新生儿颅内出血诊断中超声和CT的应用,临床诊断学论文.docx
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1、新生儿颅内出血诊断中超声和CT的应用,临床诊断学论文摘 要: 目的 旨在讨论超声和CT在诊断新生儿颅内出血中的临床价值。方式方法 选取我院2021年1月2021年12月收治的61例新生儿颅内出血患者,收集61例新生儿颅内出血患者的临床资料及影像学资料,比拟不同检查对新生儿颅内出血的检出率及诊断符合率。结果 CT检查对新生儿颅内出血的的总检出率及总诊断正确率分别为88.76%、85.39%,超声检查分别为88.76%、85.39%,两者间无明显统计学差异(P 0.05);超声对脑室管膜下出血灶检出率明显优于CT(100.00%vs87.09%),超声对脑室内出血灶检出率、诊断正确率均为100%,
2、明显高于CT检查72.22%、66.66%(P 0.05);CT检查对硬脑膜下、蛛网膜下腔出血灶检出率及诊断正确率明显高于超声检查(P 0.05);超声检查中新生儿颅内出血灶主要表现为强回声,部分患者可发生不同程度脑室增宽、脑中线构造移位;CT扫描中出血灶多数均表现为高密度影,硬脑膜下出血小脑幕多见高密度增厚,颅底出现新月形高密度区;少数患者蛛网膜下腔出血灶存在矢状窦旁 三角征 。结论 超声和CT检查均可有效检出并正确诊断新生儿颅内出血,超声对脑室内、脑室管膜下出血灶显示优势较为明显,CT在检出硬脑膜下、蛛网膜下腔出血灶中优于超声,临床可根据患者个人情况,选择检查方式。 本文关键词语: 超声;
3、 CT; 诊断; 新生儿颅内出血; 临床价值; Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates. Methods 61 cases of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected. Clinical data an
4、d imaging data of 61 cases of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were collected to compare the detection rate and diagnostic coincidence rate of different examinations for neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. Results The total detection rate and the total diagnostic accuracy of CT examination on neonatal
5、 intracranial hemorrhage were 88.76% and 85.39%, respectively, and the ultrasonic examination were 88.76% and 85.39%, respectively. There was no significant difference between them(P 0.05). The detection rate of subependymal hemorrhage by ultrasound was significantly higher than that by CT(100.00%vs
6、87.09%), and the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of intraventricular hemorrhage by ultrasound were both 100%, significantly higher than that by CT(72.22%, 66.66%)(P 0.05). The detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of CT in subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage lesions were significantly highe
7、r than that of ultrasound(P 0.05). In ultrasound examination, the intracranial hemorrhage foci of newborn mainly showed strong echo, and some patients may have varying degrees of ventricular widening and displacement of brain line structure. Most of the hemorrhage foci in CT scan showed high density
8、 shadow. The dense thickening of cerebellar tentorium and crescent-shaped high density area appeared in subdural hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage foci in a few patients have the triangle sign of the sagittal sinus. Conclusion Both ultrasound and CT can effectively detect and correctly diagnose ne
9、onatal intracranial hemorrhage. Ultrasound has obvious advantages in displaying intraventricular and subventricular hemorrhage lesions. CT is superior to ultrasound in detecting subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage lesions. Keyword: Ultrasound; Computed Tomography(CT); Diagnosis; Neonatal Intracrani
10、al Hemorrhage; Clinical Value; 新生儿颅内出血是临床中较为少见的疾病,新生儿颅内出血的发生与围产期新生儿窒息、缺氧、阴道挤伤、早产或机械通气不当有关,一旦诊治不及时,可严重危及患者生命安全,存活者可出现脑积水、偏瘫或智力障碍等严重后遗症,明确全段对保障新生儿的预后具有重要意义1,2。当前临床中影像学检查是诊断并检出新生儿颅内出血的主要手段之一,主要包括CT和超声检查。超声检查方式便捷快速,可灵敏观察患者颅内病情,CT检查成像时间短,可在立体显示颅内病灶,在突出了出血病灶大小、形态及详细位置中发挥着着重要作3,4用。为进一步讨论超声和CT在诊断新生儿颅内出血中的临床
11、价值,本研究收集了61例新生儿颅内出血患者的临床资料、影像学资料进行相关研究,旨在为临床诊断新生儿颅内出血提供相关资料,现报道内容如下。 1 、资料与方式方法 1.1、 一般资料 选取我院2021年1月2021年12月收治的61例新生儿颅内出血患者作为研究对象。61例患者中,男性患者32例,女性患者29例;年龄128岁,平均(7.21 2.42)天;足月儿43例,早产儿18例。患者临床表现为为兴奋、反响差、肌张力不同程度下降、生理反响减弱或消失、嗜睡等。 1.2、 纳入标准 (1)影像学资料、临床资料完好无丢失者;(2)未合并其他恶性肿瘤者;(3)超声、多层螺旋CT检查前内未进行相关治疗者。
12、1.3、 排除标准 (1)CT检查禁忌症者;(2)未经临床确诊为颅内出血者;(3)年龄 28天者。 1.4、 检查方式方法 1.4.1、 多层螺旋CT检查: 检查前30min给予10%的水合氯醛50100mg/kg,方式:口服或灌肠,待患儿入睡时进行开场进行扫描。采用西门子EMOTION 64排螺旋CT,患者采取仰卧位,头先入床,操作者将患者头摆正,下巴部位稍低,扫描线以听眦线平行。扫描范围:自听眦线向上连续扫描。设置参数:管电压130kv,管电流150mA/s,层厚5mm,螺距1mm,矩阵:512 512。扫描完毕后将CT原始图像进行薄层重建。测量患者颅内出血情况。 1.4.2、 超声检查:
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