淬火轨冶炼过程中典型夹杂物变化规律的研究,冶金工程论文.docx
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1、淬火轨冶炼过程中典型夹杂物变化规律的研究,冶金工程论文内容摘要:为研究淬火轨冶炼经过中典型夹杂物的变化规律,进一步提高钢中非金属夹杂物控制水平,以国内某钢厂 150 t转炉炼钢 150 t LF精炼 VD脱气 280 mm 380 mm方坯连铸 工艺生产的淬火轨为研究对象,对冶炼经过系统取样,结合氧氮分析、钢液成分分析以及钢中非金属夹杂物分析,从夹杂物成分、数密度和尺寸等方面研究其变化规律。研究结果表示清楚,淬火轨冶炼经过氧氮含量和夹杂物数密度持续降低,夹杂物去除效果明显;LF进站钢中典型夹杂物主要成分为SiO2-MnO-Al2O3,主要是转炉采用硅锰脱氧合金化产生的脱氧产物;LF合金化后典型
2、夹杂物主要成分为CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO,夹杂物中CaO和Al2O3含量显着升高,SiO2和MnO含量降低,主要是合金辅料带入的Ca和Als与钢中的溶解氧或氧化物夹杂发生反响所致,MgO含量升高与钢包耐火材料侵蚀有关;LF出站钢中典型夹. 更多 本文关键词语:淬火轨;脱氧产物;典型夹杂物;耐火材料;干净度; Abstract:In order to study the change law of typical inclusions in the smelting process of quenching rails and further improve the control
3、level of non-metallic inclusions in steel, the quenching rail produced by the 150 t converter steelmaking 150 t LF refining VD degassing 280 mm 380 mm billet continuous casting process of a domestic steel mill was taken as the research object, and the smelting process system was sampled, combined wi
4、th oxygen and nitrogen analysis, molten steel composition analysis and non-metallic inclusion analysis in steel, and its change law was studied from the aspects of inclusion composition, numerical density and size. The results show that the oxygen and nitrogen content and the density of inclusions i
5、n the quenching rail smelting process continue to decrease, and the effect of inclusion removal is obvious. The main component of the typical inclusions in LF inlet steel is SiO2-MnO-Al2O3, which is mainly the deoxidation product produced by the converter using silicon manganese deoxidation alloying
6、. The main component of the typical inclusions after LF alloying is CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO, the content of CaO and Al2O3 in the inclusions is significantly increased, and the content of SiO2 and MnO is reduced, mainly due to the reaction of Ca and Als brought into the alloy accessories with dissolved ox
7、ygen or oxide inclusion in the steel, and the increase in MgO content is related to the erosion of the ladle refractory material. The main component of the typical inclusions in LF outbound steel is CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO, and the content of CaO and MgO in the inclusions is increased, and the content of
8、 Al2O3 is decreased. It is mainly the result of the reaction of steel-slag and the transfer to molten steel after the reaction of molten steel and refractory. The typical inclusion core at inner arc 1/4 of the casting blank is Al2O3-MgO, and the outer layer is Al2O3-SiO2-CaO. Affected by the additio
9、n of alloy accessories and the generation of inclusions and the aggregation and floating of inclusions, the size of inclusions fluctuates periodically over time within a certain range. In the LF and VD stages, due to the soft blowing, the inclusions are reduced in density and the size is increased.
