2022届高考英语之说明文基础训练（六）.doc

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1、2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（六）(A)When scientists go to a forest to study monkeys and their habits and behaviors, how do they know whos who?In the past, scientists had to make marks on each of the animals to tell them apart. But in the future, they may have a much easier way to tell them apart thanks to facia

2、l recognition technology.A research team from Chinas Northwest University is using facial recognition technology to identify thousands of snub-nosed monkeys that live on Qinling Mountain in Shanxi province.Similar to human facial recognition, the technology that is used to identify monkeys uses thei

3、r facial features to create a database that includes every monkey, Xinhua reported.“When the system is fully developed, we can connect it with cameras set up in the mountains. The system will automatically recognize the monkeys, name them and analyze their behavior, said Zhang He, a member of the re

4、search team.“For each snub-nosed monkey, we have 700 to 800 image samples, and the recognition success rate is 94 percent, Zhang added.“We used mobile phones and portable cameras with the monkeys in tests at distances ranging from about 3 to 10 meters, said He Gang, also a member of the research tea

5、m. With its help, we dont need to disturb the monkeys while studying them. ”Compared to humans, facial recognition technology for monkeys is more difficult because of their hairier faces. The color of their hair causes them to blend （融入）into their environment. These factors make it harder for comput

6、ers to identify them.Currently, there are about 4,000 snub-nosed monkeys living on Qinling Mountain. The teams goal is to successfully identify every monkey that lives there.1. What problem did scientists face in the past while studying monkeys?A. How to mark them.B. How to tell them apart.C. How to

7、 understand their behavior.D. How to observe them clearly.2. What does the article tell us about facial recognition technology for monkeys?A. It is now widely used in China.B. It works better than human facial recognition.C. It will use monkeys behavior to create a database.D. It can help scientists

8、 study monkeys without disturbing them.3. What do the underlined words “these factors in paragraph 8 refer to?a. Image samples, b. Hairy faces, c. Hair color. d. The environment.A. abB. ac C. beD. bd4. What is the authors main purpose in writing the article?A. To introduce a new way to identify monk

9、eys.B. To show the importance of studying monkeys.C. To compare different ways to identify monkeys.D. To explain difficulties in developing a new system.(B)Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens before they have even learned to pick up

10、 a pencil or tie their shoelaces (鞋带). Most of our written communication is done through texting (发短信) on mobile phones or typing on a keyboard. And voice recognition software (语音识别软件) is becoming more and more advanced一making even keyboard unnecessary!So, are handwriting skills important to your ch

11、ild? Actually, handwriting is an exercise in eye-hand coordination (手眼协调), an important part of visual-motor (视觉运动) skills, which are connected with achievements in study. Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing success, but better pe

12、rformance in reading and math in elementary school. It was also found that kids who fail to write neatly and efficiently are often accused of being lazy, and this may affect their behavior and self-worth. Morcover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an

13、article, the ones with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. In some ways, handwriting helps their brains development.The first attempts at writing can be challenging for pre-school children- whose fine motor (精细动作)skills are not yet fully developed. But some skills to prepare f

14、or handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before letters are introduced. Let your child copy your shapes in sand, or with chalk (粉笔) on a board before trying to dra

15、w the shapes on their own. Encourage your child to spend less time on clectronic devices and more time on activities to improve eye-hand coordination.Lets face it - technology is certain to continue developing and more research is needed to find the best ways to teach handwriting to young children.

16、But, there s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school.1. According to Paragraph 1, handwriting is_.A. easy to learn on a touch screen B. used less for communication nowC. m

17、ore difficult than typewriting D. totally replaced by voice recognition sofware2. How does the author explain the benefits of handwriting?A. By showing some research findings.B. By giving examples of the kids around him.C. By giving some news reports on handwriting.D. By providing evidence about pup

18、ils with good grades.3. What does the author suggest parents do?A. Keep young children away from electronic devices.B. Teach pre-school children to write letters with chalk.C. Help children get ready for handwriting before school.D. Encourage children to face writing challenges bravely.4. What can b

19、e the best title for the text?A. Does poor handwriting really mean being lazy?B. Should handwriting be taken seriously in childrens growth?C. How can handwriting affect childrens self-confidence?D. Should homework be done through handwriting or typewriting?(C)People have many different ways to relax

20、 during break time at work or school. Smartphones are probably the number one choice for a quick mental vacation.Although it might seem like a good time, looking at your cellphone may damage your mental power, according to a recent psychological study from Rutgers University in the United States. Fo

21、r the study, more than 400 students were asked to finish a set of 20 word puzzles. Halfway through the task, the students were divided into three groups. One group was allowed to take a break and use cellphones to buy things online. The second group was asked to have a rest and buy things using a co

22、mputer. The last group didnt have a break at all.Interestingly, the group that used their cellphones during the break went back to work feeling the most tired and least motivated to continue. They also had the hardest time solving the remaining word puzzles. The cellphone group took 19 percent longe

23、r to finish the rest of the task, and solved 22 percent fewer problems than those in the other break conditions combined.Terri Kurtzberg, co-author of the study, explained that they assumed looking at cellphones during a break would be no different from any other break but instead, the phone may cau

24、se increasing levels of distractions （分心） that make it difficult to return focused attention to work tasks. “Cellphones may have this effect because even just seeing your phone activates thoughts of checking messages, connecting with people, access to ever-refilling information and more, in ways tha

25、t are different from how we use other screens like computers, and laptops,” Kurtzberg told Science Daily. This is echoed （呼应）by a 2017 study from the US University of Chicago. It found that even if cellphones are turned off or turned face down, their mere presence reduces a persons cognitive capabil

