皮肤镜检测对疥疮诊断和治疗的临床应用价值,皮肤病学论文.docx
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1、皮肤镜检测对疥疮诊断和治疗的临床应用价值,皮肤病学论文摘 要: 目的 讨论皮肤镜在皮肤科临床中诊断、指导治疗疥疮的应用价值。方式方法 选取杭州市第三人民医院皮肤科就诊的皮损的疑似疥疮患者206例,用皮肤镜随机检测3个皮损部位并诊断,观察经皮肤镜确诊为疥疮患者皮损的隧道形态、 褐色三角 并记录。选取皮肤镜方式方法检测到 褐色三角 形态的20例患者,在该处进行刮出物涂片法进行光学显微镜检查验证。随访统计确诊为疥螨患者接受杀虫、抗炎治疗3个月后临床疗效。结果 患者平均年龄41.0 28.3岁。经皮肤镜检测,疥疮诊断率47.6%(98/206)。华而不实26岁患者检出率62.9%,724岁患者检出率6
2、4%,2565岁患者检出率28.2%, 65岁患者检出率36.4%。确诊疥疮的98例患者共294处皮损,可见隧道的皮损共284处96.6%,可见虫卵的皮损共22处7.5%,可见 褐色三角 的皮损共276处93.9%,提示需进行杀虫抗炎治疗。20例检查到虫体的患者挤刮物涂片镜检,证实为疥螨感染。随访发现98例确诊为疥螨患者接受杀虫、抗炎治疗1个月后均痊愈,治愈率为100%。结论 皮肤镜成像技术对疥螨感染的诊断效率较高,隧道、 褐色三角 是确诊疥疮的特异性皮肤镜图像,皮肤镜有在体、无创、无痛苦、实时的诊断疥疮,并指导治疗。 本文关键词语: 疥疮; 皮肤镜; 诊断; 隧道; 褐色三角; Abstra
3、ct: Objective In order to explore the application value of dermoscopy in the clinical diagnosis of dermatology and guiding the treatment for scabies. Methods Totally 206 suspected patients of scabies that consulted in the department of dermatology,Hangzhou third people s hospital,as a result of skin
4、 lesion were selected into this study. Three skin lesions were randomly detected and diagnosed through dermoscopy;and the tunnel as well as brown triangle signs in patients diagnosed with scabies through dermoscopy were observed and recorded. Meanwhile,20 patients with brown triangle sign detected b
5、y dermoscopy were selected,and squeegee smear microscopy was performed at that site for verification. Afterwards,the clinical efficacy of dermoscopy-confirmed patients that received insecticidal and anti-inflammatory treatment for two weeks was followed up and calculated. Results The average age of
6、suspected patients was(41.0 28.3) years old. The diagnostic rate of scabies upon dermoscopy was 47.6%(98/206). Among them,the detection rate among patients aged from two to six years was62.9%,that among patients aged from 7 to 24 years was 64%,that among patients aged from 25 to 65 years was 28.2%,a
7、nd that among patients aged over 65 years was 36.4%. There were altogether 294 skin lesions among the 98 patients of scabies,among which,284 had displayed the tunnel sign(96.6%),while 276 had shown the brown triangle sign(93.9%),which had revealed the necessity of insecticidal treatment. For the 20
8、patients detected with brown triangle sign,the squeegee smear microscopy at that site had confirmed infection with pathogen of Sarcoptes scabiei. Moreover,it was discovered through one month follow-up,all the 98 patients diagnosed with scabies had recovered from insecticidal and anti-inflammatory tr
9、eatment,yielding the recovery rate of 100%. Conclusion Dermoscopic imaging technique has displayed high diagnostic efficiency specific to scabies;and tunnel and brown triangle signs are the dermoscopic findings of diagnosing scabies.Dermoscopy can diagnose disease in an in vivo,non-invasive,painless
10、 and real-time manner,which can also be utilized to guide treatment. Keyword: Scabies; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis; Tunnel; Brown triangle; 疥疮Scabies是疥螨寄生于皮肤角质引起的瘙痒性疾病,全球发病数约每年3亿例1。皮损表现为丘疹、结节、隧道,常被误诊为湿疹、痒疹等,未接受必要的杀虫治疗、仅使用糖皮质激素外用可能、导致疗效不理想,病情拖延、加重,更易传染别人2。因而对疑似疥螨感染的患者应进行疥螨检测,以减少漏诊和误诊,确诊后及时杀虫治疗,可到达较好的疗效、减少病
11、人痛苦。疥螨感染的传统检测主要为刮出物涂片法,受检查方式方法、时间的影响,较难直接检出疥螨实体,疥螨感染的检出率较低,可能导致漏诊3,4。 皮肤镜近年在皮肤影像技术中临床应用较为广泛,能够实如今体、无创、实时、动态观察皮损形态与特点。国外使用皮肤镜对疥疮患者进行检测,能够看到隧道、 褐色三角 等典型表现5,6,典型的皮肤镜检查特点是滑翔机型疥螨头和腿构成的三角形或飞机凝结尾迹白色的隧道内散在卵和粪便,肯定了皮肤镜在疥疮诊断中的重要意义7,8。当前,皮肤镜对大样本疑似疥疮患者检测的研究未见报道,本文用皮肤镜检测技术对206例疑似疥疮患者进行诊断,讨论皮肤镜检测对疥疮诊断和治疗的临床应用价值。 1
12、 、对象与方式方法 1.1 、研究对象 2021年1月 2021年12月至杭州市第三人民医院皮肤科就诊的疑似疥疮患者表现为:指缝、手掌、手腕、乳房女性、生殖器尤其是男性、腹股沟可见丘疹、水疱,夜间痒剧,年龄、性别不限;排除有其他基础疾病史者,排除最近有使用外用制剂润肤剂除外者。符合条件患者共206例,华而不实男98例,女108例,年龄281岁,平均41 28.3岁。收集患者一般信息,观察、记录皮损位置和形态特点。 1.2 、方式方法 1.2.1、 皮肤镜检测 患者取舒适的体位,充分暴露皮损。使用Medicam800 HD皮肤镜Fotofinder公司,德国,在成像区偏振浸润形式下,使用75%乙
13、醇作为介质,采集皮肤镜图像。每个患者随机选用3个不同部位的新发皮损进行诊察,观察皮肤镜下皮损特点。 1.2.2、 镜检 随机选取皮肤镜检测提示疥螨感染阳性的患者20例,标记处皮损处,用刮刀刮取隧道,刮取隧道内容物,置于载玻片上,加1滴镜油,敷上盖玻片,轻压后置于显微镜下观察疥螨。 1.2.3、 疗效随访 通过皮肤镜确诊为疥疮的患者,使用10%硫磺软膏2次/d、有结节性及湿疹样皮损者加用卤米松乳膏1次/d治疗,并对患者进行健康和卫生教育。 1.3 、统计学分析 用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析。采用卡方检验,检验水平为 =0.05。 2 、结果 2.1、 皮肤镜检测结果 206例疑似疥螨感
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