高一上学期期末专题复习：快速攻克短文改错（上） 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册.docx

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1、专题课快速攻克短文改错（上）短文改错部分主要考察学生英语知识功底。语言材料的内容一般是来自学生身边，篇章结构的难易程度复合学生的水平，语言明白易懂，基本不涉及生僻语言现象和繁难的语法结构。错误分布一般比较均匀，一行有1-2个错，可能会有某一句没有错误，但一般不会出现多行没有错误的现象。解题注意要点和能力培养：1. 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合1：1：8的比例，即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。2. 因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。3. 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。一、短

2、文改错解题思路和检查原则：1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2. 谓语动词的时态、语态；3. 非谓语动词的用法；4. 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。二、短文改错常见错误：1. 谓语动词的错误谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：时态错用They did not want me to do any work at home； They want me to devote all my time to my studies.

3、did改为doAs we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories.visiting 改为visited主谓不一致One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. was 改为were缺少动词，特别是be动词；There will an important game next month.will后加be 主动语态和被动语态错用He was smiled and told me that he did

4、nt really want to ask the way.was 去掉，这里应该用主动语态 2. 非谓语动词的错误不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时)；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talkingBut his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.go作主语，应改为goingChildren

5、 may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为readingI particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing3. 名词错误名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。Ill get good mar

6、ks in all my subject.subject改为subjectsTheir word were a great encouragement to me. word改为wordsWithout enough knowledges, you can never teach well.knowledges改为knowledge4. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。I have a good friend whos

7、name is Liu Mei. 错用了who的所有格形式，改为whoseI teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为andClever as she is, but she works very hard.as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but5. 冠词错误误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词） We maybe one family and live under a same roof. a 改为the

8、，the same 是固定搭配As everyone knows，its famous mountain with all kinds of pants. mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加aI hope you have pleasant journey.journey是可数名词，故have后加a6. 形容词和副词错误系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel)；词性的误用(形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词)。Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. ti

9、me是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰My pronunciation was terribly.was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.7. 代词错误代词的主格和宾格(I / me；he/him； she/ her； we/ us they/ them )错误；反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。另外代词指代的人物性别错误。One day I wrote a little story and showed to my tea

10、cher.to前加itIf anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. other后加sWhats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. him改为them8. 介词错误词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family. among改为in，in my family 为固定搭配

11、I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.去掉at， the moment 引导从句三、总结要多读多背，增强语感同学们在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。读得多，背得多了，语感自然就会增强，语感好了，做起短文改错来就会得心应手，因为文章中有错误的地方，读起来往往是不通的。总之，学习外语是要下功

12、夫的，要提高短文改错能力也一样在平常的学习中首先要多读多背，增强语感，然后多加训练，在多练的前提下，要勤思考，多总结，这样才能提高学习效率。（答题时间：40分钟）短文改错A假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Yesterday morning I was surpr

13、ising to hear that my friend Allen had been hit by a car and was in hospital. The other day he is going to cross a street. He was very careful and didnt go after he saw traffic lights turn green. But when he got the middle of the street he saw a car suddenly appear on her right-hand side and come di

14、rectly towards him. That was too late for Allen to dodge(躲闪). He was hit by a car and thrown a few meter away. He was sent to hospital immediate and had an operation. When I went to see him last night, he out of danger but still looked pale. B假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、

15、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football

16、fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football

17、with classmates after school. I am a good player now.*C假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Tom,How is everything going recently? That has been a l

18、ong time since we meet in China last time. Having passed the finally exams, I am busy planning a two-weeks trip to the US during this winter holiday. Do you have any suggestions about the choice of America cities? I prefer to big and modern cities. I guess Id better pre-order a hotel. What is the pr

19、ice for single boy like myself?Is it easy to find Chinese food? What is the traffic like, after I travel between cities in the US?Hope to hearing from you. Thank you!Best regards!Li HuaA1. 解析：第一句中的surprising surprised修饰人时, 要用-ed形容词, 意为“感到吃惊的”。2. 解析：第二句中的is was时间状语the other day说明事情发生在过去, 故用一般过去时。3. 解

20、析：第三句中的after before根据句意“他看到绿灯亮之前没穿过马路。”可知用before。4. 解析：第四句中got后加toget to到达, 为固定搭配。5. 解析：第四句中的her his根据前文可知“我”的朋友Allen是男性。6. 解析：第五句中的That It分析句子结构可知真正的主语为后面的不定式, 故采用形式主语it。7. 解析：第六句中的第一个a the特指前面已经提到的汽车, 用定冠词the。8. 解析：第六句中的meter metersmeter为可数名词, a few修饰可数名词复数。9. 解析：第七句中的immediate immediately修饰动词要用副词

21、。10. 解析：在第八句中的he后加was根据并列连词but可知其前面应为完整的句子, 此处是主系表结构, 根据上下文时态和主谓一致, 故加was。B1. interestinginterested 考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣;使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物;与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。2. wherewhen 考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用whe

22、n。故将where改为when。3. football前面加上a 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。4. butand 考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。5. hardlyhard 考查副词。“hard（努力地;费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不;几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。6. surprisingsurprise 考查固定

23、搭配。“to ones + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to onessurprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。7. playerplayers 考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。8. saysaying 考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。9. nowthen 考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放

24、学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now改为then。10. 去掉my 考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。C1. 第二句That改为It 考查代词的用法。句意：自从上次在中国见面已经很长时间了。这里使用了句型：It has been+一段时间+since，所以将That改为It。2. 第二句meet改为met 考查时态。句意：自从我们上次见面以来已经有很长

25、一段时间了。since后面和一般过去式连用，所以将meet改为met。3. 第三句finally改为final 考查形容词。句意：通过最后一次考试后。用形容词final修饰exams，所以将finally改为final。4. 第四句two-weeks改为two-week 考查构词法。句意：我在忙于计划去美国的两星期的旅行。two-week是复合形容词，表示“两星期的”，week不能用复数，所以将two-weeks改为two-week。5. 第五句America改为American 考查形容词。句意：你有去美国城市旅行的建议吗？America“美国”，改成形容词：American “美国的”，所

26、以将America改为American。6. 第六句prefer后to去掉 及物动词的用法。句意：我更喜欢大的现代化的城市。prefer是及物动词，去掉to，所以将 prefer后to去掉。7. 第八句for和single中间加a 考查冠词的用法。句意：像我这么大的男孩的价格是多少？boy是可数名词，前面加不定冠词a，所以将for和single中间加a。8. 第八句myself改为me 考查宾语。句意：像我这么大的男孩的价格是多少？这里用反身代词myself意思不通，改成me，所以将myself改为me。9. 第十句after改为when/if 考查连接词。句意：当/如果我在美国的两个城市之间旅游，交通怎样？所以将after改为when/if。10. 第十一句hearing改为hear 考查不定式的用法。句意：希望收到你的来信。hope to do sth，表示“希望做某事”，所以将hearing改成 hear。