高考英语一轮复习主谓一致详解及巩固练习讲义.docx

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1、高考英语语法精讲：主谓一致详解及巩固练习一、英语主谓一致的三个基本原则在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须保持一致，并且大致遵循以下三个原则:1.就近一致原则即句子的谓语动词同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:Not you but I am to blame. 不是你而是我应该受责。Not only you but also your teacher is supposed to go.不仅你要去，而且你的老师也要去。2.语法一致原则即谓语动词与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词用复数形式。如:The girls are busy p

2、acking.姑娘们在忙着收拾东西。The last few winters have been very cold. 过去几个冬天都很冷。Many a student has seen the film.许多学生看过这部电影。3.意义一致原则即谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的意义，而不是其语法形式。如:People are lying on the beach.人们躺在海滩上。The steel works is closed for the holidays.钢厂因放假关门了。二、备考主谓一致的五个易错点1、误解集合名词的单复数意义英语中的集合名词，有些只表示复数音义，加nolice neo

3、nke cattle 等;有些息表示单数音义，如clothing. noetry bagsage /luggage. Furniture machinery,scenery.jewellery,equipment 等;有些既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其中的个体)，如family,team, classcrowd. government. crew. committee. audience 等。警方正调查事故原因。The police are looking into the cause ofthe accident误:The police is looking into

4、the cause of the accident你在清洗地毯之前得把所有的家具都挪出室外。正:All the fumiture has to be moved out before you clean the rug误:All the fumiture have to be moved out before you clean the rug2、根据字面意义错用主谓一致在有些情况下，从字面上看，好像是单数意，但实际上句子真正的主语是复数。如:这些年轻人每个人都有不同的观点。正:These voung people each have a different point of view误:Th

5、ese young people each has a different point of view.说明:句子真正的主语是 these young people，而不是 each。3、误将主语后的介词短语为句子主语当句子主语后面接有 inaddition to,with,along with, together with, except,but等介词引出的短语时，其后的谓语动词形式取决介词前主语，而与介词短语中的名词无关。如:除我父母之外没有知道此事。正:No one except my parents knows anything about this误:No one except my

6、 parents know anything about this4、没弄清用作主语的指代意义有些用作主语的名词或代词的音思并不是固定的，而是需要根据句子的上文来确实，此时则要注音它所指代的相关词语是复数音义还是单数意义。如:他说的有一部分是真的，其余的就不是了。正:Part of what he savs is true. the rest is not.误:Part of what he says is true: the rest are not.三、主谓一致的考点归纳不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如:Remember/To remember Eng

7、lish words is not easy.记英语单词不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been decided vet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。注:what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如:What he took with him were two books.他带去的是两本书。“名词或代词+由with,together with,along with, as well as, besides, but,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather th

8、an等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如:MrLitogether with his two sons has gone to the cinema.李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。No one except the two bovs was late for class.除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。LiMing, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than

9、 one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident在这个事故中死了许多工人。注:“More+复数名词 than one”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如:More persons than one have known it.不止一个人知道这件事。“一两个”，用“one or two+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数;用“a(an)+名词单数or two”表达时，谓语动词用单数形式。如:One or two davs are enough for them=A day or two is enoug

10、h for them.给他们一两天时间足够了。and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。但是，当两个名词表示同一人，同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词用单数形式。如:The teacher and writer has come.那个教师兼作家已经来了。(The teacher and the writer have come.那个教师和那个作家都到来了。)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West,

11、奶油面包是西方的日常食物。A knife and fork is on the table.有一副刀叉在桌上。注:当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each.everv.manv a.more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如:Many ateacher and many a student has seen the fim.许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。巩固练习1. All but one _ here just now.A. isB.wasC.has beenD. were2.Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of havin

12、g one examination after anotherA. isB. areC.amD. be3.Alibrary with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA. is offeredB.has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered4.The number ofpeople invitedfifty, but a number of themabsent for different reasonsA. were,wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were5.

13、Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meetingA.is handing outB.are to hand outC.are handing out D.is to handout6.Each ofthe students, working hard at his or her _ lessons,to go to university. So do IA. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD.hoped7.E-mail, as well as telephones. _

14、 an important part in daily communication.A.is playingB. have plavedC.are playingD.play8. _ ofthe land in that district _ covered with trees and grassA. Two fifh. isB. Two fifth. areC. Two fifths. isD. Two fifths, are9.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not cle

15、arA. is usedB. are usedC.has been usedD.have been used参考答案:1.D。当主语后接有介词(如but. with.in.at.on 等)短语时，谓语只与介词短语前的主语有关，而与介词短语无关。2.B。当 not only.but (also)连接两个成分作主语时，谓语通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。3.A。解析见上面第1题。4.C。the number of用作主语时，谓语用单数;a number of.作主语时，谓语用复数。5.D。either.or.连接两个成分作主语时，谓语与其靠近的主语保持一致。6.B。句子真正的主语是each，故谓语用单数。7.A。句子真正的主语是E-mail，故谓语用单数。8.C。首先，在分数表达中，当分子大干二时，分母要用复数，故排除A和B;其次，因句子真正的主语是land，故谓语要用单数。9.C。means(方式，方法)为单数与复数同形的名词，由于句首有every修饰，说明它是单数，故谓语用单数。学科网（北京）股份有限公司