高考英语3500词汇表达 阅读训练 (DAY 13)含答案解析.doc

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1、2022高考英语3500词汇表达+阅读训练（DAY 13）目录内容Section A高频词汇讲解以及短语表达Section B阅读理解强化训练Section C七选五综合练习Section A高频词汇讲解以及短语表达1. swift n.雨燕 adj. 迅速的；立刻的 adv. 迅速地词语辨析：hasty 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动，着重缺乏深思熟虑。quick 特指瞬时动作，强调动作敏捷迅速；也指匆忙的行为，而不暗示速度很。prompt 主要指动作迅速，毫不拖延，含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。fast 常指人或物持续地高速运动，强调运动的方式。instant 指某事很快发生或急待解决，含刻不容缓

2、之意。rapid 比fast和quick正式，常指运动本身，侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的，也可能是持续的。speedy 指人或物或其运动、活动时，着重极度的快捷，多含匆忙意味。swift 正式用词，强调非常迅速，往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。2. stand for 代表；支持；象征；担任的候选人3. basis n. 基础；底部；主要成分；基本原则、规律、原理常用短语：on the basis of 根据；基于basis for 以作基础；为打基础词语辨析：这组词都有“基础”的意思，其区别是basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某

3、种决定、论点或关系的基础，也可指某种原因的基础。base 侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。foundation 用于具体意义时，侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。4. motto n. 座右铭，格言；箴言5. homeland n. 祖国；故6. deserve vt. /vt. 应受； 应得； 值得常用短语：deserve punishment 受到惩罚deserve to be mentioned 值得一提deserve ill of 应受惩罚,有罪于deserve to do 值得去做deserve of. 值得d

4、eserve a corner 应受罚7. glory n. 光荣，荣誉 vi. 自豪，骄傲；狂喜常用短语：in ones glory 得意；踌躇满志；在某人的鼎盛时期glory in 自豪；得意eternal glory 永恒的荣耀morning glory 牵牛花；昙花一现的人或物vain glory 虚荣8. nowadays adv. 现今；时下 n. 当今10. ancient adj. 古代的；古老的，过时的 n. 古代人；老人11. slave n. 奴隶；从动装置 vi. 苦干；拼命工作12. competitor n. 竞争者，对手词语辨析：这组词都有“对手，敌手”的意思，区

5、别是enemy 多指充满敌意的仇敌opponent 最常用词，通常指在争论、辩论、竞选或竞赛以及其它各种矛盾冲突中站在对立面的“对手”或“敌手”rival 指与某人目标一致而想赶上或超过他的人，匹敌者foe 语气较强，多用于书面文字和诗歌中。指不仅敌对，而且很危险，怀有很深的敌意competitor 指为同一目标或目的竞争者，一般无感情色彩13. hopeless adj. 绝望的；不可救药的14. athlete n. 运动员；身强力壮的人15. pain n. 疼痛；努力 vt. 使痛苦；使烦恼 vi. 感到疼痛；引起疼痛常用短语：take pains to do sth. 尽心竭力做某事

6、at pains to do sth.（尤指为避免困境而）迫切想要做pain sb. 使某人痛苦；使苦恼16. take part in 参加，参与词语辨析：这组词都有“参加，加入”的意思，区别是：take part in 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。participate 正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。join 普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等Section B阅读理解强化训练Passage 1What do you usually do when a flying

7、insect lands on your arm? Most likely you blow it away.But what if that bug were a ladybug (瓢虫)? Then chances are you would let it stay.What is it about ladybugs that we like?Farmers once thought ladybugs were a good luck sign.A ladybug in the field meant that the crops would be successful and the w

8、eather would be good.The farmers may have been exaggerating (夸大) about what a very small bug can do,but in fact ladybugs do help out with the crops.They eat harmful insects.Actually,it is not the adult ladybug that eats the other insects.Its the ladybug larvae (幼虫).Ladybugs lay their eggs on leaves

9、that are covered with aphids or other insects.When the larvae come out of the eggs,they are very hungry and will eat mites,aphids,mealybugs,green flies,and other crop-destroyers.A single ladybug larva can eat over 1,000 aphids in one day.In the 1800s,ladybugs were brought all the way from Australia

10、to California and set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects.The little red and black “eating machines” completely saved all the trees.Ladybugs go about their daily business without worrying much about anything.Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it give

11、s off something that is dangerous to eat.Ladybugs also protect themselves by playing dead.They fall off leaves and remain very still until their enemy goes away.So next time you see a ladybug,think about what it may be up to.Maybe it is off to save an orange tree.Maybe its next move will be to fall

12、off a leaf and play dead or stand up to a bird about 100 times its size.Maybe its letting you know that the weather will be good tomorrow.Who knows? Ladybugs are special that way.1.What do we know about mites and aphids?A.They do harm to the crops.B.They eat more than they should.C.They are food for

13、 adult ladybugs.D.They are the enemy of ladybug larvae.2.Why were ladybugs brought from Australia to California in the 1800s?A.To save orange trees.B.To do research on them.C.To increase their number.D.To report the weather for farmers.3.What does the underlined part “stand up to” in the last paragr

14、aph probably mean?A.Play with. B.Worry about.C.Get along with. D.Fight back against.Passage 2Andrew Feldman is a student at Lawrence Woodmere Academy (LWA) in Woodmere,New York.On June 25,he took home the top prize at the National High School Musical Theatre Awards (全美高中生音乐剧奖) at Broadways Minskoff

