

16、eaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12._themeetingshouldlasttw

17、odaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.?_morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15._hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16._youdontlike

18、himisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17._alltheinventionshaveincommonis_theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18._appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20._causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:15ABABC610A

19、ABAC1115BBCAB1620BCBAA第二章“It用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解It用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热门，因而应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达下面概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型：1.代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为(1)Itbeadj.(f

20、orsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描绘事件的形容词：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous例Itisillegal(forateenager)todrive

21、acarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描绘人的形容词：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Itsnogood/usedoingIts(well)worthdoingIts(well)worthoneswhiledoing

22、/todoIts(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1)Itis+noun+从句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseItssurprisingthat(should)竟然Itsapity/shamethat(should)竟然例Itsimportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=Itsofmuchimport

23、ancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/cha

24、ncedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat(should)(verb=demand,requ

25、est,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主语的句型1.Ittakessb.todo(=sbtakestodo)某人用多长时间做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.Its(just)(un)likesb.todo不像某人做某事的风格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.Its(about/high

26、)timethatshould/v-ed是该做某事的时候了例Its(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.Itsthex-thtime(that)havev-ed第几次做某事了例Itsthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeensincecontinuousv-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了例Its10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)before过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、

27、It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式宾语的常见句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyoulldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(ones)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(n

28、oun=nouse/nogood/worthoneswhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例Illmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat(should)verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat(should)(

29、verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+thatoweittosb.that把归功于leaveittosbthat把留给某人去做takeitfo

30、rgrantedthat想当然keepitinmindthat例Dontbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,dontmind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语从句紧跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcant.五、强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时可以以用who。在使

31、用强调句型时需注意下面几点：1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity？2.在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcometoschoolyesterday.3.在强调notuntil构造时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例Itwasat7o

32、clockthathecamehereyesterday.(强调句型)Itwas7oclockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定语从句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在白话当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、讲定、赶上、及时到达例Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在白话中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间例Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相当于infact,inreality表示“事实上，实际情况是例

33、Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywontfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相当于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是讲，能够讲，换句话讲例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitwerentfor/ifithadntbeenfor用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without,orbutfor,表示“假如不是，要不是例IfitwerentforTom,

34、Iwouldntbealivetoday.5.thatsit(1).相当于Thatsall.Thatssomuch.表示“至此为止，没有别的了例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthatsit.(2).相当于Thatsright.表示“对啦例Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“AThatsit.6.catchit在白话中，相当于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚例Wellreallycatchitformourteacherifwerelateforclass

35、again.7.haveit(1).相当于say,insist表示“讲，主张，表明，硬讲例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相当于gettoknowsomething,表示“了解，知道，得悉例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在白话中，相当于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“具有成功的条件例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.11.Goit!(G

36、oon!)拼命干,鲁莽12.Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)13.Nowyoullcatchit!(Youllbepunished.)14.Asithappened,在白话中，相当于itsapitythat,表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,在白话中，相当于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被证明是例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在白话中，相当于althoughitma

37、ynotbeworthmuch,表示“固然没有多大价值例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担忧，存住气例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在白话中，相当于believemewhatIsay.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保例Youcantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth在白话中，相当于althoughImnots

38、ureitsofvalue,表示“不管其价值怎样例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatitsworth.20.Worthit在白话中，相当于useful,表示“有好处，值得做例Donthesitateaboutit!Itsworthit.21.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放弃例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/

39、thatalldepends在白话中，相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来例Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.24.Itsuptosb.在白话中，相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示“由决定，由负责，取决于例Shallwegooutfordinner?Itsuptoyou.“It用法及其句型和固定搭配专练1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is_necessary

40、tocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_shetookoffherglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,t

41、hatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected_tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)10.Ihate_whenpeople

42、talkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.Doyoulike_here?Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全

43、国卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_fromsomewood.(全国卷)A.itB.OneC.HimselfD.another15.TheforeignMinistersaid,_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.(2004北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis16._isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogre

44、ss.(2004北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What17.Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,天津)_,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking18.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidntquite_asplaned.(2004浙江卷)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup19.Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame._.W

45、hateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.ItsuptoyouC.AllrightD.Gladtohearthat20.Itwas_backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidntgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidntgoKEYS:1-5ACDDB6-10DCDBA11-15ACDBD16-20BBBBC第三章高中英语语法中的省略现象在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文严密相连，能够省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下：一、并列复合句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句能够省略与前边分句中一样的成分。如：a)Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。b)Yo