10、The size of the inclusions in the tundish is relatively stable, and the size of the inclusions in the casting blank is significantly increased due to the collision and aggregation of the inclusions in the continuous casting process. Some spinel-like inclusions during the rolling process are brittle,
11、 resulting in a decrease in the average size of the inclusions and a slight increase in the number. Therefore, strict controlling the content of Als in ferrosilicon and calcium barium silicon, as well as other impurities in accessories material, plays an important role in improving the cleanliness o
12、f the quenching rail. Keyword:quenched rail; deoxidation product; typical inclusions; refractory material; cleanliness; 淬火轨要求高干净度、高强度、高韧性及抗疲惫性等,随着技术的不断发展,对淬火轨的质量要求日益提高,而非金属夹杂物是影响其质量的主要原因之一1,2,3,4,5,6。淬火轨的脱氧制度选择是决定钢中夹杂物类型的关键因素,国内几大钢轨生产企业如包钢、攀钢、武钢以及鞍钢等,均采用硅钙钡复合脱氧工艺,即在转炉出钢和LF精炼经过中参加硅钙钡合金进行脱氧7,8,9,10,11
13、。当前国内淬火轨钢中w(T.O)普遍控制在10 10-6左右,低总氧含量控制已极大地提高了钢水的干净度,但是钢中常发现大尺寸CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO类型夹杂物12,13,14,15,严重影响钢轨性能。 因而,在实际冶炼经过中,氧化物夹杂是淬火轨控制的关键,其经常引起探伤不合格或夹杂物超标16,有必要把握淬火轨冶炼经过中氧化物夹杂的变化规律。本文以国内某钢厂生产的淬火轨为研究对象,通过冶炼经过系统取样分析,研究钢中非金属夹杂物的变化,为进一步有效控制淬火轨钢中夹杂物,提高产品质量提供参考。 1 试验方案 淬火轨成分设计和试验炉次化学成分见表1,工艺流程为:KR铁水预处理脱硫 150
14、t顶底复吹转炉冶炼 150 t LF精炼 VD真空脱气 方坯连铸(280 mm 380 mm)。针对淬火轨冶炼经过,制定如下取样方案:LF精炼分别在进站、合金化前、合金化后、软吹5 min和出站取样。VD精炼分别在进站、破空、软吹10 min和出站取样。连铸分别在浇铸5 min、浇铸中期和末期取样。铸坯在钢坯内弧1/4处取样,轧材分别在钢轨轨头、轨腰和轨底处取样。 对所取试样进行加工处理,采用Aspex自动扫描电镜观察夹杂物成分、形貌及尺寸,采用TCH600氧氮分析仪分析钢中氧氮含量,采用ICP检测钢中Ca、Mg、Als等元素含量。通过对试样进行氧氮分析、钢液成分分析以及非金属夹杂物分析,研究
15、淬火轨冶炼经过中典型夹杂物的变化规律。 表1 淬火轨成分设计及试验炉次化学成分(wB) 2 试验分析与讨论 2.1 氧氮含量变化 淬火轨钢冶炼经过中氧含量和氮含量的变化趋势如此图1所示。从LF进站到VD破空,钢中w(T.O)持续降低,从0.024 %以上迅速降低到0.000 9 %左右,且破空时钢中氧活度为0.000 33 %,此时钢中的氧主要以氧化物的形式存在。LF进站w(N)=0.003 7 %,LF精炼经过由于原辅料的参加及电极损耗等,造成钢液增氮质量分数约13 10-6,VD脱气效果显着,破空后氮的质量分数降低约20 10-6。软吹经过中w(T.O)升高,约(56) 10-6,氮含量没
16、有明显变化,讲明软吹经过前5 min氩气流量偏大导致钢水裸露发生二次氧化,而且炉渣、衬砖与钢液互相作用使钢中T.O含量升高。软吹15 min(VD出站)钢中w(T.O) 0.001 3 %,氧活度为0.000 94 %,较VD破空时升高,此时钢中的氧主要以溶解氧的形式存在。浇铸前期T.O和氮含量均有所升高,主要由于此阶段发生二次氧化所致。浇铸末期钢水w(T.O) 0.001 2 %,铸坯及钢轨w(T.O) 0.001 0 %,下降2 10-6左右,w(N)上升(34) 10-6,钢轨中w(N)稳定在0.004 0 %左右。 图1 淬火轨钢冶炼经过中氧氮含量变化 2.2 钢液成分变化 淬火轨钢冶
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