15、Theatre.Also known as the Jimmy Awards,the awards were named to remember James M.Nederlander,a theater owner and Broadway producer who died in 2016.Feldman won the award for Best Performance by an Actor for playing Frank Abagnale Jr.in LWAs production of “Catch Me If You Can”.He and Rene Rapp each r

16、eceived a $10,000 scholarship.Rapp from Charlotte,North Carolina,is the winner of the Best Performance by an Actress award.The other remaining seventy-eight finalists received $3,000 scholarships.The finalists received a week of training at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts (TSOA) bef

17、ore the awards event.Instructors from Broadway taught them basic skills of performing arts.Feldman also won the Carnegie Mellon Pre-College Scholarship.Carnegie Mellon University,based in Pittsburgh,was founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie.Feldman received an additional $7,500 to attend the university

18、s six-week summer play program.He has been a Broadway lover since seeing “Beauty and the Beast” when he was young.And then he performed in his first play,a production of “Annie”,at eight.The shock of winning has still not disappeared.“Winning the Jimmy Award is not something I even imagined,” Feldma

19、n said.“I didnt think it could actually happen! Its now been about a week and a half and I still dont believe it.”In 2014,Feldman created a theater company called Zneefrock Productions.The company is run totally by teens.It was set up to raise money for NEXT for Autism,an organization helping to sup

20、port autism programs.1.What did Feldman do during the week before June 25?A.He performed at the Minskoff Theatre.B.He visited Carnegie Mellon University.C.He traveled around Pittsburgh.D.He received training at TSOA.2.What did Feldman say about winning the prize?A.He was certain of it.B.He was not e

21、xpecting it.C.It took him a lot of effort.D.It was not a great achievement.3.Why did Feldman create Zneefrock Productions?A.To support an organization.B.To raise money for a theater.C.To help teenage Broadway lovers.D.To remember a Broadway producer.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A group of Broad

22、way lovers.B.A theater company run by teens.C.The winner of the Jimmy Awards.D.The influence of the Jimmy Awards.Section C七选五综合练习Passage 3It could happen anywhere at any time.1 Most people,at one time or another,have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindness.In a sometimes cold world whe

23、re people can be so focused on what theyre doing,a random act of kindness can make all the difference.They can be relatively insignificant.Hannah Bailey from London,for example,told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free.The seller did her a kindness wh

24、en it appeared she didnt have any change to pay.2The city of Naples has long had a tradition called “caff sospeso”.When buying coffee,a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one,leaving the second one anonymously(匿名),out of the goodness of their heart,for a poor p

25、erson to claim for free.3However,in some cases,these little acts can be a matter of life and death.Take,for example,the unnamed commuter,who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto,Canada.A quick-thinking,but even now unknown,bystander selflessly leapt down

26、 to pull him to safety.So,why do it?4 The people never meet again.According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation,acts like these can “give our lives new purpose,show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel content.”5 Hold open a door for someone,deliver a complimenteven

27、 give up your seat on a bus.Help someone who is in need.It takes all kinds.It neednt be anything huge.One day,whether you need it or not,someone might help you in your hour of need.A.So give it a try.B.Be brave to face challenges.C.Often,the acts arent paid back.D.She was happy about it all day.E.Sh

28、e was in low spirits the whole day.F.This tradition is now more common worldwide.G.Its often unexpected,but almost never unappreciated.参考答案Passage 11.A由第三段中的“they are very hungry and will eat mites,aphids,mealybugs,green flies,and other crop-destroyers”可知,这些都是对庄稼有害的虫子。2.A由第四段中的“ladybugs were brought

29、.set free among orange trees that were dying from being eaten by insects”可知,19世纪瓢虫被从澳大利亚引进到美国加利福尼亚州是为了挽救被害虫侵害的橘子树。3.D由倒数第二段中的“Very few birds or insects will eat a ladybug because it gives off something that is dangerous to eat.”可知,很少有鸟或昆虫吃瓢虫。再由画线部分后的“a bird about 100 times its size”可知,当遇见比它大的鸟时,瓢虫会释

30、放某种物质从而对鸟造成威胁。故此处的stand up to有“回击,抵御”之意。Passage 21.D由第四段中的“The finalists received a week of training.(TSOA) before the awards event.”可推断,在颁奖仪式之前,Feldman和其他决赛选手一起在帝势艺术学院接受了一周的培训。2.B由倒数第二段中的“Winning the Jimmy Award is not something I even imagined”可知,Feldman并没有想到自己会获得吉米奖。3.A由最后一段可知,Feldman创办公司是为了在资金上支

31、持某慈善组织。4.C通读全文可知,本文报道了2018年全美高中生音乐剧奖获得者Andrew Feldman。Passage 31.G根据空前“It could happen anywhere at any time.”(它可以发生在任何时间任何地点)可推知这是不可预测的,故可对应到G选项中的“unexpected”,即它通常不可预测,故选G项。2.D根据空前“The seller did her a kindness when it appeared she didnt have any change to pay.”可知,当发现她没有零钱可付时,卖家帮了她一个忙。故选D项“她为这件事开心了一

32、整天”,前后句连贯通顺。3.F本段讲述的是那不勒斯市有一个悠久的传统。下文为描述这一传统给出例子,该空位于段尾起总结作用。由段首句中“tradition”可知F项(这一传统现在在世界范围内更为普遍)符合语境。4.C由空后“The people never meet again.”可知,这些人再也不会遇见,由此推断这种行为是得不到回报的,故C项(通常,这种行为是不会被回报的)符合语境。5.A空后“Hold open a door for someone,deliver a complimenteven give up your seat on a bus.Help someone who is in need.”列出一些具体的善举行为,由此可知本空应是提出建议“试一试吧”,故选A项。