福建省部分名校2020-2021学年上学期高二英语期中试题精选汇编：阅读理解专题（部分含解析）.doc

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1、福建省部分名校2020-2021学年上学期高二英语期中试题精选汇编阅读理解专题福建省师范大学附属中学2020_2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题第一节 (共12小题; 每小题2分, 共24分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHave you ever wondered how many cigarettes youre passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused(烟雾笼罩的)city?No?Well, a p

2、air of digital developers just invented an app that will definitely and accurately answer that question.Shit, I Smoke! was created by Brazilian-born designer Marcelo Coelho and Paris-born app developer Amaury Martiny in just a week, after they read a study that analyzed air pollution and its equival

3、ent(等量)to cigarette smoking. The article, co-written by Richard Mueller, a MacArthur fellow and physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, explains a mathematical model that compares smoking and tobacco-related deaths to levels of PM2.5, a microscopic particle(微粒)that is a dangerou

4、s, cancerous pollutant after burning.The app shows that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day, while a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes-without even touching one-on a bad day. Other cities have worrying numbers, too (6. 5 cigarettes daily i

5、n Mexico City ).“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America,despite the fact that these are heavily populated cities,”said Coelho, whos originally from the latter, Brazils largest city.For both Coelho and Martiny, the app isnt only a useful

6、tool to inform users about their citys air quality;it also makes this information more accessible and easier to understand. “These air-quality monitoring stations are just numbers, numbers that are very specific to professionals who work in environmental issues,” Martiny said. “So when you make this

7、 conversion(转换)to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences air quality has in the daily lives.”The developers plan now is to keep working on and enriching the apps features. This will most likely include monthly average cigarette rates, and enabl

8、ing users to get data from cities other than the one theyre in.1. What does the underlined part “that question” mean?A. How severely a citys air is polluted.B. How harmful it is to smoke in urban areas.C. How many cigarettes one usually smokes daily.D. How much harmful air youre taking in in urban a

9、reas.2. According to Shit, I Smoke!, which city has the worst air quality?A. ParisB. Delhi.C. Mexico City.D. Sao Paulo.3. Before Coelho used the app, he probably thought that_.A. Brazil might have good airB. his hometown was a badly polluted cityC. air pollution wasnt a problem in Latin America.D. B

10、uenos Aires had the best air quality in Latin America4. In the opinion of Coelho and Martiny, what is the usage of the app?A. Encouraging people to abandon the habit of smoking.B. Recommending some best places for people to live in.C. Helping people better know their everyday air quality.D. Remindin

11、g people to do something good for the environment.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C【解析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了一种APP，能够将空气污染程度转换成等于吸了多少支烟，从而让人们更容易了解空气质量。【1题详解】词句猜测题。根据上下文可知，that question指代上文“how many cigarettes youre passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused city? ”，因此可知 that questio

12、n 指的是在污染严重的城市里，你被动地吸入了相当于多少支烟的有害气体。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。第三段中提到 “that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes Other cities 6. 5 cigarettes daily in Mexico City ”。根据APP显示的数据，巴黎人一天等同于吸3.6支烟，新德里的人最糟糕的时候一天可能会等同于吸多达20

13、支烟，墨西哥人一天等同于吸6.5支烟；再根据下文“ Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America”可知，圣保罗的空气质量非常好。比较四个城市的数据，可以看出新德里的空气污染情况最严重。 故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段来自巴西最大的城市圣保罗的Coelho 所说的话“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America, despite the fact that t

14、hese are heavily populated cities（我惊讶地看到，布宜诺斯艾利斯和圣保罗的空气质量在整个拉丁美洲都是最好的，尽管这些都是人口稠密的城市）”可知，在使用APP之后，他发现圣保罗空气质量是最好的，也就是说在使用APP之前，他觉得他的家乡圣保罗的空气质量很差，污染严重。故选B项。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“when you make this conversion to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences a

15、ir quality has in the daily lives（当转换为你吸多少支香烟时，就更容易让人们懂得他们在应对的是什么以及空气质量在日常生活中的影响）”可知，APP将空气污染程度转换成抽多少支烟这样具体的数字，更容易让人们了解空气质量如何。故选C项。BOnce I told someone I wanted to get a masters degree of fine arts in creative writing and they told me it was the second-to-worst post-graduation plan theyd ever heard

