古代朱丹溪与张景岳关于妇科病诊治的思想比较,中医妇科论文.docx
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1、古代朱丹溪与张景岳关于妇科病诊治的思想比较,中医妇科论文摘 要: 朱丹溪是金元四大家之一,张景岳是明代医家,二者在妇科方面均有独到见地,通过研读朱丹溪、张景岳着作中牵涉妇科病的内容以及后人对二者各自妇科病学术思想的整理文献,对二者妇科学术思想进行辨析。二者均以补血调血治疗月经病,善用四物汤,但朱丹溪以为调经不离痰,且注重调补脾胃之气,张景岳则以为调经宜以补脾胃肾为先;治疗带下病方面,朱丹溪以为应以清热燥湿除痰,而张景岳以为带下有六因,当因证而治;安胎方面,朱丹溪以为产前当清热养血,而张景岳以为应详辨寒热虚实;治疗产后诸证,朱丹溪以为产后虚弱应当大补气血为先,而张景岳以为产后诸证应辨其虚实,不得
2、概行蛮补。 本文关键词语: 朱丹溪; 张景岳; 妇科病; 学术思想; 四物汤; Abstract: Zhu Danxi was one among the four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties while Zhang Jingyue was a physician in Ming Dynasty, both of them had their unique views on gynopathy. This paper aims to make a study on the gynopahty part in their masterpieces and
3、then sort out literature involving the gynopathy to analyze their academic thoughts. They both treated menopathy by nourishing and regulating blood and Siwu decoction. However, Zhu held that regulating menstruation cannot avoid phlegm and he emphasized invigorating spleen and stomach qi. By contrast
4、, Zhang maintained that regulating menstruation should invigorate spleen, stomach and kidney first. In terms of the treatment of leukorrhagia, Zhu believed that to clear the heat, dryness and dampness can dispel the phlegm, whereas Zhang proposed to treat the disease according to the symptoms since
5、leukorrhagia was caused by six factors. In terms of miscarriage prevention, Zhu proposed to clear the heat to maintain the blood prenatally while Zhang insisted on the detailed differentiation of coldness and heat as well as deficiency and excessiveness. In terms of the treatment of postnatal sympto
6、ms, Zhu proposed to maximally nourish qi and blood firstly because of the postnatal weakness, instead Zhang adhered to the tenets of differentiation of the deficiency and excessiveness of postnatal symptoms, and he held that unreasonable invigoration was not feasible. Keyword: Zhu Danxi; Zhang Jingy
7、ue; gynopathy; academic thoughts; 朱丹溪是金元四大家之一,以善治杂病着称,在妇科方面有独特的临床见解,其着作(格致余论(金匮钩玄(丹溪心法(丹溪治法心要等书中均有讨论妇科病的篇章。张景岳是明代医家,中医理论造诣深切厚重,在妇科方面亦有独到见地,撰写的(景岳全书中即有(妇人规二卷,是其治疗妇科病学术思想的代表之作。(妇人规对妇科理论的阐述较为全面,临床实用价值较高。 妇科病是女性的常见病、多发病,中医妇科病包括月经病、带下病、前阴病、胎(产)前病、产时病、产后病、妇科杂病等1。笔者通过系统研究朱丹溪着作中关于妇科病的阐述及张景岳的妇科专着,着重选取了二者治疗妇科
8、病学术思想上有密切联络的月经病、带下病、胎(产)前病和产后病进行辨析。现就二者妇科治疗特色评述如下。 1 、朱丹溪与张景岳治疗妇科病之一样 1.1 、四物汤为调经之主方 四物汤始载于唐代骨伤科专着(仙授理伤续断秘方,原方用治外伤瘀血作痛,后被(太平惠民和剂局方收录,用治妇人诸疾,今多作为补血调血之基础方,华而不实熟地为滋阴补血之要药,当归补血和血,白芍养血敛阴,川芎活血行气,四药合用,共成补血调血之功2。(蒲辅周医疗经历体验云: 此方为一切血病通用之方。 朱氏治疗血之病善用四物汤加味以养血调经,如(丹溪心法 妇人3中治血少之经水过期用四物汤加人参、白术;治血热之经水不及期而来,用四物汤加黄连;
9、治血热之过期紫黑有块,用四物汤加香附、黄连;治血虚之过期而来,宜用四物汤加黄芪、陈皮、升麻以补血。凡此之属,不胜枚举,加减变化,皆有据可循。 张氏(妇人规 经脉诸脏病因4云: 女子以血为主,血旺则经调。而子嗣、身体之盛衰,无不肇端于此,故治妇人之病,当以经血为先。 张氏继承朱氏的治血之法,常以四物汤为主要方剂经过加减化裁以达补血调血之功。(妇人规 血虚经乱云: 治疗肝脾血虚,以四物汤为主方,识别寒热分别加用肉桂或黄芩。 (妇人规 血热经迟中治疗阴火内烁之血热,用加减四物汤;(妇人规 经期腹痛中治疗血热所致之经期腹痛,用加味四物汤。由此可见,两位医家调经之法为后世治疗月经病之血病提供了新的思路和
10、方式方法。 1.2 、以湿热论带下,治带宜清利湿热 带下病的病因以湿热结于带脉较为常见,朱氏于(丹溪手镜谓: 因湿热结于带脉,津液泛溢,入小肠为赤,入大肠为白。 (金匮钩玄又云: 瘦人带病少,如有带者是热也。黄柏、滑石、川芎、椿皮、海石。 赤白带皆属于热 湿甚者,用固肠丸。相火动者,于诸药中少加炒柏。 邪气使带脉的约束功能失常,津液不循常道,入小肠则化为赤带,入大肠则化为白带,治下焦湿热带下尤善用黄柏、椿皮二药泻热燥湿5。 张氏于(妇人规中曰: 湿热带下而为带浊 证有烦渴而多热者,宜保阴煎、加味逍遥散、或经历体验猪肚丸亦佳。若热甚兼淋而赤者,宜龙胆泻肝汤。 即湿热下注者,治宜清热养阴祛湿,若证
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