黑龙江部分名校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题精选汇编：阅读理解专题（含解析）.docx

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1、黑龙江部分名校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题精选汇编阅读理解专题（含解析）黑龙江佳木斯市第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题III. 阅读理解（共两部分，满分40分）第一部分:（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读短文，从每题所给四个选项（ABCD）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do y

2、ou think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services fo

3、r people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful ef

4、fects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator and, in 1981, the fi

5、rst woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison

6、. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.11. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts

7、 to win a prize.D. Her community background.12. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.13. Who made a great contribution to the ci

8、vil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor.D. Rosa Parks.14. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。

9、文章主要介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性：Jane Addams，Rachel Carson，Sandra Day OConnor以及Rosa Parks。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据Jane Addams(1860-1935)部分的“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. (任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams) ”可知，Jane Addams在历史上主要以她的社会工作而出名。故选A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor (1

10、930-present)部分中“When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.( 1952年，Sandra Day Oconnor在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业，她在一家律师事务所找不到工作，因为她是女性)”可知，Sandra Day OConnor被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks

11、 (1913-2005)部分中“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.(它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动)”可知，因为在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献，故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性)”；第三段中

12、“Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.(她在1962年出版的畅销书寂静的春天唤起了人们对污染的危险以及化学品对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的有害影响的关注)”；第四段中“She became an Arizona state senator and, in 1981, the first woman to join

13、the U. S. Supreme Court.(她成为亚利桑那州参议员，并在1981年成为第一位加入美国最高法院的女性)”以及第五段中“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.(它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动)”由此可推断四位女性都是历史上的先驱。故选C。BFirst aircraft carrying medical supplies from China arrives in U.SAn aircraft carrying personal protective equipment

14、 donated by China, along with U.S.-purchased medical supplies, arrived in New York on March 29.The plane is the first in a series of flights over the next 30 days organized by the White House to help fight the coronavirus, the White House said. Most of the purchases are from Asia including Malaysia

15、and Vietnam. The Chinese Embassy in the U.S. retweeted (转发) a report from Axios, which said that 12 million gloves, 130,000 N-95 masks, 1.7 million surgical masks, 50,000 gowns, 130,000 hand sanitizer (洗手液) units, and 36,000 thermometers (温度计) from China have arrived in the United States.Along with

16、the goods, Chinese company Huawei donated 10,000 masks, 20,000 articles of protective clothing, 10,000 gloves and 50,000 goggles (护目镜) to New York state.Governor Andrew Cuomo confirmed the donation and thanked Huawei on Twitter. The plane was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It lan

17、ded at John F. Kennedy airport carrying gloves, gowns and masks for distribution (分发) in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, three hard-hit states battling to care for a crush of coronavirus patients.The airlift is a product of a team led by White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, which formed “

18、Project Airbridge,” a partnership between large U.S. healthcare distributors such as Mekesson Corp, Cardinal, Owens & Minor, Medline and Henry Schein Inc, and the federal government.The flight from Shanghai was the first of about 20 flights to arrive between now and early April, according to the Whi

19、te House. Additional flights will carry similar gear from China, Malaysia and Vietnam.15. From the passage we know that_.A. all goods on the plane are donated by ChinaB. all goods on the plane are purchased from ChinaC. all goods on the plane are donated by HuaweiD. some of the goods on the plane ar

20、e from donation while others are purchased from Asia16. Which is not the hard-hit state battling to treat coronavirus patients?A. New York.B. New Jersey.C. California.D. Connecticut.17. Who built “Product Abridge”between large US healthcare distributors and the federal government?A. The federal gove

21、rnment.B. A team led by White House senior adviser Jared Kushner.C. Large US healthcare distributors.D. White House senior adviser Jared Kushner.18. Where do you think this passage is most probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. A collection of stories.C. A guide bookD. An official report.【答案】15. D 16.

22、 C 17. B 18. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国捐赠医疗物资援助美国，帮助美国对抗冠状病毒的情况。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“An aircraft carrying personal protective equipment donated by China, along with U.S.-purchased medical supplies, arrived in New York on March 29.”和第二段关键句“Most of the purchases are from Asia including Malaysia and Vietn

23、am.”可知，一架载有中国捐赠的个人防护装备以及美国购买的医疗用品的飞机于3月29日抵达纽约。大部分购买的医疗用品来自亚洲，包括马来西亚和越南。由此可知，飞机上的货物有些是赠送的，有些是从亚洲购买的。故选D项。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段关键句“It landed at John F. Kennedy airport carrying gloves, gowns and masks for distribution (分发) in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, three hard-hit states battling to care

24、 for a crush of coronavirus patients.”可知，New York（纽约）, New Jersey（新泽西） 和 Connecticut（康涅狄格州）是三个受病毒影响最严重的地方，它们都在努力照顾着大量的冠状病毒患者。这三个重灾区中不包括California（加利福尼亚州），由此可知，加利福尼亚州不是治疗冠状病毒患者的重灾区。故选C项。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容“The airlift is a product of a team led by White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, which fo

25、rmed “Project Airbridge,” a partnership between large U.S. healthcare distributors such as Mekesson Corp, Cardinal, Owens & Minor, Medline and Henry Schein Inc, and the federal government.”可知，白宫高级顾问Jared Kushner领导的团队成立了“Project Airbridge”，目的是使美国大型医疗保健分销商与联邦政府结成合作伙伴关系。由此可知，是白宫高级顾问Jared Kushner领导的团队在美

26、国大型医疗保健分销商与联邦政府之间建立了“Project Airbridge”。故选B项。【18题详解】推理判断题。本文主要讲述了中国捐赠医疗物资援助美国，帮助美国对抗冠状病毒的情况。这里涉及的是国与国之间的帮助。根据第五段内容“Governor Andrew Cuomo confirmed the donation and thanked Huawei on Twitter.”可知，文章中还涉及到美国州长对中国华为公司捐赠物资的证实和感谢。由此可推断出，这篇文章应该是一篇官方报告，“An official report”意为“官方报告”。故选D项。CYour colleagues sharp

27、 comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she said” battle. When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-dist

28、ancing”, the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to a research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.But what might

29、 self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is thinking, “I cant believe he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the self-distanci

30、ng, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?”Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people thi

31、nk, feel, and behave. Here are several different techniques you can try.First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful ev

32、ent as challenging rather than threatening. Finally, ask yourself, “How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.19. What is self-distancing?A.