16、from a student.Arts degrees especially fine arts degrees, which usually come in the form of music, studio art, creative writing and theater have been, over the years, labeled (称为) useless.Its true that for the most part, STEM degrees give rise to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees

17、, and its understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security.Student loan debt is playing a role in the physical and mental stress of young people.And while STEM majors usually have starting salaries that are $20,000 higher than those of liberal arts majors, b

18、y the time people reach the age of 40, the salaries between those who majored in the liberal arts and those who majored in STEM are virtually the same.For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23-25, but only 10% more by ages 38-40, a

19、New York Times analysis reported.So even in terms of salary, which doesnt solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees arent all that far behind STEM.It seems too that since people nowadays are going to have to work longer, its more important than ever that we actually li

20、ke and care about what were doing.Pursuing (追求) something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy.In other words, not useless.And just because someones primary job isnt in their field of st

21、udy a writer who teaches high school for example doesnt make the degree useless.It just means that their way of finding a stable income is different.The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves.They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their a

22、rtistry.It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.So I am going to graduate school, and I am going to graduate school for writing.I might be paying rent by way of overnight restaurant shifts theres so much Im not sure of.But one thing I am sure of is this I would rather be a writer working tw

23、o jobs to pay my bills than be no writer at all.5. A New York Times analysis report is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to _.A. analyse the value of different majorsB. prove the argument against arts wrongC. raise the opinion on majors by exampleD. present the link between majors and incomes6. Why does the

24、author think learning arts is useful?A. Following art dreams keeps one in good condition.B. Doing what one loves builds up ones confidence.C. Arts improves ones understanding of different jobs.D. A love for arts helps one maintain passion for work.7. The author thinks that doing multiple jobs is _.A

25、. unavoidableB. commonC. acceptableD. traditional8. What can we infer from the passage?A. Arts students concern more about the value of life.B. The man not loving his work wont stick with a job.C. Income often comes first when people choose majors.D. Graduates in arts can find possible development.【

26、答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。艺术学位多年来一直被贴上无用的标签，作者通过收入和身心健康等方面，驳斥了这个观点。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23-25, but only 10% more by ages 38-40, a New York Times analysis reported.So even in terms of salar

27、y, which doesnt solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees arent all that far behind STEM.(例如，纽约时报的一篇分析报告称，主修STEM的女性在23-25岁的时候比社会科学和历史专业的学生多挣近50%，但在38-40岁的时候只多挣10%。所以，即使是在薪水方面，也不完全决定学位是否有用，文科学位也并不落后于STEM。)”可知，根据纽约时报的分析报告，主修文科的女性与主修STEM的女性的收入水平随着年龄的增长，趋于接近，文科学位并不落后于STEM。

28、结合上文，作者意在用数据驳斥一些人认为学艺术专业无用的观点。因此，第3段中提到纽约时报的分析报告是为了B项：“prove the argument against arts wrong between majors and incomes (从专业和收入的角度证明反对艺术专业是错误的)”符合题意。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion,is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, m

29、ental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.(追求愉快的东西，或者激情，一直被发现是保持健康关系、心理健康、身体健康和精力的关键因素。换句话说，不是没用的)”可知，作者认为，学习艺术，追求自己喜欢的东西，是人的身心健康的关键因素。因此，作者认为学习艺术是有用的是因为A 项“Following art dreams keeps one in good condition.(追随艺术梦想可以让人保持良好的状态)”符合题意。故选A 项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“The same goes for

30、 artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves.They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry.It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.(同样的情况也适用于那些需要多份工作来支持自己的艺术家。他们可能需要找到其他的方式来支持自己的艺术，可能是拷贝编辑，也可能是家庭教师)”可知，艺术家们不一定非要一直做着艺术方面的工作，而是他们完全可知做其他的职业来支持

31、自己的艺术，这二者是不冲突的。因此，作者认为做多种工作是C 项“acceptable (可接受的)”符合题意。故选C项。【8题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Its true that for the most part, STEM degrees give rise to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and its understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security. (诚

