环境科学与工程-精品文档资料.docx

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1、环境科学与工程环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。环境学总论原生环境primaryenvironment次生环境secondaryenvironment生态示范区ecologicaldemonstratearea环境地质学environmentalgeology环境地球化学environmentalgeo-chemistry环境土壤学environmentalsoilscience环境微生物学environmentalmicrobiology环境危机environmenta

2、lcrisis环境保护environmentalprotection环境预测environmentalforecasting环境自净environmentalself-purification环境效应environmentaleffect环境容量environmentalcapacity环境演化evolutionofenvironment环境舒适度environmentalcomfort环境背景值本底值environmentalbackgroundvalue环境保护产业环保产业environmentalproductionindustry环境壁垒绿色壁垒environmentalbarrier

3、绿色革命greenrevolution可持续发展sustainabledevelopment第三类环境问题社会环境问题thethirdenvironmentalproblem悬浮物suspendedsolids一次污染物primarypollutant二次污染物secondarypollutant全球性污染globalpollution排污收费pollutioncharge可更新资源renewableresources不可更新资源non-renewableresources自然保护区naturalreservearea防护林protectionforest公害publicnuisance矿山公

4、害miningnuisance工业废水industrialwastewater矿山废水miningdrainage生活饮用水domesticpotablewater草原退化grasslanddegeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力populationpressure人口净增率rateofpopulation全球环境监测系统globalenvironmentmonitoringsystemGEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinesepolicyforenvironmentprotection“三同时原则principleof“thethreeatthesametime二

5、噁英公害dioxinenuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disasterinMeuseValley多诺拉烟雾事件disasterinDonora伦敦烟雾事件disasterinLondon水俣病事件minamatadiseaseincident骨痛病事件itai-itaidisasterincident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件LosAngelesphotochemicalsmogepisode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichiasthmaepisode米糠油事件Yushodiseaseincident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环watercirculation地面水地表水surfacewa

6、ter水位waterlevel下渗入渗sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highestwaterlevel最低水位lowestwaterlevel平均水位averagewaterlevel警戒水位warningwaterlevel流速flowvelocity流量discharge洪水期floodseason枯水期low-waterseason参考学习冲刷washout含水层aquifer隔水层不透水层aquiclude透水层permeablestratum层间水interlayerwater承压水有压层间水confinedwater或自流水artesianwater孔隙水void

7、water岩溶水喀斯特水karstwater径流runoffflow地表径流runoff地下水groundwater流域保护waterbasinprotection淡水freshwater咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amountofprecipitation降水强度intensityofprecipitation水环境容量carryingcapacityofwaterenvironment水土流失土壤侵蚀soilandwaterloss点源污染pointsourcepollution面源污染non-pointsourcepollution扩散diffusion

8、涡流eddycurrent涡流扩散eddydiffusion富营养化废水eutrophicwaste-water污水sewage漫灌floodirritation水底沉积物底质或底泥benthaldeposit总固体totalsolids悬浮固体suspendedsolids总溶解固体totaldissolvedsolids河流复氧常数constantofriverreoxygenation湖泊酸化lakeacidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophiclake中营养湖mesotrophiclake贫营养湖oligotrophiclake水库reserv

9、oir海洋处置seadisposal海底采样seafloorsample赤潮红潮redtide海水淡化desalinationofseawater海底沉积物seabottomsediment海洋倾倒oceandumping水质waterquality水资源综合利用waterresourceintegratedutilization水土保持soilandwaterconservation河道整治channelimprovement水污染毒性生物评价biologicalassessmentofwaterpollutiontoxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-p

10、urificationofwaterbody水环境保护功能区水质功能区functionaldistrictofwaterenvironment土地处理系统landtreatmentsystem土地沙漠化landdesertification土壤肥力soilfertility土壤酸碱度soilacidityandalkalinity土壤污染防治preventionandtreatmentofsoilpollution土壤盐渍化土壤盐碱化soilsalination土壤酸化soilacidification母质土壤母质或成土母质parentmaterial土壤剖面soilprofile腐殖质化hu

