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1、应用抽样技术答案第二章2.1判定题:1错;2错;3对;4错;5错;6错;7错;8错;9对;10对;11错;12错;13错。2.3选择题:1b;2b;3d;4c;5c。2.71抽样分布:2期望为5,方差为4/33抽样标准误=4/3=1.1554抽样极限误差=1.96*1.155=2.2635置信区间=(5.67-2.263,5.67+2.263)=3.407,7.933。若区间两端只考虑抽样分布的可能性取值,则可得该抽样分布作为离散分布的置信区间为3,7第三章3.1判定题能否为等概率抽样:1是;2否;3是;4否。3.215.51=iYNY25.6)(122=-=YYNi33.8)(1122=-=
2、YYNSi2样本:2,52,62,95,65,9(6,9)()()5.55.775.55.545.361=+=yE()=+=33.8)5.485.05.2485.4(612sE3.3(1)1682=iy1182662=iy03276.0301750/3011=-=-nf760.5630/1682=y127.8261302067.503011826611)(11212212=-?-=?-=-=ynynyynsniinii()07.27271.82603276.012=?=-=snfyv()203.5)(=yvyse198.10203.596.1)(=?=?=?yset95%置信度下置信区间为56
3、.067-10.198,56.067+10.198=45.869,66.265.因而,对该校学生某月的人均购书支出额的估计为56.07元,由于置信度95%对应的96.1=t,所以,能够以95%的把握讲该学生该月的人均购书支出额大约在45.8766.27元之间。(2)易知N=1750,n=30,n1=8,t=1.96267.03081=nnp03389.01301750/30111=-=-nf1957.0)267.01(267.0)1(=-?=-=pppq08144.0957.003389.01)1()(=?=-=npqfpv0167.0302121=?=nP的95%的置信区间为:()4433.
4、0,0907.0(0167.008114.096.1267.0211)1(=+?=?+-nnpqftp则1N的估计值为46725.467?1=NpN,其95%的置信区间为:)776,159()4433.0,0907.0(1750=?(3)64.1054267.01.0)267.01(96.122220=?-?=pqtn可得最少的样本量:6592948.6581750164.1054100=-=-=Nnn。3.4(1)000020=N70=n61=n01449.017011111=-=-nnf该地区拥有私人汽车的比例估计:086.07061=nnp914.0086.011=-=-=pq0786.
5、0914.0086.0=?=pq因此比例估计的标准差:0338.0914.0086.001449.01)1()(=?=-=npqfpse(2)t=1.96%5=?12179.12005.00786.096.122220=?=?=pqtn由于N很大,最少的样本量1211000-=nNnn。3.5已知08.01=P92.01=Q05.02=P95.02=Q205.0=V05.0=CV要得到一样的标准差0.05,则所需的样本量由)(0PVPQn=得:3044.2905.092.008.0210=?=n1905.095.005.022=?=n要得到一样的变异系数0.05,则所需的样本量由PPCVQn)
6、(20=得:460008.005.092.0210=?=n760005.005.095.022=?=n。第四章4.3(1)根据题中所给的数据,能够得到下面相关结果购买彩票的平均支出:元2621.2131=hhhstyWy方差估计量:3104.11)1()(2312-=hhhhhstnsfWyv标准差:3631.33104.11)()(=ststyvyse(2)t=1.96%10=1768.196.12621.211.022=?=?=tYV1395.348231=hhhsW按比例分配时:84.2951768.11395.3482310=VsWnhhh所需样本量为22005.21984484.29
7、5184.295100=+=+=Nnnn各层样本量;674431.662203033.011=?=nWn1090083.1092204976.022=?=nWn446033.432201991.033=?=nWn按尼曼分配时:9470.294.40000.303311=?=sW6550.8302.50000.497622=?=sW7995.5848.88890.199133=?=sW4016.177995.56550.89470.231=+=hhhsW所需样本量为19154.190844/1395.3481768.14016.17/)()(222=+=+=NsWVsWnhhhh各层样本量;32
8、2680.324016.179470.2191111=?=hhsWsWnn957672.944016.176550.8191222=?=hhsWsWnn645010.634016.177995.5191333=?=hhsWsWnn4.4pst=p?W?=0.924vpst=W?2(1?f?)p?q?n?10.000397v(pst)0.019924(2)当按比例分配时,v=?t2=0.000026n0=W?p?q?2662n=n01+n0N=2658n?=nW?n1478n2558n3373n4239n5425n6585按尼曼分配时n=W?p?q?2V+W?p?q?N2561n?=WpqW?p