32、然，在大多数情况下，STEM学位比文科和美术学位带来的工作报酬更高，年轻人为什么关心更高的起薪和经济保障也是可以理解的)”可知，年轻人找工作的时候，更关心的是高的薪水和经济保障。因此，我们能从这篇文章中推断出C项“Income often comes first when people choose majors.(当人们选择专业时，收入往往是第一位的)”符合题意。故选C项。CAlthough it has been shown in recent years that plants can see, hear and smell, they are still usually thought

33、 of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic (超声的) cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel foun

34、d that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by not having enough water or when their stem is cut.Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mam

35、mals would be able to hear and respond to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate (推断).On average, drought-str

36、essed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.Enabling farmers to listen for water-stre

37、ssed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in pre

38、cision agriculture seems feasible (可行的) if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not ca

39、use sounds. Besides, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea is still based on guesses for now, she says.9. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that_.A. humans can hear water-hung

40、ry plants crying clearlyB. plant sounds can be heard by plants quite far awayC. tomato plants cry more often than tobacco when hurtD. moths like laying eggs on stressed plants10. What is Anne Visschers attitude towards the finding of the experiment?A. Cautious.B. Disappointed.C. Appreciative.D. Opti

41、mistic.11. Taking advantage of the new research finding, farmers can_.A. harvest crops in timeB. reduce greenhouse effectsC. detect and remove insects easilyD. identify plant condition faster12. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Plants Get Stressed Just Like UsB. Soun

42、ds of Plants Detected Far AwayC. Plants Scream in the Presence of StressD. Cries of Plants Break Farmers Hearts【答案】9. C 10. A 11. D 12. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。尽管近年来已经证明植物可以看到、听到和闻到气味，但它们通常仍然被认为是无声的。文章介绍了最新的研究发现，西红柿和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割时发出人类听不到的频率的叫声。植物甚至可以听到其他植物缺水的声音，并做出相应的反应。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“When plant stems we

43、re cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15.（当植物的茎被切断后，番茄植株在接下来的一小时里平均发出25种声音，烟草植株平均发出15种声音。）”可知，番茄受到伤害时比烟发出更多的声音。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Besides, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the

44、 sounds the plants make, so that idea is still based on guesses for now, she says.（此外，还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到植物发出的声音并作出反应，所以目前这个想法仍是基于猜测，她说。） ”可知，她（Anne Visscher ）认为目前的研究只是基于猜测，没有完全被证实。由此推知，她对此实验的研究结果是谨慎的。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new dire

45、ction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest.（这组科学家认为，让农民能够听到缺水植物的声音可能在精准农业领域开辟一个新的方向。”可知，利用这项新的研究发现，农民可以更快的确定植物状况。故选D。【12题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍植物可以看到，听到，闻到气味，紧接着详细介绍了新的研究发现，植物可以听到声音，文章以番茄和烟草为例，介绍了植物在缺水或茎被切断的情况下发出的叫声频率，植物在受到压力时会发出声音。结合文章主要内容和选项可知，C项“植物在压力面前会尖叫”可为本文的最佳标题。故选C。福建省福州第一中

46、学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题. 阅读理解 (2X15=30)ATransport GuideThe Brisbane City Council（BCC）is responsible for bus and ferry services with in the city limits and suburbsMost buses will either arrive at the city or an interchange where connecting buses can be caughtBCC buses operate from 5：30 am to 11：00 pm

47、 Monday to Thursday and 5：30 am t0 12：00 am on Fridays .On weekends and public holidays buses operate less frequently Prepaid bus tickets can be purchased from the QUT （Queensland University of Technology）bookshop，the campus newsagencymost other newsagencies and general stores，and any BCC Customer S

48、ervice CentreShort-term students at QUT cannot use their ID cards to gain a discount fare on BCC public transportYou will need to buy an adult ticket to travelBus fares are dependent on the number of zones you have to travelThere are several types of tickets：Single：one way ticket to reach your destination，including transfers within 2 hoursDaily: unlimited travel within the zonesOff-peak Daily：discounted unlimited travel between 9：00 am and 3：30 pm and after 7：00 pmMonday to Friday, and all day on weekends and public