33、Getting stuck in negative emotions.B. A stressful situation.C. A study on relieving emotional stress.D. Reflecting on yourself objectively.20. Paragraph 2 is developed by_.A. exampleB. definitionC. classificationD. process21. Which of the following statement uses the techniques of self-distancing?A.

34、 Im angry with him.B. How I wish I could go back to the past!C. How did these two people get to this point?D. He grabbed my notes, and then, and then.22. What is the best title for the passage?A. Why Self-distancing MattersB. The Application of Self-distancingC. An Approach to Breaking the Cycle of

35、Negative ReflectionD. Ways to Reflect on Emotional Reactions【答案】19. D 20. A 21. C 22. C【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了应对自己的消极情绪时的一种技巧。当我们陷入消极情绪的循环时，我们感觉更糟。如果采用“自我疏远”的技巧，我们会更好地理解自己的反应，经历更少的情感痛苦，表现出更少的压力迹象。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“If so, the answer may lie in a skill called self-distancing, the ability to take a step back a

36、nd view yourself more objectively. (如果是这样的话，答案可能在于一种叫做“自我疏远”的技巧，即后退一步，更客观地审视自己的能力)”可知自我疏远指的是后退一步，更客观地看待自己的能力。故选D。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“But what might self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is t

37、hinking, “I cant believe he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.”(但是，在实际行动中，自我疏离是什么样的呢？想一下一个典型的“他说/她说”的学生冲突，他们每个人都专注于自己的感觉。一个人在想，“我不敢相信他这样对我。另一个则坚持说:“她真的伤害了我的感情。”)”可推知，第二段作者用了上文两个学生争吵及他们如何思考的例子展开的，故选A。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I” . Focus on

38、using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. (此外，要避免使用第一人称“我”。注意使用第三人称代词，他，她，他们，他们能够将压力事件视为挑战而不是威胁)”可知A、B、D中都运用了第一人称，而C项“这两个人是怎么走到今天这一步的？”运用了第三人称，运用了自我疏远的技巧。故选C。【22题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When you reflect on your emotional

39、 reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called self-distancing, the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. (当你反思自己的情绪反应时，你有时会陷入消极情绪的循环，这会让你感觉更糟。如果是这样的话，答案可能在于一种叫做“自我疏远”的技

40、巧，即后退一步，更客观地审视自己的能力)”引出了应对消极情绪循环的自我疏远技巧，下文通过例子介绍了几点可以尝试的技巧。故C选项“打破消极反思循环的方法”最符合文章标题，故选C。DIf you have spent any time reading papers on teaching strategies in the past few years, you have probably noticed a strong backlash against drill & practice, in favor of “constructivist (建构主义的) activities” and “

41、project-based learning”.Memorizing facts, many people argue, is an outdated educational practice, since anyone could just Google a fact on demand or look it up on Wikipedia nowadays. They consider that we should focus all school activities on getting skills as opposed to knowledge.However, learning

42、by rote (memorization by repeating) is more important than you think. There are many cases in which having knowledge immediately on the tip of your tongue can have great social and professional value. For example, last night at a networking event, when I casually asked a Nigerian businessman how muc

43、h of his business was conducted in English compared with that in his native Yoruba, he immediately became more engaged in our conversation. It was as if the simple fact that I knew that Yoruba was spoken in Nigeria won his trust, and therefore built up our relationship. The same goes for professiona

44、l settings. If I am a medical salesman talking to a doctor about a specific digestion drug, and he asks if it has any effect on the process of peristalsis, it will look quite unprofessional if I have to pull out my medical dictionary to look up the word. I need to memorize those facts so that I can

45、access them immediately. Of course, most constructivist educators will argue that on-the-job training and project-based learning are more effective at learning new concepts than rote memorization. The problem is that no single cost-effective constructivist activity will guarantee that you will be ex

46、posed to all the concepts you need, or that you will fully remember the facts that you are exposed to. If you actually want to gain a full range of knowledge about a given topic, the most guaranteed and efficient way is to study on purpose using the time-honored repeating practice specifically confi

47、dence-based repetition.23. What does the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Outdated idea.B. Negative reaction.C. Educational standard.D. Official support.24. Why is the authors communication with a Nigerian businessman mentioned?A. To show the value of knowing about Yoruba.B. To

48、support his argument for learning by rote.C. To introduce effective communication skills.D. To prove the power of having a wide range of knowledge.25. What does the author think about project-based learning?A. It is of limited value in learning new concepts.B. It is an efficient way to learn a new concept.C. It should be combined with a full range of knowledge.D. It will be replaced by the time-honored practice of repetition.【答案】23. B 24. B 25. A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文中作者主要就如今流行的一种强烈的反对练习和实践，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”的教学方式提出了自己的看法。作者认为死记硬背的学习方式仍然重要，同时指出了上述这两种教学方法