26、ity （认知能力）.So, during your next break, try putting your smartphone away. Go out for a walk, get to know your classmates or even take a nap. You may be surprised by the result!1. What did the study find about using cellphones during breaks?A. It could ensure people a good time at work.B. It could red

27、uce ones ability to solve problems.C. It could benefit people both, physically and mentally.D. It could end up damaging ones magic power.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The study could be traced back to as early as 2017.B. Terri Kurtzberg was one of the autho

28、rs of the study.C. Participants were divided into three groups in the first place.D. The study was designed to solve a set of20 word puzzles.3. What can we learn about cellphones from Kurtz-bergs words?A. They have become a significant part of peoples lives.B. They have improved peoples ability to p

29、rocess information.C. They may influence people in the same way as computers do.D. They may make it harder for people to stay concentrated at work.4. What does the author suggest people do during break time?A. Turn off their cellphones.B. Keep their cellphones face down.C. Replace cellphones with la

30、ptops.D. Keep their cellphones out of sight.(D) Maple syrup (枫糖浆) is a sweetener from maple tree sap (树汁). Many people use it in baking in place of sugar or other sweeteners, some use it in tea instead of honey and it is frequently used as a topping for pancakes, waffles, and other breakfast foods.

31、Since true maple syrup is rather expensive, a wide range of false maple syrup exist.This sweetener originated in the northeast region of North America, and it is in this region that most of the worlds maple syrup is still produced. Vermont, New Hampshire Maine, and the eastern portion of Canada are

32、all known for their fine syrup, each with slightly different flavor qualities.This sweetener is produced by tapping maple trees to release and collect their sap. A trees sap is the liquid that, much like blood in animals, carries water and food to different parts of the tree to keep it nourished. A

33、mature maple produces about ten gallons of sap in a given season, after which the tree will wall off the channel that has been tapped, so that a new tap has to be drilled the next season. Maples are not tapped for syrup until they are at least 40 years old and have reached a certain size, to ensure

34、that no harm comes to the tree through the tapping process .An immense amount of sap is required to produce maple syrup because the watery sap must be reduced to achieve the proper thickness and taste. Although the exact amount depends on the sweetness of the sap, in general it takes about 40 times

35、as much maple sap to produce a portion of syrup. This may be further reduced to create thicker delicacies, such as maple butter, maple cream, and maple sugar.In the US, there are grade A and Grade B syrups, with three sub-divisions of Grade A: light amber, medium amber, and dark amber. Grade B is ev

36、en darker than Grade A dark amber. Many people assume that the grading system also indicates the quality, but in reality, it only helps to differentiate the color and taste of the syrup, which is a matter of personal preference. The tastes are different, but to say one is objectively “better” than a

37、nother would be incorrect.1. What do we know about the maple syrup from the first two paragraphs?A. It can be a replacement of sugar and honey.B. It varies greatly in flavor qualities.C. It is produced in the northeast of the US.D. It is too expensive to gain popularity.2. The underlined word “nouri

38、shed” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”.A. warm.B. healthy.C. complete.D. happy.3. Why is a large amount of sap needed?A. Because it is widely used in most delicacies.B. Because it helps to protect old trees from harm.C. Because it needs to be concentrated to make maple syrup.D. Because the more

39、 sap is used, the better maple syrup tastes.4. Whats the main purpose of writing the text?A. To teach people how to make maple syrup.B. To attract more people to buy maple syrup.C. To introduce basic knowledge of maple syrup.D. To help people choose maple syrup of good quality . （E)Americans are now

40、 allowed to get a COVID-19 vaccine （疫苗）.But the process in America is not going as smoothly as some had hoped. Many people are still facing a wait for their first shot. Moreover, the vaccines arent available to kids under 16 yet. Thats because scientists have only tested if the vaccine works in adul

41、ts.The good news is that there are two companies, Moderna and Pfizer, making COVID-19 vaccines. They are now running clinical trials （临床实验）to test their vaccines in teens and kids. Volunteers are given a treatment plan and then evaluated after.Clinical trials are designed with safety in mind and usu

42、ally done in adults first. They work like this: volunteers get placed into one of two groups. One group receives the vaccine. The other group gets a placebo. This is a shot given in the same way as the vaccine but with no effect. Scientists can compare the effects of the real vaccine against the pla

43、cebo to see if the vaccine works. Researchers want to know everything that a person experiences when they get the shot, so they can detect any harmful effects. If anything did happen, the trial would stop immediately.Some teens are eager to volunteer because they want to help people. Maybe youre the

44、 right age to be part of a clinical trial for the COVID-19 vaccine. Why not volunteer For A Vaccine Trial? Interested kids should read about the trials because every trial has risks. They should talk to their doctor and weigh the benefits and risks. Every vaccine has rare side effects in a few patie

45、nts.If you want to participate in a trial, you can try to sign up online by just clicking here, dinicaltriak.gov, which lists every clinical trial in the US, including COVID-19 vaccine trials.1. Why kids under 16 cant get a COVID-19 vaccine ?A. Because the vaccine is too hard to get.B Because the va

46、ccine is too expensive for them.C. Because they are not at the risk of getting COVID-19.D. Because the effectiveness of the vaccine for kids hasnt been tested .2. What does the underlined word placebo in paragraph 3 refer to ?A .A substance to comfort patientsB. A pill to treat patientsC. A Prize to

47、 award patientsD. A way to cure patients3. Whats the purpose of this article?A To tell American adults they can get a COVID-19 vaccine.B. To inform that American children cant get a COVID-19 vaccine.C. To give information about clinical trials of vaccines in teens and kids.D To provide information f

48、or potential volunteers on trials.4.Where does this passage probably come from?A Newspapers. B. Magazines. C. Internet. D. Textbooks.（F)A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look