9、?q?n1536n2519n3416n4303n5396n63914.5依题意,可算得样本量n=200,并有如下表数据故可得平均支出的分层估计:79.75=hhyWy其方差估计:46.5920007.118921)(2=hhsWnyv标准差:71.74604.59)()(=yvyse95%的置信区间为:)91.90,68.60()71.796.179.75(=?。4.65.0,3.0,2.0321=WWW4.0,2.0,1.0321=PPP28.0=hhPWP样本量为100的简单随机抽样估计方差:002016.011112=-=PQnPQNNnSnfV按比例分配分层抽样的样本量为:26.920
10、02016.0186.0002016.012.0048.0018.00=+=VQPWnhhh930nn4.6另解已知W1=0.2,W2=0.3,W3=0.5,P1=0.1,P2=0.2,P3=0.4P=hWhPh=0.28,Q=1P=0.72n=100的简单随机抽样估计方差:V(Psrs)(1f)/100PQ0.28*0.72/100=0.002016按比例分配的分层抽样的估计方差:V(Pprop)hWh2(1fh)/nhPhQhn-1hWhPhQh=n-10.2*0.1*0.9+0.3*0.2*0.8+0.5*0.4*0.6=0.186n-1故n92.26934.8(1)由题设,100=n3
11、1=n所以,对于过失率的简单估计:03.010031=nnp97.01=-=pq0291.097.003.0=?=pq因此上述估计的标准差:0171.011000291.011)1()(=-=-=npqnpqfpse(2)由题设取层权,3.0,7.0=BAWW每层的过失率估计分别为:03509.0572,02326.043111=BBBAAAnnpnnp过失率的事后分层估计:0268.0=+=BBAApstpWpWp02326.012=-=AAAAAqpnns03446.012=-=BBBBBqpnns方差:000269.0)1()1(1)(1)(22222=-+-+-=BBAABBAApst
12、sWsWnsWsWnfpv标准误:0164.0000269.0)()(=pstpstpvpse第五章5.1记总产量为Y,总播种面积为XX=77000N=200n=10095.010200/1011=-=-nf2.142=iyy2706=ixx22.14=y6.270=x22.23072=iy8183282=ix6.43330=iiyx6818.31)(11222=-=ynynsiy93.9564)(11222=-=xnxnsix0311.539)(11=-=xynxynsiixy故有05255.027062.142?=xyR总产量的比率估计:34.40467700005255.0?=?=XRY
13、R其方差:173.5484)?2?()1(1)?()1()?(222222=-+-=-=yxxyiiRsRsRsnfNnxRynfNYv总产量的简单估计:284422.14200?=?=yNYsrs8.120390)1(1)()1()?(2222=-=-=yisrssnfNnyynfNYv比率估计的方差较小,因而效果较好。5.3当YXCC2时,用第二种方法,即用xy进行估计;当YXCC2=时,两种方法都可使用。()22211YCnfSnfyVYY-=-=222211YYCRnfSXnfXyV-=-=?)2(1)?(222XYXYCCCCRnfRVxyV-+-=?当YXCC2时,0)2(12-=
14、?-?XYXCCCRnfxyXyV当YXCC2=时,0)2(12=-=?-?XYXCCCRnfxyXyV5.4YXYXYXYXYRsrsRCCCCSSSRSRSyVyVYVYV212)()()?()?(22222-?+=-+=由题设,9915.0063.1/054.1/=yxcc6029.09915.0696.029915.0121)?()?(22=?-+=-?+=YXYXsrsRccrccYvYv所以与简单估计量比,比率估计量的精度提高了1-0.6029=39.71%.5.6记总产量为Y,总播种面积为XX=460N=140n=1009286.010140/1011=-=-nf12600=iy
15、y7.29=ixx1260=y97.2=x111.1949112=ys3468.12=xs111.499=xys易得总产量的简单估计:176400112140?=?=yNYsrs斤()5.188345321.13414089.18098140)?(=?=?=yvNYsesrs比率估计2424.4247.2912600?=xyR5.1951514607.2912600?=?=XxyXRYR斤725149053.7)?2?()1()?(2222=-+-=yxxyRsRsRsnfNYv()88.5014?)?(=RRYvYse回归估计370.603468.1111.4992=xyxssb004.1377)140/46097.2(60.3701260)(=-?-=-=Xxbyylr5.192780004.1377140?=?=lrlryNY斤614.0381)()()2()1()(12=-=niiilrxxbyynnfyv2275.32614.0381)()()2()1()()(12=-=niiilrlrxxbyynnfyvyse86.45112275.32140)()?(=?=?=lrlryseNYse比照三种估计方法,回归估计具有最高的精度。()89.18098111.19491109286.012=?=-=ysnfyv
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