11、mification淋溶作用leaching土壤改进soilimprovement土壤粒级soilseparate土壤质地soiltexture缓冲作用buffering/bufferaction缓冲剂bufferingagent/buffer缓冲容量buffercapacity盐基饱和度basesaturationpercentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvicacid胡敏素humin土壤团圆体soilaggregate土壤退化土壤贫瘠化soildegeneration土壤地带性soilzonality污水灌溉wastewaterirrigation臭氧层ozonelayer降水

12、precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitationintensity大气环境容量atmosphericenvironmentalcapacity参考学习事后评价afterwardsassessment烟尘消除eliminationofsmokeanddust温室效应greenhouseeffect大气扩散atmosphericdiffusion烟羽烟流或羽流plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limitsoftolerance最小因子定律lawofminimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmentalstress

13、生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期lifecycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponentialgrowth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non-persistentpesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewageirrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地w

14、orldnaturalandhistoricalheritagesite储量stock过度捕获over-hunting;over-fishing猎渔期openseason农业残渣agriculturaldregs赤潮redtide藻花algaebloom/水花waterbloom原生污染物primarypollutant次生污染物secondarypollutant急性毒性实验acutetoxicitytest慢性毒性实验chronictoxicitytest预备实验screeningtest;range-findingtest;preliminarytest稀释dilution归宿fate生

15、物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biologicaldegradation;biodegradation生物营养物质bioticnutrient多污生物带polysaprobiczone中污生物带mesosaprobiczone寡污生物带oligosaprobiczone敏感种sensitivespecies;intolerantorganism耐污种tolerantspecies生物滤池biologicalfilter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purificationpond生物膜biomembrane;

16、biologicalfilm轮作croprotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘形式farmlandandfishpondmodel防护林带shelterbelt沼气marshgas农家肥farmmanure堆肥piledmanure城市热岛效应urbanheatislandeffect城市生态规划urbanecologicalplanning环境激素endocrinedisruptingchemicals;endocrinedisruptors边缘效应edgeeffect生态恢复ecologicalrestoration恢复生态学restoration

17、ecological环境化学甲基汞methylmercury镉米cadmiumrice农药残留pesticideresidue有机氯农药organochlorinepesticide有机磷农药organophosphorouspesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamateinsecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroidinsecticide植物生长调节剂growthregulator参考学习化学致癌物chemicalcarcinogen外表活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinatedbiphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtichydroca

18、rbon;PAH催化催化作用catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemicaloxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetylnitrate；PAN干沉降drydeposition湿沉降wetdeposition光化学烟雾photochemicalsmog大气光化学atmosphericphotochemistry降水化学precipitationchemistry气溶胶化学aerosolchemistry悬浮颗粒物suspendedparticulate总悬浮颗粒物totalsuspendedparticulates(TSP)飘尘可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘a

19、irborneparticle降尘落尘dustfall；fallingdust气溶胶aerosol水质waterquality盐度salinity氧化复原电位oxidation-reductionpotential；redoxpotential溶解氧dissolvedoxygen化学需氧量chemicaloxygendemand生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand总有机碳totalorganiccarbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ionexchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液b

20、uffersolution氧平衡形式氧垂曲线oxygenbalancemodel吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭activecarbon氧化剂oxidant复原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidalsolution脱硫剂desulfurizationagent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extractingagent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculatingagent无机絮凝剂inorganicflocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organicpolymerflocculant中和法neutralization反浸透膜r

21、everseosmosismembrane硅胶silicagel蒸汽蒸馏steamdistillation超滤膜ultrafiltermembrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精细度precision可靠性reliability检测限detectionlimit相对误差relativeerror绝对误差absoluteerror偶尔误差accidentalerror平均偏差meandeviation采样误差samplingerror标准溶液standardsolution标准物质standardsubstance允许误差allowableerror允许浓度allowab

22、leconcentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析traceanalysis现场分析in-situanalysis仪器分析instrumentalanalysis水质分析waterqualityanalysis比色分析colorimetricanalysis沉降分析sedimentationanalysis自动分析automaticanalysis原子吸收分光光度法atomicabsorptionspectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomicabsorptionspectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomicfluorescencespect

23、rometry原子荧光光谱仪atomicfluorescencespectrometer电化学分析法electrochemicalmethod高效液相色谱法highperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相色谱仪highperformanceliquid参考学习chromatograph气相色谱分析gaschromatography气相色谱仪gaschromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器airsampler底泥采样器sedimentsamplerpH计pHmeter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationarysourcesofairp

24、ollution移动大气污染源mobilesourcesofairpollution固定式水污染源stationarysourcesofwaterpollution移动式水污染源mobilesourcesofwaterpollution污染负荷pollutionload污染源调查surveyofpollutionsources无污染工艺pollution-freetechnology无污染装置pollution-freeinstallation污染物总量控制totalamountcontrolofpollution水质参数waterqualityparameter水温watertemperat

25、ure色度colorindex透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuouspollutionindex毒理学污染指标physicalpollutionindex化学污染指标chemicalpollutionindex细菌学污染指标bacteriologicalpollutionindex毒理学污染指标toxicologicalpollutionindex城市污水municipalsewage生活污水domesticsewage工业废水industrialwastewater常规分析指标indexofroutineanalysis环境监测

26、environmentalmonitoring经过监测coursemonitoring污染物排放标准pollutiondischargestandard总量排放标准totalamountofpollutiondischargestandard优先监测prioritymonitoring环境优先污染物environmentalprioritypollutant总固体totalsolids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhaleparticles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratoryqualityconrol空白实验值blankvalue平行样duplicatesampl

27、es再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recoveryrate检出限detectionlimit冷原子吸收法cold-vaporatomicabsorptionmethod紫外吸收光谱法ultravioletabsorptionspectrophotometry重量分析gravimetricanalysis内标法internalmarkermethod定性分析qualitativeanalysis定量分析quantitiveanalysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值meanvalue标准差standarderror方差variat

28、ion回归分析regressionanalysis相关分析correlationanalysis相关系数correlationcoefficient系统误差systematicerror随机误差randomerror有效数字validfigure农药残留分析pesticideresidueanalysis排污收费effluentcharge室内空气污染indoorairpollution水体自净self-purificationofwaterbody水土保持soilandwaterconservation水土流失soilerosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复biorem

29、ediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhousegases总量收费totalquantitycharge超临界流体supercriticalfluid土壤采样soilpollution参考学习环境物理学光辐射(光)visibleradiation红外线infraredray紫外线ultravioletray灭菌灯bactericidallamp光污染lightpollution噪声污染noisepollution混响reverberation听力损失hearingloss绝对湿度absolutehumidity相对湿度relativehumidity饱和度sa

30、turationratio冷凝condensation露点温度dewpointtemperature热辐射thermalradiation比热specificheat空气调节airconditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integratedpreventionandcontrolofpollution环境功能区划environmentalfunctionzoning稀释比dilutionratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulentdiffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygendeficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-o

31、xygensagcurve饱和溶解氧saturateddissolved无污染燃料pollution-freefuel燃烧combustion空气燃料比air-to-fuelratio烟气分析analysisoffluegas煤的综合利用comprehensiveutilizationofcoal脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particlecollectionefficiency分割粒径cutdiameterforparticles压力损失压力降pressuredrop机械除尘器mechanicalcollector重力沉降室gravitysettlingchamber惯性除尘器

32、inertialdustseparator旋风除尘器cyclonecollector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flowcyclonecollector直流旋风除尘器straight-throughcyclonecollector多管旋风除尘器multiplecyclonecollector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器baghouse滤料filtrationmedia气布比air-to-clothratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器baghousewithshakecleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器baghousewithreverse-flowcleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器ba

33、ghousewithpulse-jetcleaning静电除尘electrostaticprecipitator(ESP)电晕放电coronadischarge驱进速度driftvelocity集尘极collectingelectrode板间距distancebetweencollectingelectrodes电极清灰removalofcollectedparticlefromelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器widespaceelectrostaticprecipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulsechargingelectrostaticprecipitator湿式静电除尘器wetelectrostaticprecipitator双区静电除尘器两段式电除尘器two-stageelectrostaticprecipitator湿式除尘器wetcollectorofparticulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitationalsprayscrubber参考学习